• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.88-95
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• 2009

Purpose: p53 and bcl-2 are important markers of apoptosis. The expression of p53 and bcl-2 in gastric adenocarcinoma was examined in relation to prognosis and survival rate. Materials and Methods: The clinicopathologic data from 238 patients who underwent gastrectomies for gastric adenocarcinoma between December 1999 and July 2007 were reviewed. Immunohistochemical staining of gastric adenocarcinoma tissues embedded in paraffin blocks was performed using an Envision kit (DAKO, Glostrup, Denmark). Statistical comparisons were made between age, gender, tumor invasion, lymph node metastasis, TNM stage, Lauren's classification, cell differentiation, and the relationship with p53 and bcl-2. Results: The expression of p53 was related to cell differentiation (P=0.028) and UICC TNM stage (P<0.001). The expression of bcl-2 was related to UICC TNM stage (P=0.005). The co-expression of p53 and bcl-2 was related to UICC TNM stage (P=0.002). The co-expression group exhibited a greater reduction in the survival rate (P=0.001). Conclusion: The expression of p53 and bcl-2 nuclear proteins has significant relationships with other conventional prognostic factors and the survival rate. bcl-2 will be characterized through analysis of a greater number of patients and comparison with survival data over a longer period of time.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.231-238
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• 1996

Several types of human lung and pancreatic carcinoma cell lines were cultured and their chromosomal DNAs were extracted. These DNAs were then partially amplified by PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) and sequenced to analyze the types and frequency of mutations, and their possible relation in the oncogene, K-ras and suppressor gene, p53. Regardless of the cell line origin, 81% were found to possess at least one mutation. Among the cell lines analyzed, 54.5% of the mutations were found in either K-ras or p53. Except for one nonsense mutation, all mutations were missense with either base insertions or substitutions. Furthermore, besides the p53 codons Known to be mutated simultaneously with' ras to enhance tumor growth, p53 164-165 and 248 were found to be mutated simultaneously with K-ms. Regardless of the site of p53 mutation, all K-ras mutations found in these cases occurred at exon 1, codon 12.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.163-178
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• 2001

Granite gneiss, pophyroblastic gneiss and leucocratic gneiss are widely distributed in the Seungju-Suncheon area, the southwestern part of the Sobacksan Massif, Korea. These orthogneisses show intrusive relationships in outcrops of the study area. This study focuses on the geochemical properties and the tectonic environments for the original rocks of these orthogneisses. The pophyroblastic gneiss is plotted in diorite and granodiorite domain, and granite gneiss and leucocratic gneiss are plotted in both of granodiorite and granite domains on lUGS silica-alkali diagram. Geochemical properies of major elements suggest that these rocks are sub-alkali rock series, and were formed from S-type magma which generated in syn-collision tectonic environment. Discrimination diagrams using HFS elements suggest that original rocks of the three orthogneisses were granitoid of calc-alkali rock series, and were formed in syn-collision environment.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.436-438
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• 2003

Multiple primary lung cancer is classified into a synchronous primary lung cancer or a metachronous primary lung cancer. Both are rarely encountered disease entities. We report our surgical experience of each one case of synchronous and metachronous primary lung cancer.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.34-42
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• 2007

[ $\underline{Purpose}$ ]: We performed a retrospective non-randomized clinical study of locally advanced rectal cancer, to evaluate the anal sphincter preservation rates, down staging rates and survival rates of preoperative chemoradiotherapy. $\underline{Materials\;and\;Methods}$: From January 2002 to December 2005, patients with pathologically confirmed rectal cancer with clinical stage T2 or higher, or patients with lymph node metastasis were enrolled in this study. A preoperative staging work-up was conducted in 36 patients. All patients were treated with preoperative chemoradiotherapy, and curative resection was performed for 26 patients at Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital. Radiotherapy treatment planning was conducted with the use of planning CT for all patients. A total dose of $45.0{\sim}52.2\;Gy$ conventionally fractionated three-dimensional radiotherapy was delivered to the whole pelvis. Chemotherapy was given at the first and fifth week of radiation therapy with continuous infusion i.v. 5-FU (Fluorouracil) and LV (Leucovorine). Surgical resection was performed 2 to 4 weeks after the completion of the chemoradiotherapy regimen. $\underline{Results}$: The complete resection rate with negative resection margin was 100% (26/26). However, a pathologically complete response was not seen after curative resection. Surgery was done by LAR (low anterior resection) in 23 patients and APR (abdomino-perineal resection) in 3 patients. The sphincter preservation rate was 88.5% (23/26), down staging of the tumor occurred in 12 patients (46.2%) and down-sizing of the tumor occurred in 19 patients (73%). Local recurrence after surgical resection developed in 1 patient, and distant metastasis developed in 3 patients. The local recurrence free survival rate, distant metastasis free survival rate, and progression free survival rate were 96.7%, 87% and 83.1%, respectively. Treatment related toxicity was minimal except for one grade 3, one grade 4 anemia, one grade 3 leukopenia, and one grade 3 ileus. $\underline{Conclusion}$: Preoperative concurrent chmoradiotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer seems to have some potential benefits: high sphincter preservation and down staging. Treatment related toxicity was minimal and a high compliance with treatment was seen in this study. Further long-term follow-up with a larger group of patients is required.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.293-299
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• 2000

