• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.273-280
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of quadriceps setting exercise(N= 10) and electrical stimulation(N= 10) on improvement of quadriceps muscle strength. The experiment were performed for 6weeks. The subject of this study was 20 college students(male) who had not any medical problems. The quadriceps muscle strength was evaluated by make use of the KIN COM(Isokinetic dynamometer). The electrical stimulator was used to stimulate the quadriceps muscle. The results were as follows: 1. The mean increment ratio was 29.6% for concentric muscle strength and 36.4% for eccentric muscle strength after quadriceps setting exercise(p<0.05). 2. The mean increment ratio was 21.2% for concentric muscle strength and 24.3% for eccentric muscle strength after electrical stimulation, but did not significantly higher than pre-electrical stimulation In this study, we have found that quadriceps setting exercise on left side affect the improvement of the muscle strength in college students(male). However, electrical stimulation did not affect on the muscle strength.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.167-171
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• 1999

Objective: To investigate muscle strength after short term isotonic and isometric exercise. Method: Twenty two healthy men and women were randomly designed isometric and isotonic exercises. Each participant was asked to perform 10 sessions of isometric and isotonic exercises. The assessment measured pre and post 10 sessions exercises by Cybex 340. Result: Isometric exercise significantly increased by $60^{\circ}$/sec and isotonic exercise significantly increased by $120^{\circ}$/sec, $180^{\circ}$/sec. Isometric exercise and isotonic exercise increased by all speeds. Most increased at $120^{\circ}$/sec, $180^{\circ}$/sec by isometric exercise and $60^{\circ}$/see by isotonic exercise but not significantly. Conclusion: Short term isotonic and isometric exercise increase muscle strength. Even if the exercise session is short term, the sessions increase muscle strength.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.75-83
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate steady-state force depression following active muscle shortening in human tibialis anterior muscle during voluntary contractions. Subjects (n = 7; age $24{\sim}39$ years; 7 males) performed isometric reference contractions and isometric-shortening-isometric contractions, using maximal voluntary effort. Force depression was assessed by comparing the steady-state isometric torque produced following active muscle shortening with the purely isometric reference torque obtained at the corresponding joint angle. In order to test for effects of the shortening conditions on the steady-state force depression, the speed of shortening were changed systematically in a random order but balanced design. Ankle dorsiflexion torque and joint angle were continuously measured using a dynamometer. During voluntary contractions, muscle activation of the tibialis anterior and the medical gastrocnemius was recorded using surface electromyography. Force depression during voluntary contractions, with a constant level of muscle activation, was 12 %, on average over all subjects. Force depression was independent of the speeds of shortening ($13.8{\pm}2.9%$, $10.3{\pm}2.6%$ for 15 and 45 deg/sec over 15 deg of shortening, respectively). The results of this study suggest that steady-state force depression is a basic property of voluntarily-contracting human skeletal muscle and has functional implication to human movements.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.73-82
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• 2001

In order to study the effect of the isometric exercises on the flexibility. the strength and the waist and hip circumferences, 10 female university students who aged 22.10 ${\pm}$ 1.10 years were measured by sit-up for strength, and trunk flexion test and trunk lifting for flexibility, and also measured by waist and hip circumferences before and during, and after the Swiss ball exercise program. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS/PC WIN 7.0 version. and one-way repeated ANOVA Test, The results of the test were as shown; We found that the number of performing sit-up was increased. and the trunk flexion test and trunk lifting was increased, and the waist and hip circumferences were increased after the 6 weeks Swiss ball exercise program. These findings indicate that Isometric exercise using Swiss ball could be beneficial to the low back pain patients due to the effect of increasing strength and flexibility of the patients.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.31-38
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• 2008

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of both neuromuscular electrical stimulation(NMES) and isometrical exercise(IE) to strengthen the quadriceps femoris muscle. The relationships between the strength changes and the relative force and duration of training contractions were also studied. Methods : The subjects were divided into three group. The control group(n=6) received no exercise and/or stimulation. The isometric exercise (IE) group(n=6) performed maximum isometric contractions, and the neuromuscular electrical stimulation(NMES)(n=6) engaged electrically stimulated isometric contractions, three days a week for four weeks. Results : Results showed that both IE group and NMES group were found to have an increase in strength significantly greater(p<0.05) than the control group at 4 week. But between IE group and NMES group were not found to have an difference in strength significantly. Conclusion : The relative increase in isometric strength, using IE and NMES, may be determined by the ability of the subjects to tolerate longer and more forceful contractions. Suggestions for further research and implications for the clinical of IE and NMES for strength-training are discussed.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.67-74
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• 1994

