• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
• /
• 2014.11a
• /
• pp.975-977
• /
• 2014

본 논문에서는 판소리 자동채보에 중요한 요소인 '합'과 '궁'의 위치 즉 마디를 인공신경망과 히스토그램을 이용하여 추정한다. 기존의 합과 궁을 추정하는 방법으로는 NCC(Normalized Cross Correlation)를 이용한 대표치 추정 윈도우와 칼만 필터를 이용하였다. 하지만 대표치 추정 윈도우를 구성하는 과정에서 단순히 15개의 특징벡터 각각의 평균을 이용하기 때문에 분별력이 떨어지고, 마디위치를 보정하는 과정에서 칼만 필터를 사용하면 전체음원이 길이가 짧을 경우 오차가 발생할 가능성이 크다. 본 논문에서 제안한 마디 추정 알고리즘은 장단별로 최대 90%이상의 정확도로 마디를 추정할 수 있다.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
• /
• v.40 no.1
• /
• pp.198-201
• /
• 2015

The prompt and accurate location determination of the nodes of the wireless indoor shipboard networks is crucial to forming the stable wireless shipboard sensor networks. To this end in this paper it can be achieved through the measurement of the bi-directional channel qualities among the nodes after the locations of the sensor nodes temporarily placed. For the 1st stage the piconet-type sensor networks are considered to measure the channel qualities between a specific node and the cluster node which is the master node. After finishing the 1st stage measurement the nodes needing the relay nodes are selected and the measurement action goes into the 2nd stage. In the 2nd stage the measurement between a candidate relay node and the node needing a relay node starts to begin. After the 2nd stage the relay nodes to connect to the cluster node are fixed and the information delivery paths between a node and the cluster head are established. In this paper the measurement results in the realistic environment are gathered and analysed to show that the measurement procedure can be applied in the wireless indoor shipboard networks.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.9 no.10
• /
• pp.1-12
• /
• 2009

There exist some regular multiple relations in the intervals of notes when they are combined within one measure. This paper presents a method to find the exact measure positions in monophonic song based on those relations. In the proposed method the individual intervals are segmented at first and the rules that state the multiple relations are used to find the measure position. The measures can be applied as the foundational information for extracting beat and tempo of a song which can be used as background knowledge of automatic music transcription system. The proposed method exactly detected the measure positions of 11 songs out of 12 songs except one song which consist of monophonic voice song of the men and women. Also one can extract the information of beat and tempo of a song using the information about extracted measure positions with music theory.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• v.35 no.1
• /
• pp.63-68
• /
• 2008

Single-node stem pieces ca. 1 cm in length containing a axillary bud were obtained from in vitro plants of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). The influences by a position of the node and the existence of a leaf at the node were observed in the single-node culture on the 8% sucrose MS medium. The effect of CCC was also investigated for the microtuberization. The apical part node was excellent in the tuberization not to mention shoot length, fresh weight, diameter, the number of node on the in vitro culture of a single-node than the lower part. The differences in the diameter of a tuber formed in the part of the axillary bud on all treatments including the cultivation of the apical part node were not recognized. However, the fresh weight of the tuber showed high value in the tuber formed at the axillary bud of shoot apex part. At 20 days after cultivation, tuberization was promoted in the new stolen that developed from the bud of node with a leaf under SD condition of 8 hours at $20^{\circ}C$. The tuberization from axillary bud of the single-node without leaf was inhibited at high temperature of $28^{\circ}C$ regardless of daylength. Whereas, tuberization at $20^{\circ}C$ and $28^{\circ}C$ was similar without the difference under SD condition but the tuber formation ratio were low. CCC 500 mg/L promoted tuberization and the effect was also showed even under LD condition at $28^{\circ}C$. The inhibiton of tuberization under LD and high temperature condition could be solved by treatment with CCC.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
• /
• v.36 no.1
• /
• pp.6-13
• /
• 1993

연두금파리 유충의 뇌와 복신경절에 분포하는 세로토닌 면역반응성 세포를 면역조직화학적 방법을 이용하여 동정하였다. 세로토인세포는 뇌에 28개, 제1식도하신경절의 첫째마디에 6개, 둘째마디에 10개 그리고 세째마디에 6개가 각각 존재하였다. 그리고 앞가슴신경절에 6개, 가운데가슴신경절에 4개 그리고 됫가슴신경절에 4개가 각각 위치하였다. 또한 복부신경절에서는 첫새 마디부터 일곱째 마디까지 각각 4개가 존재하였고 마지막마디인 여덟째마디에서는 단지 두개의 세포만이 관찰되었다. 결국 연두금파리 유충의 중추신경계에는 모두 94개의 세로토닌 면역반응성 세포들이 분포하였다. 이들 세포로부터 뻗어나온 축색들은 뉴로파일내에서 분지하거나 횡연합섬유를 이루었다.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.9 no.4
• /
• pp.293-298
• /
• 1976

1) The decrease in strength of netting twines at the twisted joint is regarded to be due mainly to tile frictional force between plied yarns, but tile rate of decresae is within $5\%$ in filament twines and 5 to $10\%$ in spun twines. 2) The variation of the twisted joint strength with the angle between the two adjacent bars draws a parabola flaying the minimum value at tile angle of $90^{\circ}$. The minimum value was revealed as about $90\%$ of the strength at the angle of $0^{\circ}$ in wet spun twiness, but regarded to hi negligibly small filament twines. 3) The knot strength is about $30{\pm}5\%$of the twisted joint strength.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
• /
• v.25 no.3
• /
• pp.162-167
• /
• 2016

