• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.61-66
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• 1970

This study examined the morphology and physical and chemical characteristics of the Changpyeong series developed on gently sloping to rolling relief on dissected old paddiplains and terraces. This soil has dark brown silty clay loam A horizons, very thick dark red to red silty clay or clay Bt horizons, and C horizons of old alluvial materials frequently with strongly weathered round cobbles and pebbles. It is strongly acid with a low organic matter content, relatively low in cation exchange capacity, but with relatively high base-status based on amount of extractable cations. There is no obvious changes in particle size distribution with depth and textural B horizons probably have not been formed by podzolization but formed by mechanical movement of clay. This soil is classified as Typic Hapludalfs in USDA 7th approximation and Brunic Luvisols in FAO classification system.

• Proceedings of the Technology Innovation Conference
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• 2005.02a
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• pp.158-175
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• 2005

정부지원 R&D 프로그램에 대한 성과평가는 과학기술혁신을 위한 정부투자의 규모가 확대되면서 동시에 그 수요가 증가하고 있다. 본 연구는 국내외에서 시행되고 있는 정부 R&B 프로그램의 성과평가에 대한 체계를 비교분석함으로서 올바른 성과평가의 틀에 관한 시사점을 제공하는데 목적이 있다. 각 프로그램을 비교분석하기에 앞서 성과평가와 관련한 일반적인 이론들을 살펴봄으로써 R&D프로그램에 대한 성과평가가 갖추어야 할 이론적인 체계에 대해 살펴보았다. R&D 프로그램의 성과평가를 위해서는 R&D 활동 자체가 혁신시스템 안에서 수행되고, 집행과정에서 그 효과가 증폭되어 혁신시스템을 변화시킬 수도 있기 때문에 일반적인 정책평가 이론 외에도 혁신시스템 이론을 함께 고려할 필요가 있다. 혁신시스템적 사고방식하에서 올바른 성과평가를 수행하기 위해서는 일반적인 평가기준으로 서 제시되는 적합성, 효율성, 효과성의 각각에 대해 혁신시스템적 기여도에 대한 고려가 충실히 반영되어 있어야 한다. 예를 들어 혁신시스템의 모든 요소들을 포함하는지, 환경적인요인을 고려했는지, 혁신 요소들 간에 형성된 네트워크에 대해 충분한 고찰을 하고 있는지 등이 여기에 해당한다. 실증연구에서는 이러한 것들이 모두 반영되었는가에 초점을 맞춰 각 국가 별 R&D 프로그램에 대한 성과평가를 분석하였다. 분석 대상은 해외와 국내의 주요 R&D 프로그램으로 비교적 성과평가가 활발하게 진행되었던 사례들을 선정하였다. 이러한 평가에 대한 평가, 즉 메타평가를 통해 각 프로그램의 성과평가가 가지는 특성을 밝히고 이들을 비교하여 적절한시사점 이 도출하였다. 이들 사례를 비교 분석한다면 그 결과를 바탕으로 하여 혁신시스템을 고려한 성과평가의 일반적인 모형을 제시할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다. 나아가 추후에 진행될 R&D 프로그램에 대한 성과평가에서도 본 연구에서 제시한 일반 모형을 응용함으로써 조금 더 체계화된 성과평가가 이루어질 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.결과 관점간 가중치의 우선순위가 동일할 경우 현행 평가제도는 연구기관의 의견이 반영되었다고 볼 수 있으나, 검증결과 관점간 가중치가 다르게 나타났다. 또한, 추가적인 분석에서 연구회별 관점의 가중치와 소속 연구기관별 관점의 가중치를 분석한 결과 일부 연구기관에서는 연구회의 가중치와달리 나타났다. 따라서, 현행 기관평가제도는 일부 연구기관의 특성이 충분히 반영되지 않아서 유효한 평가제도로 볼 수 없다고 하겠다. 본 연구의 결과에 따라 출연연구기관의 기관평가지표에 대한 각 지표별 가중치와 지표 문항 개선시 유용한 자료로 활용되리라 본다.로 하기 때문에 원가를 절감할 수 있다.환경현안에 대한 정치경제적 접근을 외면하지 말고 교과서 저작의 소재로 삼을 수 있어야 하며, 이는 '환경관리주의'와 '녹색소비'에 머물러 있는 '환경 지식교육'과 실천을 한단계 진전시키는 작업으로 이어질 것이다. 이후 10년의 환경교육은 바로 '생태적 합리성'과 '환경정의'라는 두 '화두'에 터하여 세워져야 한다.배액에서 약해를 보였으나, 25% 야자지방산의 경우 50 ${\sim}$ 100배액 어디에서도 액해를 보이지 않았다. 별도로 적용한 시험에서, 토마토의 경우에도 25% 야자지방산 비누 50 ${\sim}$ 100배액 모두 약해를 발생하지 않았으나, 오이에서는 25% 야자지방산 비누 100배액에도 약해를 나타내었다. 12. 이상의 결과, 천연지방산을 이용하여 유기농업에 허용되는 각종의 살충비누를 제조할 수 있었으며, 방제가 조사결과 진딧물, 응애 등 껍질이 연약한 곤충의 방제에 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 제조된 살충비누를 활용하면 환경친화적인 해충방제가 가능하다고 판단되었다.능을 충진시켜서 암세포를 파괴시킨다. 또한 콜로니 자극인자인 사이토카인을 생산시켜서 면역담당세포의 신생을 촉진시키기도 하며, 암의 화학요법과 방사선 요법으로 저하된 백혈구를 회복시키는 역할을 한다. 따라서 최근의

