• Title/Summary/Keyword: 랜드마크 데이터베이스

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Mobile Camera-Based Positioning Method by Applying Landmark Corner Extraction (랜드마크 코너 추출을 적용한 모바일 카메라 기반 위치결정 기법)

  • Yoo Jin Lee;Wansang Yoon;Sooahm Rhee
    • Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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    • v.39 no.6_1
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    • pp.1309-1320
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    • 2023
  • The technological development and popularization of mobile devices have developed so that users can check their location anywhere and use the Internet. However, in the case of indoors, the Internet can be used smoothly, but the global positioning system (GPS) function is difficult to use. There is an increasing need to provide real-time location information in shaded areas where GPS is not received, such as department stores, museums, conference halls, schools, and tunnels, which are indoor public places. Accordingly, research on the recent indoor positioning technology based on light detection and ranging (LiDAR) equipment is increasing to build a landmark database. Focusing on the accessibility of building a landmark database, this study attempted to develop a technique for estimating the user's location by using a single image taken of a landmark based on a mobile device and the landmark database information constructed in advance. First, a landmark database was constructed. In order to estimate the user's location only with the mobile image photographing the landmark, it is essential to detect the landmark from the mobile image, and to acquire the ground coordinates of the points with fixed characteristics from the detected landmark. In the second step, by applying the bag of words (BoW) image search technology, the landmark photographed by the mobile image among the landmark database was searched up to a similar 4th place. In the third step, one of the four candidate landmarks searched through the scale invariant feature transform (SIFT) feature point extraction technique and Homography random sample consensus(RANSAC) was selected, and at this time, filtering was performed once more based on the number of matching points through threshold setting. In the fourth step, the landmark image was projected onto the mobile image through the Homography matrix between the corresponding landmark and the mobile image to detect the area of the landmark and the corner. Finally, the user's location was estimated through the location estimation technique. As a result of analyzing the performance of the technology, the landmark search performance was measured to be about 86%. As a result of comparing the location estimation result with the user's actual ground coordinate, it was confirmed that it had a horizontal location accuracy of about 0.56 m, and it was confirmed that the user's location could be estimated with a mobile image by constructing a landmark database without separate expensive equipment.

A Mobile Landmarks Guide : Outdoor Augmented Reality based on LOD and Contextual Device (모바일 랜드마크 가이드 : LOD와 문맥적 장치 기반의 실외 증강현실)

  • Zhao, Bi-Cheng;Rosli, Ahmad Nurzid;Jang, Chol-Hee;Lee, Kee-Sung;Jo, Geun-Sik
    • Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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    • v.18 no.1
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    • pp.1-21
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    • 2012
  • In recent years, mobile phone has experienced an extremely fast evolution. It is equipped with high-quality color displays, high resolution cameras, and real-time accelerated 3D graphics. In addition, some other features are includes GPS sensor and Digital Compass, etc. This evolution advent significantly helps the application developers to use the power of smart-phones, to create a rich environment that offers a wide range of services and exciting possibilities. To date mobile AR in outdoor research there are many popular location-based AR services, such Layar and Wikitude. These systems have big limitation the AR contents hardly overlaid on the real target. Another research is context-based AR services using image recognition and tracking. The AR contents are precisely overlaid on the real target. But the real-time performance is restricted by the retrieval time and hardly implement in large scale area. In our work, we exploit to combine advantages of location-based AR with context-based AR. The system can easily find out surrounding landmarks first and then do the recognition and tracking with them. The proposed system mainly consists of two major parts-landmark browsing module and annotation module. In landmark browsing module, user can view an augmented virtual information (information media), such as text, picture and video on their smart-phone viewfinder, when they pointing out their smart-phone to a certain building or landmark. For this, landmark recognition technique is applied in this work. SURF point-based features are used in the matching process due to their robustness. To ensure the image retrieval and matching processes is fast enough for real time tracking, we exploit the contextual device (GPS and digital compass) information. This is necessary to select the nearest and pointed orientation landmarks from the database. The queried image is only matched with this selected data. Therefore, the speed for matching will be significantly increased. Secondly is the annotation module. Instead of viewing only the augmented information media, user can create virtual annotation based on linked data. Having to know a full knowledge about the landmark, are not necessary required. They can simply look for the appropriate topic by searching it with a keyword in linked data. With this, it helps the system to find out target URI in order to generate correct AR contents. On the other hand, in order to recognize target landmarks, images of selected building or landmark are captured from different angle and distance. This procedure looks like a similar processing of building a connection between the real building and the virtual information existed in the Linked Open Data. In our experiments, search range in the database is reduced by clustering images into groups according to their coordinates. A Grid-base clustering method and user location information are used to restrict the retrieval range. Comparing the existed research using cluster and GPS information the retrieval time is around 70~80ms. Experiment results show our approach the retrieval time reduces to around 18~20ms in average. Therefore the totally processing time is reduced from 490~540ms to 438~480ms. The performance improvement will be more obvious when the database growing. It demonstrates the proposed system is efficient and robust in many cases.