Purpose :We conducted a prospective non-randomized clinical study to evaluate the efficacy and toxic of the preoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced unresectable rectal cancer. Materials and Methods: Between January 1995 and June 1998, 37 conecutive patients with locally unresectable advanced rectal cancer were entered into the study. With 3- or 4- fields technique, a total of 45 Gy radiation was delivered on whole pelvis, followed by 5.4 Gy boost to the primary tumor in some cases. Chemotherapy was done at the first and fifth week of radiation with bolus i.v. 5-Fluorouracil (FU) 370$\~$450 mg/m$^{2}$, days 1$\~$5, plus Leucovorin 20 mg/m$^{2}$, days 1$\~$5. OF 37 patients, 6 patients did not receive all planned treatment course (refusal in 4, disease progression in 1, metastasis to lung in 1). Surgical resection was undergone 4$\~$6 weeks after preoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Results :Complete resection rate with negative margins was 94$\%$ (29/31). Complete response was seen in 7 patients (23$\%$) clinically and 2 patients (6$\%$) pathologically. Down staging of tumor occured in 21 patients (68$\%$). Treatment related toxicity was minimal except grade III & IV leukopenia in 2 patients, respectively. Conclusion : Preoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer was effective in inducing down staging and complete resection rate. Treatment related toxicity was minimal. Further follow up is on-going to determine long term survival following this treatment.

• Journal of Digestive Cancer Reports
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.71-75
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• 2020

Esophageal cancer is easy to infiltrate and metastasize because esophagus does not have serosa, and is difficult to remove it because esophagus is in the middle of the chest. Because of this, treatments of esophageal cancer do not always follow the guideline. In this situation, efforts to increase treatment efficiency and improve survival rate through multidisciplinary treatment are increasing. In this case, we report the patient with three superficial esophageal cancers (one in cervical esophagus and two in thoracic esophagus). The patient was treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy instead of surgery through multidisciplinary discussion. The patient reached a complete remission through this discussion. This case is intended to inform the usefulness of multidisciplinary treatment in patients with esophageal cancer.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.1-3
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• 2003

최근 생물정보 기술이 암 진단의 새로운 방법으로 관심을 모으고 있다. 다양한 기계학습 기법을 적용하여 우수한 결과를 얻고 있지만, 의학 분양에서는 정확률이 높은 분류기의 획득과 동시에 획득된 분류규칙을 분석하고 이해할 수 있어야 한다. 생물정보 기술에서 많이 사용되는 유전발현 데이터는 데이터내에 수천 내지 수만의 변수가 존재하여 직접 이들 사이의 복잡한 관계를 표현하고 이해하는 것은 매우 어렵다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 어려움을 극복하기 위해 유전발현 데이터에서 분류에 유용한 특징들을 추출하고 유전자 프로그래밍으로 추출된 특징들을 이용한 암 분류규칙을 생성한다. 림프종 유전발현 데이터에 대하여 실험해본 결과, 90% 수준의 인식 성능을 보였고, 또한 모든 샘플을 완벽하게 분류하는 산술 분류규칙을 발견하였다.

• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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• 2012.07a
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• pp.514-515
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• 2012

본 논문에서는 인버터 모드 기능을 가지는 Quasi Z-소스 AC-AC 컨버터를 제안하였다. 제안된 시스템은 Quasi Z-소스 AC-AC 컨버터의 암단락 스위치 단에 PI제어가 된 양 방향 벅-부스트 컨버터를 연결하였다. 양방향 벅-부스트 컨버터에서 직류를 입력하는 모드를 인버터 모드라고 하고, 양방향 벅-부스트 컨버터에서 직류를 출력하는 모드는 컨버터 모드라고 한다. PSIM시뮬레이션에 의하여 인버터 모드 동작 시에는 직류 12V를 암단락 스위치단에 입력하여 AC_Load에 교류 전압를 출력하고, 컨버터 모드 동작 시에는 AC_Load에 교류 전압를 출력함과 동시에 암단락 스위치단에 연결된 DC_Load에 직류 전압을 일정하게 출력할 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.34 no.10
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• pp.805-808
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• 2001

The synchronous primary lung cancer is very rare cancer, proportion of synchronous lung cancer is about 1∼2% of total lung cancer, When pathologic type is same, preoperative diagnosis is very difficult and it may be misdiagnosed as lung to lung metastasis. We have experienced synchronous primary lung cancer of heterogenous squamous cell carcinoma.