• Journal of Adhesion and Interface
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.16-24
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• 2001

The curing behavior of a phenolic resin (F/p: 1.3, 1.9, 2.5 for resol resin, F/P: 0.5, 0.7, 0.9 for novolac resin) has been studied by FT-IR spectroscopy. In this study is to synthesis of resol and novolac type phenolic resin with different F/P molar ratios and to compare the level of cure at different curing temperature conditions ($130^{\circ}C$, $160^{\circ}C$, $180^{\circ}C$ for resol resin, $160^{\circ}C$, $170^{\circ}C$, $180^{\circ}C$ for novolac resin) for 3, 5, 7, 10, 20, and 60 (min.), respectively. The conversion (${\alpha}$) was determined by the ratio of the peak area with time to the peak area of non-baked phenolic QH ($3300cm^{-1}$) at spectra. It is concluded that the initial curing rate of resol and novolac resin was increased as the molar ratio of formaldehyde/phenol increased and as the curing temperature of resin increased. According to the analysis was by the homogenous first-order model, the initial curing rate of resol and novolac resin was increased as the molar ratio of formaIdehyde/phenol increased at specific curing temperature.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.301-309
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• 2008

In this study, the effect of formaldehyde to phenol (F/P) molar ratios, catalyst wt%, and reaction temperature on the chemical structure was studied utilizing a two-level full factorial experimental design. The effect of three variables on the chemical structure was analyzed by using three-way ANOVA of SPSS. Concentration of methyrol-substituted phenols after 300 min addition reaction increased with higher the F/P mole ratio, lower the reaction temperature and lower the catalyst wt%. Resol catalysed by barium hydroxide showed higher addition of formaldehyde onto ortho positions of phenolic rings. A simplified elementary reaction model for resole type phenolic resin formation which do not consider the dissociation of phenolic compounds and the fraction of formaldehyde in the form of methylene glycol was proposed and compared with Zavitsas' type models. Elementary reaction model showed error of 2.79% compared to the error of 3.27% in Zavitsas' type models. It was thought that the elementary reaction model could be used to predict the behavior of addition reaction in resol formation.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.27-34
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• 2014

In this study, we evaluated an effect of the tempered materials on the thermal runaway characteristics in the resol resin synthesis reaction using the adiabatic calorimetry of vent sizing package 2(VSP2). The kinetic parameters, such as an activation energy and heat of reaction, were estimated using the test results. As the results, the instantaneous characteristics to express the intensity of runaway reaction decreased at the low solid content. However, the sudden loss of the tempered materials triggered the second runaway reaction rapidly. In this condition, the heat of reaction and the activation energy of phenol and p-formaldehyde were about 157 kJ/mol and 60 kJ/mol, respectively.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.73-76
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• 2008

Bipolar Plates for PEMFC have been a key component of fuel cells with MEA, thus in this research they have been fabricated by a compression molding technique after mixing graphite powder with phenol resin. The results have shown the prominent properties compared with those by foreign advanced company with respect to the electrical conductivity and flexural strength. In addition, it has been carried out that the Voltage-Current characteristics comparison according to the unit cell experiments of bipolar plates. As a result, we have obtained good performances and we are going to research the molding feasibility of bipolar plate's flow channel.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.292-299
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• 1993

In this paper the effects of the length of carbon fiber on the wear properties of carboni carbon composites were investigated. Carbon/carbon composites were fabricated by the liquid impregnation method using the resol-type phenolic resin as a matrix precursor and PAN-based, non-surface treated carbon fiber as a reinforcement. The measured values of the friction coefficient of carbon/carbon composites against AlSl 304 stainless steel ranged from 0.2 to 0.3 under the operating condition used in this study. The effect of the length of carbon fiber on the friction coefficient of carbon/carbon composites were not found. But, it was realized that the wear rate of carbon/carbon composites tends to increase, as the length of carbon fiber increases.