• International Area Studies Review
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.145-166
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• 2009

This paper uses 192 urban data in 1990-2005, and Carlino model, estimate urban agglomeration economies, that is urbanization economies. The results of estimation of urban agglomeration economies suggests that the h value of 145 urban bigger than 1, and h value of 47 urban smaller than 1, that is most of urban has the positive urbanization economies. But the regional disparity is serious, Eastern region's urban agglomeration is obvious, and North-eastern region's urban agglomeration economies is not obvious, appears urban disagglomeration economies. For analyzing the relation between urban agglomeration economies and urban scale, this paper tested the function of urban agglomeration economies. The results suggests that urban agglomeration economies and urban scale has not the inverse U-type function.

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 1999.10a
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• pp.59-60
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• 1999

20세기 후반 소비문화의 확산과 더불어 자동차 문화가 보편화되면서 전세계적으로 고농도 오존이 문제되고 있다. 1940년대 LA 지역에서 광화학 오염현상이 처음 발견된 이래 1970, 80년대 본격적으로 연구 투자가 이루어지는 동안 LA 지역의 이상적 기후와 오존 농도 변화는 광화학 오염의 전형이었다. 그러나 1990년대 들어, 지역규모의 오염물질 이동에 따른 광역 오염 (미국 동부), 종관풍이 약할 때 오염물질이 정체되며 발생하는 국지 오염 (유럽), 산성비 연구 과정에서 밝혀지기 시작한 강우와 구름의 영향들이 알려지며 오존 오염은 당초에 생각하였던 것보다 훨씬 복합적인 문제임을 인식하게 되었다.(중략)

• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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• v.18 no.6 s.84
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• pp.85-92
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• 2003

중국은 경제개방 이후 남부 및 동부 연해를 중심으로 고도성장을 이룩하였으나 서부지역은 개발이 지체되어 지역격차가 심화되었다. 중국정부는 균형발전과 내수진작 및 소수민족 거주지역의 정치안정을 도모하기 위해 서부대개발을 추진하고 있다. 4대프로젝트(천연가스 연결, 수력발전소 건설, 양자강수로 황하연결, 환경보호 위한 식목사업) 외의 정보통신부문은 IT 기술 확대적용, 정보화 촉진, 광대역 네트워크 구축, 무한의 광통신밸리, 사천성의 서부실리콘밸리, 서안의 중국판 실리콘밸리 구축 등이 있고, 시장확대와 신규수요 창출로 우리에게 새로운 기회를 제공하고 있다.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.25-40
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• 2001

In order to investigate the degree of heavy metal pollution, 280 urban gully-pot sediments were collected from 13 localities in eastern part of Seoul. The uncontaminated stream sediments were also studied for comparison. A series of studies have carried out concerning the physicochemical characteristics of the sediments and the distribution of Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn. Total metal concentrations of gully-pot sediments and uncontaminated stream sediments were analyzed using acid extraction. After predigestion with $NHO_3$, the sample was digested with mixed acid ($NHO_3$-$HClO_4$). The gully-pot sediments were characterized by very high concentrations of Zn, Cu, Pb and Cr, indicating an anthropogenic contribution of these metals to the sediment chemistry Heavy metal concentrations in the gully-pot sediments were 1-329 times higher than the mean content of metals in the uncontaminated stream sediments, depending on the metals. In particular, the highest mean concentrations of Zn, Cu, Pb and Cr were noticed in the gully-pot sediments from Yeouido, Junggu, Junggu, and Dongdaemungu, respectively. The mean value of total Zn concentration in the business and commercial areas is 2-3.5 times higher than that in industrial areas. This suggests that Zn is mainly derived from automobiles (rubber of automobile tires). The mean concentrations of Cu and Cr are significantly high in the commercial and industrial areas, indicating that industrial activities may cause the accumulation of Cu and Cr in the sediments. The Pb level in gully-pot sediments is comparatively low, due to the use of unleaded gasoline in automobiles since 1987.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.11 no.11
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• pp.4228-4233
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• 2010

This study analyzed the positional accuracy of cadastral control points where central datum points and eastern datum points meet in the area of standard datum of geographic coordinate, in order to suggest the possibility of converting cadastral coordinates into global coordinates in the future in areas between cadastral datum. 12 GPS observation data points were extracted from the station of triangulation in the experimental area, and the accuracy of coordinate conversions in the area where central and eastern datum points meet was analyzed. The results show that the x-coordinate RMSE was ${\pm}0.0014m$ and the y-coordinate RMSE was ${\pm}0.0011m$. Such excellent results indicated that it is possible to convert to the global coordinate system. Thus, in converting to the global coordinate system, it appears possible to convert even borderline datum point areas if points with stable outcomes are selected by inspecting various triangulation markers, then used to carry out the conversion.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.79-89
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• 2005

