• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.184-191
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• 2015

In this paper, a normal mode reverberation model for a range-independent environment of shallow water is proposed to calculate the reverberation level in the low-frequency range. Normal mode is used to calculate the acoustic energy propagating from the source to the scattering area and from the scattering area to the receiver. Each mode is decomposed into up and down going waves to consider scattering strength at the scattering area. The scattering functional form combines Lambert's law with a Gaussian-like term near the specular direction based on Kirchhoff approximation considering bottom condition. For verification of the suggested model, the result is relatively compared to several solutions of the problem XI and XV in the Reverberation Modeling Workshop I sponsored by the US Office of Naval Research.