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2010.02a
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• pp.128-128
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• 2010

중적외선 영역은 장애물에 의해서 파장의 흡수가 거의 일어나지 않기 때문에 적외선 소자에서 널리 이용되고 있다. 현재 대부분의 중적외선 소자에는 HgCdTe (MCT)가 사용되고 있지만, 3성분계 화합물이 가지는 여러 문제를 가지고 있다. 반면에, 2성분계 화합물인 인듐안티모나이드 (InSb)는 중적외선 영역 ($3-5\;{\mu}m$) 파장 대에서 HgCdTe와 대등한 소자 특성을 나타냄과 동시에 낮은 기판 가격, 소자 제작의 용이성, 그리고 야전과 우주 공간에서 소자 동작의 안정성 때문에 HgCdTe를 대체할 물질로 주목을 받고 있다. InSb는 미국과 이스라엘과 같은 일부 선진국을 중심으로 연구가 되었지만, 국방 분야의 중요한 소자로 인식되었기 때문에 소자 제작에 관한 기술적인 내용은 국내에 많이 알려지지 않은 상태이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 InSb 소자 제작의 기초연구로 절연막과 pn 접합 형성에 대한 연구를 수행하였다. 절연막의 특성을 알아보기 위해, InSb 기판위에 $SiO_2$와 $Si_3N_4$를 PECVD (Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition)로 증착을 하였다. 절연막의 계면 트랩 밀도는 77K에서 C-V (Capacitance-Voltage) 분석을 통하여 계산하였으며, Terman method 방법을 이용하였다.[1] $SiO_2$는 $120-200^{\circ}C$의 온도 영역에서 계면 트랩 밀도가 $4-5\;{\times}\;10^{11}cm^{-2}$범위를 가진 반면, $240^{\circ}C$의 경우 계면 트랩 밀도가 $21\;{\times}\;10^{11}cm^{-2}$로 크게 증가하였다. $Si_3N_4$는 $SiO_2$ 절연막에 비해서 3배 정도의 높은 계면 트랩 밀도 값을 나타내었으며. Remote PECVD 장비를 이용하여 $Si_3N_4$ 절연막에 관한 연구를 추가적으로 진행하여 $7-9\;{\times}\;10^{11}cm^{-2}$ 정도의 계면 트랩 밀도 값을 구할 수가 있었다. 따라서 InSb에 대한 절연막은 $200^{\circ}C$ 이하에서 증착된 $SiO_2$와 Remote PECVD로 증착 된 $Si_3N_4$가 적합하다고 할 수 있다. 절연막 연구와 더불어 InSb 소자의 pn 접합 연구를 진행하였다. n-InSb (100) 기판 ($n\;=\;0.2-0.85\;{\times}\;10^{15}cm^{-3}$ @77K)에 $Be^+$이온 주입하여 p층을 형성하여 제작 되었으며, 열처리 조건에 따른 소자의 특성을 관찰 하였다. $450^{\circ}C$에서 30초 동안 RTA (Rapid Thermal Annealing)공정을 진행한 샘플은 -0.1 V에서 $50\;{\mu}A$의 높은 암전류가 관찰되었으며, 열처리 조건을 60, 120, 180초로 변화하면서 소자의 특성 변화를 관찰하였다.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.23-33
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• 2015

