• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.1192-1207
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to clarify the dynamic relationships among risk factors of arteriosclerosis and to develop and examine a model which could explain this relationship clearly. Data were collected from medical records of 400 male clients who visited a university hospital located in Inchon for physical examinations, from May 1996 to December 1996. Data were analyzed using the LISREL (Linear Structural Relationship) 8 program. To test the fitness of the hypothesized model, chi-square, RMSR (root mean square residual), GFI (goodness of fit index), CN (critical number) and Q-plot were used. Most of the fitness measurements, except the chi-square showed that the hypothesized model complimented the real data. According to the results, there were trends that obesity and hyperlipidemia were prevalent in heavier smokers, higher alcohol intakers, and groups who excercised less. Also, hypertension was more prevalent in older age, higher alcohol intaker, and higher serum lipid level groups. In contrast to the hypothesis, alcohol intake did not significantly affect serum lipid levels. This might be due to the serum lipid measurements (total cholesterol and trigryceride) used in this study to estimate hyperlipidemia. The direct effect of smoking on hypertension was not significant. However, the total effect of smoking on the hypertension was significant since indirect effects of smoking on hypertension, such as obesity and hyperlipidemia, were significant. The total effect of obesity on hypertension was significant since the indirect effect of obesity on hypertension via hyperlipidemia was significant, although the direct effect of smoking on hypertension was not significant. The degree of explaining hyperlipidemia with smoking, exercise, and obesity was high (60%), however, the degree of explaining obesity with age, smoking, alcohol intake, and exercise was very low (7%). On the basis of these results, high risk factors of arteriosclerosis such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, or obesity are either directly or indirectly correlated each other. Therefore, it is difficult to predict outcomes for increasing or decreasing the risk factors by simply modulating a factor. Smoking, alcohol, and exercise both directly and indirectly affected major risk factors of arteriosclerosis. Therefore, correcting these variables is required to decrease risk factors. Finally, the relationship among other risk factors which have been known to be related with arteriosclerosis (diet, stress or hereditary) should be clarified in further studies.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.51-56
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• 1983

The recent work on symptomatology and therapy of essential fatty acid (EFA) deficience has been reviewed. EFA deficiency is due to an absence of dietary linoleic acid which cannot be synthesized endogenously in man. The diagnosis of EFA deficiency is based on clinical features such as the appearance of scaly skin rash, sparse hair growth or failure to thrive, which occur late in the course of EFA deficiency and biochemical features occurring within two weeks of fat-free diet. The amount of linoleic acid required to prevent EFA deficiency varies with age of the patient and route of fat administration.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.480-486
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• 2009

Background: The Fogarty thromboembolectomy catheter technique was devised to extract distal arterial emboli and it represents a milestone for the treatment of patients with acute arterial occlusion since the 1960s. The major causes of arterial occlusion have changed from emboli of a heart origin to atherosclerosis over the past 30 years. Accordingly, questions have been raised about the effectiveness of simple Fogarty thromboembolectomy. Material and Method: During the period from March 1990 through August 2008, 156 patients who requiring Fogarty thromboembolectomy were analyzed. The patients were divided into two groups: those with simple Fogarty thromboembolectomy (Group 1, 79 patients) and those with additional vascular bypass graft surgery (Group 2, 77 patients). The duration of symptoms, the cause of thrombi, admission via the emergency room, a history of acupuncture or misdiagnosis, combined diseases, the anatomic occlusion site and the cause of death were analyzed using T-tests, cross tab tests, Chi square tests and Kaplan-Meier tests, respectively. Result: The mean age was 64$\pm$10 years in the 2 groups. The duration of symptoms (pain) in Group 1 vs Group 2 was 12$\pm$4 days vs 71$\pm$14 days (p=0.001). 50 (63%) patients in Group 1 were admitted via the emergency room vs 18 (23%) patients in Group 2 (p=0.005). Misdiagnosis and the treatment for herniated intervertebral disc or acupuncture were given to, 20 (25%) patients in Group 1 vs 30 (39%) patients in Group 2. Anticoagulation treatment before admission was performed in 22 (28%) patients in Group 1 vs 11 (14%) patients in Group 2. The causes of thrombi were heart disease in, 24 (30%) patients in Group 1 vs 6 (8%) patients in Group 2 (p=0.001), atherosclerosis in 46 (58%) patients in Group 1 vs 67 (87%) patients in Group 2 (p=0.001) and trauma in 9 (11%) patients in Group 1 vs 6 (8%) patients in Group 2. The combined diseases were cerebrovascular accident, hypertension and diabetes mellitus in 22 $\sim$ 37% of the total patients. The occlusion sites were mainly in the iliac and femoral arteries. Endarterectomy was performed in 7 (9%) patients in Group 1 vs 18 (23%) patients in Group 2 (p=0.012). Treatment was successful in 27 (34%) patients in Group 1 and in 40 (52%) patients in Group 2 (p=0.019). Reocclusion occurred in 37(47%) patients in Group 1 vs 20 (26%) patients in Group 2 (p=0.000), Amputation was done in 4 (5%) patients in Group 1 vs 12 (16%) patients in Group 2 (p=0.012) and death occurred in 10 (13%) patients (Group 1) vs 3(4%) patients (Group 2) (p=0.044). Conclusion: The recent past has shown a decline in the effectiveness of simple Fogarty thromboembolectomy with a changing pattern of acute arterial occlusion from a rheumatic heart origin to atherosclerosis. Additional bypass procedures play a role for the treatment of arterial occlusion instead of always performing simple Fogarty thromboembolectomy.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.53-58
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• 2009

