• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.90-108
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• 2020

Objectives The purpose of this study is to evaluate efficacy and safety of Mahaenggamsuktang for treating mycoplasma pneumonia in children based on the randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Methods Literatures were searched from OASIS, KISS, NDSL, CNKI, Cochrane, Embase and Pubmed, and the search was conducted on January 29, 2020. Only RCTs published since 2000 were included. Trials comparing Mahaenggamsuktang combined with antibiotics or antibiotics treatment alone for the treatment of mycoplasma pneumonia in children were included. Results 17 trials, including 2,241 participants with mycoplasma pneumonia were included in this review. As a result of the meta-analysis, total effective rate of combination of Mahaggamsuktang and antibiotics was 1.24 times higher than that of the antibiotics alone, which was statistically significant. Symptoms with fever, lung sounds, cough, chest X-ray lesion findings, wheezing were also significantly reduced in the treatment group with Mahaenggamseoktang and antibiotics. Also, Serum CRP level was significantly lower with combination treatment. The incidence of adverse reactions was lower in the treatment group with Mahaenggamseoktang and antibiotics, but it was not statistically significant. Conclusions As a result of meta-analysis, combination treatment of Mahaenggamseoktang and antibiotics seems significantly effective for the treatment of mycoplasma pneumonia in children. In order to have a higher level of evidence for efficacy and safety of Mahaenggamsuktang in treating mycoplasma pneumonia, additional RCTs with good qualities are required.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.89-95
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• 2012

Background: As Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia has increased in Korea, its relevance to infants, toddlers, and adolescents has magnified as well as. However, it is difficult to perform the serological test and PCR test routinely for diagnosis in actual clinical practice. Thus, the authors conducted this study to help clinicians do presumptive diagnosis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia using clinical, radiological, and hematological findings. Methods: The study population consisted of 224 children between 1 month and 14 years old, hospitalized for radiographically confirmed pneumonia. Patients were divided into two groups of 100 children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia, as diagnosed using the ELISA method. Groups with negative result in Mycoplasma IgM antibody test were classified into the viral group (98 patients with respiratory virus) and the bacterial group (46 patients with the bacteria detected in the blood sputum culture or antibiotic treatment except macrolide improved the patient's condition). These groups were compared and analyzed using clinical, hematological, and radiographic differences and scoring system. Results: Clinical, hematological, and radiographic characteristics of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia have shown the intermediate level results between bacterial pneumonia and viral pneumonia. In terms of scoring system, the mean score of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia was 4.23, which was the intermediate level between bacterial pneumonia (mean score=6.67) and viral pneumonia (mean score=1.48). Conclusion: Results suggest that the combination of the scoring system information can increase the accuracy in the diagnosis even if they may have difficulties on diagnosis, because clinical manifestations, hematological, and radiographic findings are nonspecific.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.70-75
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• 2002

Mycoplasma pneumioniae has a unique genomic composition, cellular biology, and a fastidious nature as the smallest cell-free living organism that lacks a cell wall. Previous studies have suggested that a clinical manifestation of a M. pneumoniae infection is a consequence of a host immune response, particularly involving cellular immunity. Adenosine deaminase (ADA) is the main T-lymphocyte enzyme, and its activity is high in diseases where cellular immunity is stimulated. Therefore, its activity is useful for diagnosing a tuberculous pleural effusion. A pleural effusion is found in 5-20% of Mycoplasma pneumonia patients. However, there are few reports of high ADA activity in a mycoplasmal pleural effusion. Here we report a case of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection established by a polymerase chain reaction and serologic tests, accompanying high ADA activity in a pleural effusion.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.219-224
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• 2002

We report the seasonal prevalence of the mycoplasmal pneumoniae of swine (MPS) in slaughter pigs from July of 1999 to June of 2000. Gross finding of lung lesion observed and examined by dot-ELISA. In gross finding of lung lesion from 750 pig samples, 465 (62.0%) was MPS, and 129 (17.2%) was single or double infection with actinobacillosis and pasturellosis. However, 156 (20.8%) had no lesion. In seasonal detection, the prevalence was found to be winter (69.5%), autumn (63.5%), summer (60.0%) and spring (54.7%) in orderly frequency. In dot-ELISA, the result was showed the positive reaction (x16>titre) with 58.0% and negative (x4

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.51-59
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• 2019