This study was carried out to investigate proper stem cutting position and air temperature to regenerate roots from cuttings of bitter gourd. 'NS454' (NS) and 'Dragon' (DR) cultivars were tested and the cutting position was cut at the 3rd node in the stem (treatment I) and cut at the central part (stem segment) between 3rd leaf and 4th leaf in the stem (treatment II). The air temperature was maintained at 18, 23, 28 and $35^{\circ}C$ in the growth chambers, respectively. The photosynthetic photon flux at the ground of a chamber was maintained in approximately $150-200{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$ during the 16-hour photoperiod. The relative humidity in the chambers was maintained over 85%. After 10 days of cuttings, regardless of cutting position, DR and NS cultivars showed 100% the survival rate in the $18^{\circ}C$ or $23^{\circ}C$ treatments, however, most of plants $18^{\circ}C$ treatment had not rooting. In the $28^{\circ}C$ treatment, regardless of cutting position, DR and NS cultivars showed 100% of the rooting rate. In the $23^{\circ}C$ treatment, for DR cultivar, the node cutting showed 90% of rooting rate and the stem segment cutting showed 40% rooting rate. For NS cultivar, the node cutting showed 50% of rooting rate and the stem segment cutting showed 40% rooting rate. DR and NS cultivars have high rooting rate, while the rooting rate remarkably decreased in the $35^{\circ}C$ treatment. For DR cultivar, the stem segment cutting showed 5.3 of the highest rooting number and the node cutting showed 2.7 rooting number in the $28^{\circ}C$ treatment. NS cultivar was not significantly different the rooting regardless of cutting position. The results suggested that cutting at the stem segment cutting of bitter gourd is an effective cutting method for increasing survival rate and the air temperature should be maintained at $28^{\circ}C$.

• MALSORI
• /
• no.29_30
• /
• pp.95-104
• /
• 1995

최근 음운론에서 lateral 자질이 자질수형도에서 어디에 위치하는가에 대해 두 가지 접근이 있어 왔다. Levin(1988)은 lateral이 coronal에만 나타나는 제약에 기초해서, lateral 자질이 coronal 마디의 의존자질이라고 주장한다. 이에 반해 Rice & Avery(1991), 그리고 Shaw(1991)는 lateral 자질이 자질수형도의 위쪽에 위치한다고 주장한다. 이 두 이론을 비교하기 위해 본 논문에서는 다음과 같은 내용의 음운론적인 요소들과 음성학적인 요소들을 고려한다. 첫째, 음성학에서 lateral의 기능은 lateral이 일반적으로 수형도 위쪽에 위치하는 것으로 간주되는 조음방법 자질이라는 것을 시사한다. 둘째, Papuan 언어군에서 보고된 Velar lateral의 존재는 lateral이 coronal에만 나타난다는 제약을 무효화하면서 Levin이론의 전제를 의심스럽게 한다. 셋째, 몇 가지 다른 유형의 동화 현상에 대한 논의는 동화현상이 lateral이 수형도의 위쪽에 위치하는 이론에서 더 잘 설명된다는 것을 보여 준다. 마지막으로 Chumash와 Tahltan의 coronal harmony에서 나타나는 lateral의 transparency와 Cambodian과 Javanese에서 나타나는 OCP효과 따위도 lateral이 조음위치 마디의 의존 자질인 이론에서는 설명될 수 없는 underspecified lateral의 증거를 제시한다. 이와 같은 논의에 기초해서 본 논문의 결과는 lateral이 수형도 위쪽에 위치한다는 주장이 옳음을 보여준다.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
• /
• v.40 no.3
• /
• pp.289-296
• /
• 2016

This study presents the kinematics of an intrinsic continuum robot actuated by pneumatic artificial muscles. The single section of a developed continuum robot consisted of three muscles in parallel. The contraction of each muscle according to applied air pressure produced spatial motions of a distal plate with respect to a base plate. Based on the bending behaviors of artificial muscles, the orientation and position of the end-effector of a continuum robot were formulated using a transformation matrix. The orientation and position was also determined for a single section of the distal plate. A Jacobian matrix relating the contraction rate or the pressure rate of the muscles to the velocity vector of the end-effector was calculated considering the assembled position of actuators between neighboring sections of the robot. Experimental results showed that the motions of the intrinsic continuum robot were accurately estimated by the proposed kinematics.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• v.29 no.1
• /
• pp.37-40
• /
• 2002

Sweet potato is a crop vegetatively propagated by vine cuttings, an ineffective method for maintaining pathogene-free stock plants. As an alternative method, single-node cultures of virus-free plantlets derived from apical meristem in sweet potato (cv. Yulmi) was examined. Effective pH range, sugar concentration and nodal order were investigated to establish an in vitro mass propagation system with high quality virus-free stock plantlets to farmhouse. Although the plantlets grew at wide range of pH, the most effective pH of the medium was 4.8 in single-node cultures. High sugar concentration of 60∼80 g/L resulted in increased growth response in shoot length, root length, number of node, leaf area and fresh and dry weight of shoot and root, whereas reducing sugar contents below 6% was showed reduced growth response. The first node including meristem tip was the best for the rapid growth of plantlets and the other nodes also showed a very similar growth response. Uniform plantlet can be obtained massively at the same time by culture of single node except for the first node including meristem tip. In conclusion, the most effective pH range and sugar concentration of medium for the growth of plantlets via single-node cultures was 4.8, 60∼80 g/L respectively. The first node was the best for the rapid propagation of plantlets in nodal order.