Background: The goal of this study was to compare the patency and complications of femoropopliteal bypass with superficial femoral artery stenting for patients with atherosclerotic superficial femoral artery occlusive disease. Material and Method: Between July 2005 and July 2008, we reviewed 29 femoropopliteal bypass procedures (24 patients) with prosthetic grafts (the bypass group) and 19 superficial femoral artery stentings (15 patients) with nitinol stent (the stent group). There were 35 male patients (89.7%) and the mean age of the patients was 69.2 years (range: 48~84). The number of patients who had DM, hypertension and a smoking history was 25 patients (64.1%), 17 patients (43.6%) and 30 patients (76.9%), respectively. 23 (59.0%) patients had skin ulceration or tissue gangrene at admission. Result: There were 27 cases (93.0%) of TASC C&D lesion in the bypass group and 16 cases (84.2%) of TASC A&B lesion in the stent group. There were significant differences for the indications for a procedure between the two groups (p<0.01). The primary patency rates at 6 months, 12 months and 24 months were 91.9%, 79.7% and 79.7% for the bypass group and 93.3%, 86.2% and 86.2% for the stent group, respectively. There were no statistical difference between the two groups (p=0.48). Conclusion: There were no significant differences in the outcome between two groups. TASC C&D lesion and failed intervention therapy should be treated with femoropopliteal bypass surgery, and TASC A&B lesion and the high-risk patients should be treated with femoral artery stent insertion.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.262-265
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• 1998

A retrospective analysis was performed on the 72 cases of peripheral artery occlusive disease treated at Yonsei Medical School Yongdong Severance Hospital, from March 1, 1990, through July 31, 1992, focusing on the operative procedures, surgical results and perioperative complications. The etiologic causes of vascular obstruction were atherosclerosis in 28 cases, Buerger's disease in 31, traumatic orgin in 7, operative complications in 4, and malignancy and arteritis in one case each. Treatment modalities, actually performed include bypass graft.(27), infusion of PGE1 (23), Embolectomy (16), Sympathectomy (4) and end-to-end anastomosis (2). There were 21 satisfactory cases and 9 unsatisfactory cases of atherosclerotive occlusive disease, defining the operative outcome as“satisfactory”if the obstructive symptoms disappeared completely and “unsatisfactory”if they did not. The patients of TAO induced Buerger's disease with preoperative Foutain class III or IV were surgically converted to class 0 in 14 cases, class I in 12 and class II in 3.

• 건강소식
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.6-11
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• 2008

매스컴을 통해 유명인사의 갑작스런 죽음에 대한 소식을 접하곤 한다. 그중에는 암이나 교통사고 등이 원인인 경우도 있으나, 최근에는 급성 심장사 또는 급성 심근경색증이 원인인 경우도 많다. 굳이 연예인을 예로 들지 않더라도, 지난 10년 간 심장병 사망률은 약 3배 이상 증가하였다. 이는 대부분 동맥경화성 혈관 변화에 의한 급성 심근경색증이나 급성 심실성 부정맥으로 발생한 급성 심장사가 주 원인이다. 우리나라는 이런 심장병의 발병률 또한 점점 증가하고 있다고 한다. 실제 미국에서는 지난 10년 전과 비교하면 심장병의 발병률은 정체 상태이고, 사망률은 약 30% 정도 감소하였다. 물론 우리나라 국민들도 예방을 위해 식이요법, 운동요법, 금연 등 건강관리에 힘쓰고 있지만, 아직 발병률이나 사망률은 줄이지 못하고 있다. 아마도 사회가 너무 빨리 서구화 되고 인구가 고령화되어, 이러한 변화를 따라가지 못하고 있는 것으로 생각된다.