This paper is results of numerical study for application of sheet pile retaining wall reinforced with H-pile as sheet piles are needed in field for a cutoff wall and are limited to use because of driveability in the ground condition of having a larger strength than a weathered rock. Extensive 101 cases of numerical approach were conducted to investigate the behavior of sheet pile retaining wall reinforced with H-pile, changing installing members of two types of sheet pile and three types of H-pile, the embedded depth of sheet pile and H-pile, the horizontal space between H-piles and excavation conditions. As the results of numerical analysis, combined use of the sheet pile SP-IIIA with H-Pile H250 and the sheet pile SP-IV with H-Pile H350 among precast products was found to be efficient since two members tended to reach allowable stresses simultaneously or have similar stress concentration ratios. Increased stiffness in reinforced sheet pile showed reduction of lateral displacement of wall. Embedded depth of sheet pile did not affect stability of wall significantly so that driving the penetrable depth of sheet pile should be enough to maintain stability of wall and satisfy purposes of cutoff and stiffness increase of wall.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.41-56
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to look into the location environment of prehistoric and ancient remains (hereinafter referred as remains) in Daejeon Area. For the purpose of this, out of remains reported in investigation areas so far with the object of remains (total 22 places) of New Stone Age -Proto Three Kingdom period, geographical and Geomorphological analysis was conducted. The results are like the following. Most of the remains are distributed over hills especially flat surface - semi-gentle slope of hills. The bed rocks of the remains (21 places, about 95%) are composed of double-mica granite. The remains (19 places, 86%) retain 'the 1st-2nd small scale river and '5th or higher medium scale river'within comparatively short distance at the same time. The average altitude of remains is 71m and most remains are located over the altitude of 50 - 90m. The average gradient of hillslop where the remains are located is $6.7^{\circ}$ and the remains (15 places, 71%) are located over the gradient of about $0-15^{\circ}$. And the tendency that the higher the gradient of remains the smaller the number of remains was confirmed. From the above, it is judged that the inhabitants who lived in Daejeon Area at that time preferred hills with comparatively not high altitude and the earth's surface of low gradient and in addition they recognized water (river) as being important when they selected the location of settlement (or dwelling sites group).

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.35-48
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• 2021

The Gumi basin, situated in the mid-southeastern Yeongnam Massif, has the Cretaceous stratigraphy that is divided into Gumi Formation, andesitic rocks (Yeongamsan Tuff, Busangni Andesite), rhyolitic rocks (Obongni Tuff, Doseongul Rhyolite, Geumosan Tuff) and Intrusives (ring dikes, other dikes) in ascending order. The Geumosan Tuff is composed mostly of many ash-flow tuffs which are associated with Geumosan caldera along with the ring dikes. The caldera is outlined by ring faults and dikes and has about 3.5 × 5.6 km in diameters. The intracaldera volcanics show a downsag structure that is dipped inward in their flow and welding foliations. The caldera block represent an asymmetric subsidence, which drops 350 m in the northern margin and 600 m in the southern one. Based on these data, the Geumosan caldera is geometrically classified as an asymmetric piston subsidence caldera that suggests a single caldera cycle. The caldera reflects the piston subsidence of the caldera block bounded by the outward-dipping ring faults following a voluminous eruption of magma from the chamber. The downsag in the caldera block refers to the downsagging during the initial subsidence at the same time as the full development of the bound fault. In the ring fissures following the sagging, magma was injected due to the overpressure of magma chamber caused by subsidence.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.165-175
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• 2022

Earthquakes have occurred owing to movements on a fault since several billion years ago. Research on the relationship between earthquakes and groundwater began in the 1960s in the United States, but related works, including hydrogeochemistry research, only began in the 2010s in South Korea. In this study, domestic studies on the relationship between earthquakes and groundwater until 2021 were collected from the Web of Science and characterized by subject area (groundwater level, hydrogeochemistry, combination of the two, and others). The results showed that the number of published articles per year was positively correlated with the 2011 Tohoku earthquake, 2016 Gyeongju earthquake, and 2017 Pohang earthquake, with the maximum numbers observed in 2011, 2018, 2019, and 2020. Most studies on the relationship between earthquakes and groundwater level addressed groundwater level fluctuations in the duration of the subject earthquake, with little consideration of the precursors. Groundwater level monitoring data, as well as hydrogeochemical information and microbial communities, may contribute to a more detailed understanding of groundwater flow and chemical reactions in bedrock caused by earthquakes. Therefore, the establishment of a national groundwater monitoring network for seismic monitoring and prediction is required.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.210-221
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• 2022

This study investigated the mechanisms underlying the anti-cancer effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in human cancer cells in combination with either N-[N-(3, 5-difluorophenacetyl)-L-alanyl]-S-phenylglycine t-butyl ester (DAPT), a γ-secretase inhibitor, or MHY2245, a new synthetic sirtuin 1 inhibitor. The results showed both DAPT and MHY2245 as novel chemosensitizers of human colon cancer KM12 and human hepatocellular carcinoma SNU475 cells to NSAIDs involving celecoxib and 2, 5-dimethyl celecoxib. The NSAID-induced cytotoxicity of these cells was significantly increased by DAPT and MHY2245 in a cyclooxygenase-2 independent manner. In addition, DAPT and MHY2245 reduced levels of p62, Notch1 intracellular domain, and multiple cancer stemness (CS)-related markers including Notch1, CD44, CD133, octamer-binding transcription factor 4, mutated p53 and c-Myc. However, the level of activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) was enhanced, probably indicating the down-regulation of multiple CS-related markers by DAPT or MHY2245-mediated autophagy induction. Moreover, the NSAID-mediated reduction of p62/nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 and CS-related marker proteins and the up-regulation of C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP)/ATF4 were accelerated by DAPT and MHY2245. As such, the combination of NSAID and either DAPT or MHY2245 resulted in higher cytotoxicity than NSAID alone by accelerating the down-regulation of multiple CS-related markers and PARP activation, indicating that both inhibitors promote NSAID-mediated autophagic cell death, possibly through the CHOP/ATF4 pathway. In conclusion, either combination strategy may be useful for the effective treatment of human cancer cells expressing CS-related markers.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.62 no.3
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• pp.274-280
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• 2024

