• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2018.01a
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• pp.159-162
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• 2018

본 논문에서는 언리얼 엔진4에서 제공하는 강력한 라이팅 세팅들에 대해서 분석하고, 월드 라이트 매스의 옵션, 라이트매스 임포턴스 볼륨, 리플렉션 캡쳐 등을 사용해 효과적으로 사실적인 라이팅을 얻어내는 방법에 대하여 연구하였다. 월드 라이트 매스의 옵션들은 월드 전역의 간접광, 간접 그림자 등에 영향을 미치며, 라이트매스 임포턴스 볼륨, 리플렉션 캡처를 통해 라이팅의 중요도와 세밀한 반사를 정의함으로서 베이크 타임을 현저하게 감소시키고 사실적인 결과를 얻는데 연구 목적이 있다. 전역적인 라이팅 세팅이 세밀하고 사실적인 라이팅을 얻어내는데에 얼마나 효과적인지를 게임 구현을 통해 보여주었다.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.145-150
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• 2011

Presently, mass concrete structures are being built in federal and private projects of civil infrastructures and building structures. The hydration heat of mass concrete structures is the most important factor in the quality of concrete matrix and construction period. Moreover, internal cracks caused by hydration heat degrades durability, water tightness, and strength of concrete. To reduce hydration heat, it is necessary to blend belite cement (${\beta}-C_2S$) with industrial by-products (i.e. granulated slag and fly ash). In this experiment, 14 levels of binary binders and 4 levels of ternary binders were used to understand the effect of different replacement ratio on hydration heat, strength and microstructure (i.e. SEM and XRD) of mortar. Cumulative hydration heat at 28 days for the binary and ternary binders was affected by replacement ratio of fly ash and/or granulated slag. As fly ash content increased, hydration heat decreased. As granulated slag content increased, reduction rate of the hydration heat was lower than when fly ash was used. Especially, the hydration heat of ternary binder blended with 40% flyash and 30% granulated slag showed about 50% of hydration heat from using belite cement (P). The study results showed that the temperature rise of concrete matrix can be decreased by using blended belite binders producing low hydration heat and reasonable strength.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.604-615
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• 2019

In this study, we produce a new type of the algae soil conditioner(ASC) using discarded algae biomass through a composting process and evaluate its nutritional characteristics. As the main ingredient, the ASCs used algae biomass collected through the coagulation-floating method and made by adding a variety of additional supporting materials (sawdust, pearlite, oilcake etc.). ASCs were divided into 0% in blank, 11.7% in ASC1, 21.6% in ASC2, 37.6% in ASC3, 59.5% in ASC4, and composted during 127 days. ASCs showed a sharp increase in temperature by aerobic microbial reaction, and 6~7 high and low temperature peaks were observed. As a result of physicochemical analysis, mineralization proceeded according to decomposing the organic matter and there was a marked increase not only in macronutrients (TN, P₂O₅, K₂O), but also in secondary macronutrients (CaO, MgO). The microbial community change was found in stage 1 (bacteria, filamentous fungi) → stage 2 (actinomycetes, bacteria) → stage 3 (Bacillus sp.), depending on the maturation process. It was estimated that microbial transition was closely related to temperature change and nutritional behavior. The quality of soil conditioner can be determined according to the maturity of compost process, and it was determined that effective microbial activity could be induced by controlling algae biomass below 59.5% in this study. In conclusion, we found out the possibility of manufacturing and utilizing soil conditioner recycled algae biomass and if further technological development is made on the basis it can be used as an effective soil conditioner.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.773-780
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• 2011

In this study, thermal stress analysis are carried out considering material properties, curing condition, ambient temperature, and casting date of the mass concrete placed in bottom slab and side wall of the in-ground type LNG tank as a super massive structure. Also, based on the numerical results, cracking possibility is predicted and counter measures to prevent the cracking are proposed. For the tasks, two optimum mix proportions were selected. From the results of the thermal stress analysis, the through crack index of 1.2 was satisfied for separately caste concrete lots except for the bottom slab caste in 2 separate sequences. For the double caste bottom slab, it is necessary introduce counter measures such as pre-cooling prior to the site construction. Also, another crack preventive measure is to lower the initial casting temperature by $25^{\circ}C$ or less to satisfy 1.2 through crack index criterion. In the $1^{st}$ and $2^{nd}$ caste bottom slab, the surface crack index was over 1.2. Therefore, the surface cracks can be controlled by implementing the curing conditions proposed in this study. Since the side wall's surface crack index was over 1.0, it is safe to assume that the counter preventive measures can control width and number of cracks.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.37 no.7
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• pp.432-440
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• 2015

Biochar, a by-product from pyrolysis of biomass, is a promising option to mitigate climate change by increasing soil carbon sequestration. This material is also considered to have potential to remediate a soil with heavy metal pollution by increasing the soil's adsorptive capacity. This study conducted the assessment of two biochars considering the climate change mitigation potential and heavy metal removal capacity at the same time. Two kinds of biochars (BC_Ch, TW_Ch) were prepared by pyrolyzing the biomass of burcucumber (BC_Bm) and tea waste (TW_Bm). The soils polluted with Pb were mixed with biochars or biomass and incubated for 60 d. During the incubation, $CO_2$, $CH_4$, and $N_2O$ were regularly measured and the soil before and after incubation was analyzed for chemical and biological parameters including the acetate extractable Pb. The results showed that only the BC_Ch treatment significantly reduced the amount of Pb after 60 d incubation. During the incubation, the $CO_2$ and $N_2O$ emissions from the BC_Ch and TW_Ch were decreased by 24% and 34% compared to the BC_Bm and TW_Bm, respectively. The $CH_4$ emissions were not significantly affected by biochar treatments. We calculated the GWP considering the production of amendment materials, application to the soils, removal of Pb, and soil carbon storage. The BC_Ch treatment had the most negative value because it had the higher Pb adsorption and soil carbon sequestration. Our results imply that if we apply biochar made from burcucumber, we could expect the pollution reduction and climate change mitigation at the same time.