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationships between cytokine and chemokine levels and the clinical severity of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia. Methods: A retrospective analysis of clinical and laboratory parameters were performed. Serum levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-18, interferon-${\gamma}$-inducible protein-10 (IP-10), macrophage inflammatory $protein-1{\beta}$, and tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$ were measured. The severity of patients' clinical course and radiologic findings were also assessed. Results: Seventy-two patients (35 males and 37 females) with a median age of 3.9 years (range, 1-16 years) were enrolled. Patients with lobar pneumonia (n=29) had significantly higher C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and IL-18 values than those with broncho-interstitial pneumonia (n=43). However, the cytokine and chemokine values did not differ between the group that was treated with corticosteroids (n=31) and the one that was not (n=41). The CRP, ESR, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), IL-18, and IP-10 values showed positive correlations with fever duration prior to admission. The CRP and ESR values were positively correlated with IL-18, and LDH, with IP-10 levels. Conclusions: CRP, ESR, LDH, IL-18, and IP-10 values were associated with the severity of the disease, manifesting lobar pneumonia or prolonged fever duration prior to admission.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.79-87
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• 1998

Purpose : The P1 protein of Mycoplasma pneumoniae mediates the attachment of the pathogen to its host cell and elicits a strong humoral immune response during infection with this organism. Mycoplasma pneumoniae strains can be classified into two groups(I and II) by PCR method of P1 cytadhesin gene. In this study, we evaluated the prevalence, epidemiological and clinical characteristics of each group. Methods : From 155 patients with Mycoplasma pneumoniae, who admitted to the Department of Pediatrics, Sung-Ae and Kwangmyung Sung-Ae Hospital between November 1996 and October 1997, we collected their throat swabs or nasopharyngeal aspirates for DNA extraction and serum for indirect hemagglutination test of Mycoplasma pneumoniae. The group specific PCR amplification were performed using specific oligonucleotide primers designed for P1 gene genotyping. Results : Group I(137 patients, 88.4%) occurred frequently than group II(18 patients, 11.6%). In both group, the most prevalent season was winter in 1996(Nov. to Dec.) and fall in 1997(Aug. to Oct.) The prevalent age was four to six years old. The number of male was more than female in both group; Group 1(1.2:1), Goup 2(1.6:1). No significant relationship were found between two groups in duration of fever and hospital days(P>0.05). The rate of high antibody titers(>1:5120) was lower in group I(6/137, 4.4%) than group II(2/18, 11.1%). Conclusion : Group I was much more prevalent than group II during 1996~1997 in Korea. There was no difference between two groups in epidemiological and clinical parameters except the rate of high antibody titers. Further follow-up survey will be needed for the epidemiologic and clinical studies of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.225-229
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• 2002

We report that mycoplasma organisms from lung tissues of slaughter pigs were identified to genes fragments with references use of nested-PCR technique(nPCR). Seven strains of mycoplasma species were isolated from 70 lung tissues. The organisms were detected by in vitro amplification of 16S rRNA and 23S rRNA genes. Nucleotide sequences of the spacer between 16S and 23S in the ribosomal RNA operons of mycoplasma were identified by the analysis of products from the nested PCR. Four common PCR primers, MhF1, MhF2 MhR1 and MhR2, were designed by analysis between these sequences by first amplified with F1, R1 and second with F2, R2, respectively. Specific amplification of the spacer region for reference strains of M. hyopneumoniae, M. hyorhinis, M. flocculare were confirmed by first round of PCR in which the traduced fragments of 690bp, 460bp, 630bp. But amplications of second round was changed to 240bp, 210bp, 230bp, respectively. Three different strains (M. hyopneumoniae:4, M. hyorhinis:2, M. flocculare:1) were detected by the nested-PCR technique. The results suggest that the detection of swine mycoplasma by n-PCR can be analyzed the nucleotide sequences between rRNA operons and homology study.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.129-137
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• 2008

Purpose : Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) was recently discovered in children with respiratory tract infection. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency and the clinical manifestation of hMPV infection in Korean children. Methods : From January to December, 2005, we collected throat swabs from 1,098 children who were hospitalized for acute respiratory illness at the Department of Pediatrics, Kwang-Ju Christian Hospital. hMPV was detected by performing reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The medical records of the patients with positive results were retrospectively reviewed. Results : We detected hMPV in 25 (2.2%) of the 1,098 hospitalized children. The mean age of the hMPV infected children was 2.3 years, and 84% of the illnesses occurred between April and June. The most common diagnoses were pneumonia (60%) and bronchiolitis (20 %). The clinical manifestations included cough, fever, coryza, rale, wheezing and injected throats. Peribronchial infiltration and consolidation were the common chest X-ray findings. Four (16%) of 25 patients with hMPV infection had exacerbation of asthma. Coinfection with other respiratory viruses was found in six children (24%). Conclusion : hMPV is the cause of an important proportion of acute respiratory tract infection in Korean children. Additional studies are required to define the epidemiology and the extent of disease caused by hMPV and to determine future development of this illness in Korean children.