Machine learning techniques utilizing neural networks have been employed in various fields such as disease gene discovery and diagnosis, drug development, and prediction of drug-induced liver injury. Disease features can be investigated by molecular information of DNA. In this study, we developed a neural network to predict the length of DNA and the number of DNA species in mixture solution which are representative molecular information of DNA. In order to address the time-consuming limitations of gel electrophoresis as conventional analysis, we analyzed the dynamic data of a microfluidic concentrating device. The dynamic data were reconstructed into a spatiotemporal map, which reduced the computational cost required for training and prediction. We employed a convolutional neural network to enhance the accuracy to analyze the spatiotemporal map. As a result, we successfully performed single DNA length prediction as single-variable regression, simultaneous prediction of multiple DNA lengths as multivariable regression, and prediction of the number of DNA species in mixture as binary classification. Additionally, based on the composition of training data, we proposed a solution to resolve the problem of prediction bias. By utilizing this study, it would be effectively performed that medical diagnosis using optical measurement such as liquid biopsy of cell-free DNA, cancer diagnosis, etc.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.674-684
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• 1999

Background : It has been generally known that the incidence of lung cancer is higher in the patients with idopathic pumonary fibrosis (IPF) than those in general population. The reported incidence was variable from 4.8 to 43.2%. There were controversies on the most frequent cell type (squamous cell carcinoma vs. adenocarcinoma) and no study was done about the real concordance of cancer and the fibrotic lesion. And the pulmonary fibrosis may influence not only the development of cancer but also the treatment and prognosis of the cancer, but there was no report on that point. Method : Total 63 patients ($66.8{\pm}7.8$ year, M : F=61 : 2) were diagnosed as IPF combined with lung cancer (IFF-CA) at Asan Medical Center. A retrospective analysis was done about the risk factors of the lung cancer, pulmonary function test, the site of cancer(especially the relationship of the cancer with the fibrotic lesion), the histologic types, and the stage of cancer. The histologic types were compared with those of 2,660 patients with lung cancer who were diagnosed at the same institute for the same period. The effect of IPF on the treatment of the cancer was evaluated with the survival time after the detection of lung cancer. Results : The lung cancer was found in 63(22.9%) out of 281 patients with IPF. But in most of them(45 patients), lung cancer was detected at the same time with IPF and only in 18 patients, the cancer was diagnosed during the follow-up($25.2{\pm}17.7$ months) of IPF. So in our study, 6.7% of patients with IPF developed lung cancer during the course of the disease. The age ($66.8{\pm}7.84$ vs. $63.4{\pm}11.1$ years), percentage of smoker (88.9 vs. 67.2%), and the male gender (96.8 vs. 67.6%) were significantly higher in IPF-CA compared with lone IPF (p<0.05). The odds ratio of smoking was 4.7 compared with non smoking IPF controls. The lung cancer was located more frequently in the upper lobe and 55.5% was in the periphery of lung. The cancer was developed in the fibrotic lesion in 23 patients (35.9%), and in the majority of the patients, the cancer was separated from the fibrosis. The cell type of the lung cancer in IPF-CA was squamous cell carcinoma 34.9%, adenocarcinoma 30.2%, small cell carcinoma 19.0%, large cell undifferenciated carcinoma 6.3%, and others 9.5%. No significant difference in the distribution of histologic type of the lung cancer was found between IPF-CA and lone lung cancer. There was no significant difference in demographic features, cell types, location and the stage of the cancer between the group with concurrent IPF-CA and the group with cancer diagnosed during the follow up of IPF. There was a tendency (but statistically not significant : p=0.081) of higher incidence of adenocarcinoma among the cancers developed in the fibrotic area(43.5%) (F-CA) than in the cancers in non-fibrotic area (22.5%) (NF-CA). The prognosis of the patients with F-CA was poor (median survival : 4 months) compared with the patients with NF-CA (7 months, p=0.013), partly because the prevalence of severe IPF (the extent of fibrosis in HRCT 50%) was higher in F-CA group. Conclusion : These data suggest that the lung cancer in the patients with IPF has similar features to the ordinary lung cancer.