Automated Geometric Correction of Geostationary Weather Satellite Images (정지궤도 기상위성의 자동기하보정)

  • Kim, Hyun-Suk;Hur, Dong-Seok;Rhee, Soo-Ahm;Kim, Tae-Jung
    • Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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    • 2007.03a
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    • pp.70-75
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    • 2007
  • 2008년 12월에 우리나라 최초의 통신해양기상위성(Communications, Oceanography and Meteorology Satellite, COMS)이 발사될 예정이다. 통신해양기상위성의 영상데이터의 기하보정을 위하여 다음과 같은 연구를 수행하였다. 기상위성은 정지궤도상에 위치하여 전지구적인 영상을 얻는다. 영상의 전지구적인 해안선은 구름 등으로 가려져서 명확한 정보를 제공할 수 없게 된다. 구름 등으로 방해되지 않는 명확한 해안선 정보를 얻기 위하여 구름 추출을 한다. 실시간으로 기상정보를 얻는 기상위성의 특성상 정합에 전체 영상을 사용하면 수행시간이 다소 소요된다. 정합시 전체 영상에서 정합을 위한 후보점 추출을 위하여 GSHHS(Global Self-consistent Hierarchical High-resolution Shoreline)의 해안선 데이터베이스를 사용하여 211 개 의 랜드마크 칩들을 구축하였다. 이때 구축된 랜드마크 칩은 실험에 사용한 GOES-9의 위치 동경 155도를 반영하여 구축하였다. 전체 영상에서 구축된 랜드마크 칩들의 위치를 중심으로 구름추출을 수행한다. 전체 211 개의 후보점 중 구름이 제거된 나머지 후보점에 대하여 정합을 수행한다. 랜드마크 칩과 위성영상 간의 정합 중 참정합과 오정합이 존재하는데 자동으로 오정합을 검출하기 위하여 강인추정기법 (RANSAC, Random Sample Consensus)을 사용한다. 이때 자동으로 판별되어 오정합이 제거된 정합결과로 최종적인 기하보정을 수행한다. 기하보정을 위한 센서모델은 GOES-9 위성의 센서특정을 고려하여 개발되었다. 정합 및 RANSAC결과로 얻어진 기준점으로 정밀 센서모델을 수립하여 기하보정을 실시하였다. 이때 일련의 수행과정을 통신해양기상위성의 실시간 처리요구사항에 맞도록 속도를 최적화하여 진행되도록 개발하였다.

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Automated Landmark Extraction based on Matching and Robust Estimation with Geostationary Weather Satellite Images (정합과 강인추정 기법에 기반한 정지궤도 기상위성 영상에서의 자동 랜드마크 추출기법 연구)

  • Lee Tae-Yoon;Kim Taejung;Choi Hae-Jin
    • Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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    • v.21 no.6
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    • pp.505-516
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    • 2005
  • The Communications, Oceanography and Meteorology Satellite(COMS) will be launched in 2008. Ground processing for COMS includes the process of automatic image navigation. Image navigation requires landmark detection by matching COMS images against landmark chips. For automatic image navigation, a matching must be performed automatically However, if matching results contain errors, the accuracy of Image navigation deteriorates. To overcome this problem, we propose use of a robust estimation technique called Random Sample Consensus (RANSAC) to automatically detect erroneous matching. We tested GOES-9 satellite images with 30 landmark chips that were extracted from the world shoreline database. After matching, mismatch results were detected automatically by RANSAC. All mismatches were detected correctly by RANSAC with a threshold value of 2.5 pixels.

Communal Ontology of Landmarks for Urban Regional Navigation (도시 지역 이동을 위한 랜드마크의 공유 온톨로지 연구)

  • Hong, Il-Young
    • Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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    • v.41 no.5 s.116
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    • pp.582-599
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    • 2006
  • Due to the growing popularity of mobile information technology, more people, especially in the general public, have access to computerized geospatial information systems for wayfinding tasks or urban navigation. One of the problems with the current services is that, whether the users are exploring or navigating, whether they are travelers who are totally new to a region or long-term residents who have a fair amount of regional knowledge, the same method is applied and the direction are given in the same way. However, spatial knowledge for a given urban region expands in proportion to residency. Urban navigation is highly dependent on cognitive mental images, which is developed through spatial experience and social communication. Thus, the wayfinding service for a regional community can be highly supported, using well-known regional places. This research is to develop the framework for urban navigation within a regional community. The concept of communal ontology is proposed to aid in urban regional navigation. The experimental work was implemented with case study to collect regional landmarks, develop the ontological model and represent it with formal structure. The final product of this study will provide the geographical information of a region to the other agent and be the fundamental information structure for cognitive urban regional navigation.