Groundwater level changes in coastal aquifers occur due to oceanic tides, where the properties of oceanic tides can be applied to estimate hyadraulic parameters. Hydraulic parameters of coastal aquifers located in eastern part of Jeju island were estimated using the tidal response technique. Groundwater level data from a saltwater intrusion monitoring well system was used which showed tidal effects from 3 to 5 km. The hydraulic gradient was assessed by utilizing the filtering method from 71 consecutive hourly water-level observations. Calculated hydraulic diffusivity ranged from 2.94${\times}10^7m^2d^{-1}$ to 4.36${\times}10^7m^2d^{-1}$ . The hydraulic gradient of the coastal aquifer area was found to be ~$10^{-4}$, whereas the gradient of the area between wells Handong-1 and 2 was found to be ~$10^{-6}$, which is very low comparatively. Analysis of groundwater monitoring data showed that groundwater levels are periodically higher near coastal areas compared to that of inner land areas due to oceanic tide influences. When assessing groundwater flow direction in coastal aquifers it is important to consider tidal fluctuation.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.255-263
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• 2014

Conflict minerals refer to minerals mined in conditions of armed conflict, especially as in the eastern provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The common conflict minerals are cassiterite, wolframite, coltan(columbite-tantalite ore), and gold, which are mined and extracted from the Eastern Congo. These minerals are essentially used in the manufacture of a variety of devices, including consumer electronics. To end the violent conflict in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and in surrounding countries, it is necessary to block the supply route of conflict minerals which has been partially financed by the exploitation and trade of conflict minerals. The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, passed into law in July 2010 and it contains requirements that U.S. companies report to the Securities and Exchange Commission(SEC) on the origin of conflict minerals and show due diligence of OECD. The goal of the act is to cut direct and indirect funding of armed groups engaged in conflict.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.11-23
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• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate the distribution of vascular plants in five islands of Jisimdo, Naedo, Yoondoldo, Songdo and Galdo in East Hallyeohaesang National Park. The Islands were surveyed from 2010 to 2011. The flora was classified to as: Jisimdo, 246 taxa; 85 families, 195 genus, 219 species, 3 subspecies, 24 varieties and 2 forma. Naedo, 143 taxa; 72 families, 127 genus, 131 species, 12 varieties. Yoondoldo, 84 taxa; 56 families, 73 genus, 219 species, 1 subspecies, 10 varieties. Songdo, 70 taxa; 33 families, 63 genus, 64 species, 6 varieties and Galdo, 93 taxa; 47 families, 84 genus, 84 species, 1 subspecies, 7 varieties, and 1 forma. Thus, a total of 380 taxa; 105 families, 272 genus, 334 species, 3 subspecies, 39 varieties and 4 forma were observed. A total of 8 and 6 taxa were found to be rare plants in surveyed areas and endemic to Korea, respectively. Distribution of floristic special plants in the surveyed area was divided into five classes (class I-V), 42 taxa; were in class I, 1 taxa; was in class II, 25 taxa; were in class III, 4 taxa; were in class IV and 4 taxa; were in class V. Total floristic special plants were 76 taxa.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.55 no.12
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• pp.1011-1020
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• 2022

Previous studies for the assessment of submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) were perfomed for areas where a large amount of SGD was observed. Newly developed assessment methods were proposed that was based on an analytic solution using sharp interface model. The proposed mathematical equations used the existing observed groundwater level and hydrogeological data of Jeju Island as input data. The quantitatively assessed FSGD values were compared to the basin-scale recharge estimation values in Seong-San area in eastern Jeju. As a result of the study, it was estimated that the amount of FSGD in the Seongsan area ranges from about 2.65 to 9.15% of the amount of areal-recharge. Through the analysis of the FSGD combined with the analytic model, it is to be provided as a scientific tool to establish a more reasonable coastal water resource management plan.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.101-108
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• 2016

Lead isotope ratio of bronze artifacts excavated from Dongchon Site in Sunchang have determined by TIMS. As results of comparison lead isotope ratio of bronze objects with the provenance data of galenas of Korea, China, and Japan, the provenance of three material of bronze objects were turned out to originate from the southern and northern part of China. On the other hands, data were plotted either in zone 3 of the South Korean galena map. The results of these scientific analysis of bronze objects can be used as basic data in comparison researches on manufacturing technology, provenance of bronze objects to be found in the future.