Our purpose of this study was to determine the most effective cool-down exercise. The recovery times of dynamic strength after isometric and isotonic cool-down exercise were measured immediately post cool-down exercise, 30 seconds later and 60 seconds later in 30 normal, healthy men from 19 to 29 years, using dumbells(Model, Iron). The recovery time of dynamic strength had a significant positive correlation with isotonic and isometric cool-down exercise using the Chi-square method (p<0.01). Sources of significant differences were determined by the Wilcoxon signed-ranks test (p<0.01). The isometric cool-down exercise significantly shortened the recovery time of dynamic strength. We suggest that the isometric cool-down exercise may be more effective than isotonic cool-down exercise in shortening the recovery time of dynamic strength.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.32-41
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to suppose basis data the influence of different chair type and pelvic control on quadriceps muscle activity and strength during knee joint extension isometric exercise in hemiplegic patients. This research were investigated in ten healthy adults and tens hemipelgic patients. Surface electromyography (EMG) and Biodex system were used to collect kinematic data and muscle activity, respectively. Independent t-test, paired t-test and one-way repeated ANOVA were used to determine a statistical significance. The results showed as follows: (1) Posterior pelvic angles in healthy group and hemiplegic group were significantly different on isokinetic equipment (p<.05). (2) Different chair type and pelvic control on quadriceps muscle activity and strength were significantly different in hemiplegic patients (p<.05). From the result of this research, posterior pelvic angle control during knee joint extension isometric exercise in hemiplegic patients on isokinetic equipment is necessary to increase quadriceps muscle strength in hemiplegic patients.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.17-22
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• 2007

Purpose: To evaluate the quantitative isometric muscle strength of shoulder girdle and the test reliability using by the equipment, named 'IsoTrack', selected by authors in the former studies. Methods: Thirty healthy subjects (9 men, 21 women) were recruited in two sessions, one for intratester and intertester reliability tests and the other quantitative isometric muscle strength tests. The neck flexion, extension and scapular elevation muscle strength was measured using a force measuring device as IsoTract. Results: Intraclass correlation coefficients for intratester reliability of the all subjects ranging between 0.96 and 0.97. For intertester reliability, the ICC and Pearson correlation correspond to 0.84 and 0.78. We gauged muscle strength of shoulder girdle muscles based on it and indicated quantified isometric muscle strength of women and men in left and right side. Conclusion: We concluded that there were high reiliability of isometric muscle strength of neck and shoulder girdle. Also, we gauged muscle strength of shoulder girdle muscles based on it and indicated quantified isometric muscle strength in left and right side in women and men. So this findings may assist in the measure of whole body muscle strength.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.329-337
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• 2012

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to assess more effective exercise prescription for the people with chronic neck pain by comparing stretching exercise and isometric exercise about strength and pain. Method : The research design of the study was that 20 young adults with mild neck disability (5-14 out of 50 in Neck Disability Index) were randomized into 2 groups and underwent stretching exercise(10 peoples) and isometric exercise(10 peoples) at 3 times a week for 5weeks. Measures of pain scale (Visual Analog Scale) and Muscle strength of deep neck flexor (Pressure Biofeedback) were assessed before and after intervention. The pre and post exercise results were compared using paired t-test and the effectiveness of intervention of two groups were compared using Independent t test. Results : The results of this study were that pain reduction was seen after stretching and isometric exercise and significantly difference. There was significantly improvement of cervical flexor strength after stretching and isometric exercise. But, there was no significant difference between stretching and isometric exercise groups. Conclusion : The stretching and isometric exercise for chronic neck pain patients may use according to preference of patient because the effects of treatment was same. Further studies are needed to analyzed psycho social factors, cost effects, group approach.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.9-16
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• 2015

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to identify the effects of shoulder abduction strength and EMG activities of the selected scapular and shoulder muscles during isometric shoulder abduction. METHODS: Thirty-four healthy young females were recruited for this study. Surface EMG equipment with inline force sensor was used to determine the shoulder abductor strength and the activity of the serratus anterior (SA), upper trapezius (UT), lower trapezius (LT), and middle deltoid (MD) during three shoe heel height conditions: (1) barefoot, (2) 3-cm shoe heel height, and (3) 7-cm shoe heel height. RESULTS: Isometric shoulder strength showed statistically significant difference among the conditions (p<0.05), and post-hoc test showed lower strength during the 7-cm condition ($49.98{\pm}17.56kg$) than during the barefoot ($44.97{\pm}20.15kg$) and 3-cm conditions ($36.59{\pm}17.07kg$). Furthermore, EMG activities of the SA, UT, and MD appeared to be statistically significantly different among the conditions, with lower values in the 7-cm condition compared to the barefoot condition (p<0.05). EMG ratios (MD/UT and SA/UT) were lower during the 7-cm condition than during the barefoot condition (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that isometric shoulder abduction strength and EMG activities of scapular and shoulder muscles may be adversely changed with increasing shoe heel height.