Analysis and Evaluation of Frequent Pattern Mining Technique based on Landmark Window (랜드마크 윈도우 기반의 빈발 패턴 마이닝 기법의 분석 및 성능평가)

  • Pyun, Gwangbum;Yun, Unil
    • Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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    • v.15 no.3
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    • pp.101-107
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    • 2014
  • With the development of online service, recent forms of databases have been changed from static database structures to dynamic stream database structures. Previous data mining techniques have been used as tools of decision making such as establishment of marketing strategies and DNA analyses. However, the capability to analyze real-time data more quickly is necessary in the recent interesting areas such as sensor network, robotics, and artificial intelligence. Landmark window-based frequent pattern mining, one of the stream mining approaches, performs mining operations with respect to parts of databases or each transaction of them, instead of all the data. In this paper, we analyze and evaluate the techniques of the well-known landmark window-based frequent pattern mining algorithms, called Lossy counting and hMiner. When Lossy counting mines frequent patterns from a set of new transactions, it performs union operations between the previous and current mining results. hMiner, which is a state-of-the-art algorithm based on the landmark window model, conducts mining operations whenever a new transaction occurs. Since hMiner extracts frequent patterns as soon as a new transaction is entered, we can obtain the latest mining results reflecting real-time information. For this reason, such algorithms are also called online mining approaches. We evaluate and compare the performance of the primitive algorithm, Lossy counting and the latest one, hMiner. As the criteria of our performance analysis, we first consider algorithms' total runtime and average processing time per transaction. In addition, to compare the efficiency of storage structures between them, their maximum memory usage is also evaluated. Lastly, we show how stably the two algorithms conduct their mining works with respect to the databases that feature gradually increasing items. With respect to the evaluation results of mining time and transaction processing, hMiner has higher speed than that of Lossy counting. Since hMiner stores candidate frequent patterns in a hash method, it can directly access candidate frequent patterns. Meanwhile, Lossy counting stores them in a lattice manner; thus, it has to search for multiple nodes in order to access the candidate frequent patterns. On the other hand, hMiner shows worse performance than that of Lossy counting in terms of maximum memory usage. hMiner should have all of the information for candidate frequent patterns to store them to hash's buckets, while Lossy counting stores them, reducing their information by using the lattice method. Since the storage of Lossy counting can share items concurrently included in multiple patterns, its memory usage is more efficient than that of hMiner. However, hMiner presents better efficiency than that of Lossy counting with respect to scalability evaluation due to the following reasons. If the number of items is increased, shared items are decreased in contrast; thereby, Lossy counting's memory efficiency is weakened. Furthermore, if the number of transactions becomes higher, its pruning effect becomes worse. From the experimental results, we can determine that the landmark window-based frequent pattern mining algorithms are suitable for real-time systems although they require a significant amount of memory. Hence, we need to improve their data structures more efficiently in order to utilize them additionally in resource-constrained environments such as WSN(Wireless sensor network).

Automated Geometric Correction of Geostationary Weather Satellite Images (정지궤도 기상위성의 자동기하보정)

  • Kim, Hyun-Suk;Lee, Tae-Yoon;Hur, Dong-Seok;Rhee, Soo-Ahm;Kim, Tae-Jung
    • Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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    • v.23 no.4
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    • pp.297-309
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    • 2007
  • The first Korean geostationary weather satellite, Communications, Oceanography and Meteorology Satellite (COMS) will be launched in 2008. The ground station for COMS needs to perform geometric correction to improve accuracy of satellite image data and to broadcast geometrically corrected images to users within 30 minutes after image acquisition. For such a requirement, we developed automated and fast geometric correction techniques. For this, we generated control points automatically by matching images against coastline data and by applying a robust estimation called RANSAC. We used GSHHS (Global Self-consistent Hierarchical High-resolution Shoreline) shoreline database to construct 211 landmark chips. We detected clouds within the images and applied matching to cloud-free sub images. When matching visible channels, we selected sub images located in day-time. We tested the algorithm with GOES-9 images. Control points were generated by matching channel 1 and channel 2 images of GOES against the 211 landmark chips. The RANSAC correctly removed outliers from being selected as control points. The accuracy of sensor models established using the automated control points were in the range of $1{\sim}2$ pixels. Geometric correction was performed and the performance was visually inspected by projecting coastline onto the geometrically corrected images. The total processing time for matching, RANSAC and geometric correction was around 4 minutes.

Proposing Shape Alignment for an Improved Active Shape Model (ASM의 성능향상을 위한 형태 정렬 방식 제안)

  • Hahn, Hee-Il
    • Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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    • v.15 no.1
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    • pp.63-70
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    • 2012
  • In this paper an extension to an original active shape model(ASM) for facial feature extraction is presented. The original ASM suffers from poor shape alignment by aligning the shape model to a new instant of the object in a given image using a simple similarity transformation. It exploits only informations such as scale, rotation and shift in horizontal and vertical directions, which does not cope effectively with the complex pose variation. To solve the problem, new shape alignment with 6 degrees of freedom is derived, which corresponds to an affine transformation. Another extension is to speed up the calculation of the Mahalanobis distance for 2-D profiles by trimming the profile covariance matrices. Extensive experiment is conducted with several images of varying poses to check the performance of the proposed method to segment the human faces.