• Title/Summary/Keyword: 동공 크기 변화율

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Emotion Classification Method Using Various Ocular Features (다양한 눈의 특징 분석을 통한 감성 분류 방법)

  • Kim, Yoonkyoung;Won, Myoung Ju;Lee, Eui Chul
    • The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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    • v.14 no.10
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    • pp.463-471
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    • 2014
  • In this paper, emotion classification was performed by using four ocular features extracted from near-infrared camera image. According to comparing with previous work, the proposed method used more ocular features and each feature was validated as significant one in terms of emotion classification. To minimize side effects on ocular features caused by using visual stimuli, auditory stimuli for causing two opposite emotion pairs such as "positive-negative" and "arousal-relaxation" were used. As four features for emotion classification, pupil size, pupil accommodation rate, blink frequency, and eye cloased duration were adopted which could be automatically extracted by using lab-made image processing software. At result, pupil accommodation rate and blink frequency were statistically significant features for classification arousal-relaxation. Also, eye closed duration was the most significant feature for classification positive-negative.

Research on the Change in Index of Pupil in the Initial Observation on Large Space of Library (공간의 초기 주시과정에 나타난 동공지표의 크기변화에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Jong-Ha
    • Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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    • v.21 no.2
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    • pp.15-28
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    • 2018
  • The purpose of this study was to conduct eye-tracking experiments to target large spaces and to analyze the characteristics of pupil gaze by gender. By analyzing the change of pupil size in the eye-tracking experiment, we suggest a template for objective and scientific analyses of gender observation data. Additionally, based on the difference between gender and time to pupil size change, we noted the characteristic of time that gather the visual perception data information and showed that females attend to interesting elements of visual information one to two seconds slower than males. In the initial "$1sec{\rightarrow}2sec$", the pupil size has been increased in leap condition of male and in fixed condition of female. In addition, if condition limits to fixed observation to view the change rates on gender then the pupil size of female was larger than male before 9 seconds, while male's pupil size was larger after 9 seconds. This indicates that females obtain visual information through a relatively larger pupil size during the first 1-8 seconds after stimulus presentation, while males acquire it between 10-15 seconds after input. However, based on the result that the pupil size of female was larger than male on the change of observation time, the pupil size movement on female was energized to watch more interest element after a certain period of time.

Study of UV-cut Effect by Luminance and Size of pupil in lens (Luminance와 동공크기 변화에 따른 렌즈에서 UV 차단효과 연구)

  • Kim, Yong-Geun
    • Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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    • v.6 no.2
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    • pp.17-21
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    • 2001
  • We analyzed the luminance in the visual light region and the size of pupil by the luminance to estimate an UV-A line cut efficiency in the lens. The size of pupil by the luminance(L) was given by ${\Phi}=d-e{\cdot}tanh(f{\cdot}logL)$ and the transmittance efficiency value of a size of pupil was given by $T_r(r)=1-gr^2+hr^4$. We derived the absolute cut efficiency value ${\alpha}$ and the exclusion index $b=(1-{\alpha}){\times}100%$ about the UV-A in the $320{\sim}400nm$ regions. The ${\alpha}$ and b values were obtained respectively 0.018, 0.31, 0.273, 0.153 and 98, 69, 72, 85% of Uv-cut Lens, CR-39, red color and blue color.

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Transmittance controlled photomasks by use of backside phase patterns (후면 위상 패턴을 이용한 투과율 조절 포토마스크)

  • Park, Jong-Rak;Park, Jin-Hong
    • Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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    • v.15 no.1
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    • pp.79-85
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    • 2004
  • We report on a transmittance controlled photomask with phase patterns on the back quartz surface. Theoretical analysis for changes in illumination pupil shape with respect to the variation of size and density of backside phase patterns and experimental results for improvement of critical dimension uniformity on a wafer by using the transmittance controlled photomask are presented. As phase patterns for controlling transmittance of the photomask we used etched contact-hole type patterns with 180" rotative phase with respect to the unetched region. It is shown that pattern size on the backside of the photomask must be made as small as possible in order to keep the illumination pupil shape as close as possible to the original pupil shape and to achieve as large an illumination intensity drop as possible at a same pattern density. The distribution of illumination intensity drop suitable for correcting critical dimension error was realized by controlling pattern density of the contact-hole type phase patterns. We applied this transmittance controlled photomask to a critical layer of DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory) having a 140nm design rule and could achieve improvement of the critical dimension uniformity value from 24.0 nm to 10.7 nm in 3$\sigma$.TEX>.

Pupil Size Variability as an Index of Autonomic Activity - from the Experiments of Posture, Sleepiness and Cognitive Task (자율신경활성도의 지표로서의 동공크기 변이율 -자세변화, 졸음, 인지과제 실험으로부터)

  • Lee, Jeung-Chan;Kim, Ji-Eun;Park, Kyung-Mo
    • Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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    • v.28 no.1
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    • pp.55-65
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    • 2007
  • This paper sought to investigate pupil size variability, pupil size parameters in terms of time domain and frequency domain, the autonomic activity change induced by posture change, degree of sleepiness and cognitive task (math task). With a specially designed pupil image acquisition system in the dark room, these three kinds of experiments were performed to induce a dominant state of sympathetic or parasympathetic activation. Electrocardiogram and pupil size were measured in all the experiments. Based on three experiments, we calculated heart rate variability. In the pupil size analysis, we calculated the mean and standard deviation of pupil size (in time domain), and proposed several frequency bands that exhibit different autonomic activation between different sessions. The results indicate that in terms of heart rate variability, posture change exhibited significant differences but not between sleepiness level, or between cognitive task. Pupil sizes differed only during the postures. And we found some frequency bands that correlated with autonomic activation in each experiment. While heart rate variability reflects posture change that need cardiac control, pupil size variability reflects not only posture induced autonomic activation but sleepiness and cognitive load, which is processed in the brain, in time and frequency domain parameter.

Studies on Ion-Selective Crown Ether Dyes (이온선택성 크라운 에테르 염료에 관한 연구)

  • Sam-Woo Kang;Chong-Min Park;Won-Fae Koo;Keun-Jae Kim;Soo-Min Lee;Choo-Hwan Chang
    • Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • v.32 no.5
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    • pp.443-451
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    • 1988
  • New crown ether dye-Ⅰ and dye-Ⅱ having an azo group(-N=N-) were synthesized from monobenzo-15-crown-5 and dibenzo-18-crown-6. These dyes showed ${\lambda}_{max}$ of 377 and 383nm respectively. The complexes of alkali metal ions ($Na^+$, $K^+$, $Cs^+$) with dye ligands showed band shift (390~400nm) and intensity increased. For a given anion, the extraction constants are in the order of $K^+$ < $Cs^+$ < $Na^+$ for dye-Ⅰ and $Cs^+$ < $Na^+$ < $K^+$ for dye-Ⅱ. These results show that the selectivity of crown ethers toward the alkali metal ions is dependant on the charge density of cation and the size of crown ether cavity. For a given cation, the order of the extraction constant is $Cl^-$ < $Br^-$ < $I^-$ < picrate. This order coincides with the degree of anion solvation effect.

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