• Bulletin of Food Technology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.121-132
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• 1997

코레스테롤은 대표적 sterol로서 세포막, oganella막 등의 구성 성분인 동시에 담즙 및 각종 hormon, vitamin D의 전구체가 되는 등 생체기능유지에 있어 매우 중요한 물질이다. 이와같은 콜레스테롤은 체내에서 항상성을 유지하도록 조절되고 있으나 지속적인 동물성위주의 식생활로 인하여 체내 콜레스테롤 농도의 평형이 깨어지기 시작했고 콜레스테롤의 과잉축적은 동맥경화증, 심근경색, 허혈성 뇌질환 등과 순환기계질병을 유발하는 원인이 되는 것으로 알려지고 있다. MRFIT(Mutiple Risk Factor Intervention Tria)에서는 콜레스테롤의 함량이 높을수록 심근경색증으로 인한 사망율이 증가하고, 혈장콜레스테롤이 300mg/dl 이면 200mg/dl인 사람보다 위험도가 4배가 높다고 보고하고 이다. 따라서 콜레스테롤의 조절은 건강과 직결되어 있다고 해도 과언이 아니다. 본고에서는 콜레스테롤의 주요기능을 살펴보고 혈중 콜레스테롤의 저하에 도움이 되는 소재 및 최근 주목받고 있는 동물성 식이섬유인 chitosan의 콜레스테롤의 저하기능을 중심으로 살펴보고자 한다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1992.05a
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• pp.20-20
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• 1992

혈관내에서의 비정상적인 혈소판의 활성화는 혈소판 응괴 또는 혈전 형성을 초래함으로서 동맥경화증, 심근 경색증, 혈전중등의 허혈성 질환의 발현에 직접 또는 간접적인 원인으로서 주목되고 있다. 본 연구자 등은 천연물로부터 혈소판 응집억제작용 물질의 개발을 목표로 하여 한약 또는 민간약의 형태로서 관련질환에 사용되어온 식물생약 약 40종을 검색하였으며 이들중 혈소판 응집억제작용을 갖는 식물로부터 작용 물질의 분리를 계속하여 오고있다. 본 실험에서는 작약을 메타놀로 추출하고 작용을 추적하면서 용매로 분획하였으며, 작용분획인 Et0Ac fr.으로부터 methyl gallate를 분리하였다. Methyl gallate는 오가피로부터 작용성분으로서 이미 분리 보고된 protocatechuic acid 및 artifact인 ethyl protocatechuate와 구조적으로 매우 유사하여 이들 analogs 수종에 대하여 작용을 비교 검색하였다.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.81-88
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• 2016

The body of the fat tissue increased in obese represented by risk factors such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, metabolic disease and dyslipidemia. Such metabolic diseases and the like of the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, hypertension, dyslipidemia, increase in the adipose tissue of the pancreas is known to be a risk factor of these diseases. Study on the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer was conducted actively, case studies on pancreatic steatosis is not much. In this study, divided into a control group diagnosed with pancreatic steatosis as a result of ultrasonography to evaluation the physical characteristics and serologic tests and blood pressure and arterial stiffness. The control group and the test pancreas steatosis age and waist circumference, body mass index, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, arterial elasticity is higher in pancreatic steatosis. And the lower ankle brachial stenosis and HDL-cholesterol were lower than the normal control group, so the pancreatic steatosis harmful to blood vessels.(P <0.05). The difference between the control group and it was confirmed that the pancreatic jibanggun statistically significant. In conclusion, pancreatic steatosis at abdominal ultrasound can predict the risk of metabolic diseases, and there was a correlation with cardiovascular disease.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2001.11b
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• pp.585-590
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• 2001

The hemodynamic characteristics were compared using commercial CFD code for the stenosed coronary and abdominal arteries. Numerical calculations were carried out in the axisymmetric arteries over the stenotic diameter ratios ranging from 0.25 to 0.875 (6 cases) employing the typical physiological flow conditions. In case of the coronary artery, there was only one recirculation zone observed distal to the stenosis throat during the major portion of the period. However, in case of the abdominal aorta, there were complex recirculation regions found proximal and distal to stenosis throat. For both models, the wall shear stresses(WSS) increased sharply in the converging stenosis, reaching a peak just upstream of the throat, and became negative or low values in the post-stenotic recirculation region. As the results, the oscillatory shear index(OSI) was abruptly increased at the stenosis throat. For the coronary stenosis model, the second peak in the OSI was observed distal to the stenosis. The distance between the first peak and the second peak was increased as the degree of the stenosis was raised. On the orther hand, the abdominal stenosis model showed a complex oscillatory behavior in the OSI index and did not showed such a strong second peak. As the degree of stenosis was increased, recirculation regions of the both arteries were extended much longer and flow pattern became more complex.