• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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• v.1 no.1 s.1
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• pp.103-115
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• 2001

The current procedure to design hydraulic structures in a small basin area is to estimate the probable rainfall depth using rainfall intensity formula. The estimation of probable rainfall depth has many uncertainties inherent with it. However, it has been inevitable to simplify the nonlinearity if the rainfall in practice. This study attend to address a method which can model the nonlinearity in order to derive better rainfall intensity formula for the estimation of probable rainfall depth. The results show that genetic algorithm is more reliable and accurate than trial-and-error method or nonlinear programming technique(Powell's method) in the derivation of the rainfall intensity formula.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.403-415
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• 1999

This study is to derive the rainfall intensity formula based on the representative probability distribution in Korea. The 11 probability distributions which has been widely used in hydrologic frequency analysis are applied to the annual maximum rainfall. The parameters of each probability distribution are estimated by method of moments, maximum likelihood method and method of probability weighted moments. Four tests such as $x^2$-test, Kolmogorv-Smirnov test, difference test and modified difference test are used to determine the goodness of fit of the distributions. The homogeneous tests (Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance of nonparametric test) are applied to find the stations with rainfall homogeneity. The results of homogeneous tests show that there is no representative appropriate distribution for the whole duration in Korea. The whole region could be divided into five zones for 12-durations. The representative probability distribution of each divided zone for 12-durations was determined. The GEV distribution for I,II,V zones and the 3-parameter Weibull distribution for III,IV zones were determined as the representative probability distribution. The rainfall were obtained from representative probability distribution for the selected return periods. Rainfall intensity formula was determined by linearization technique for the rainfall.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.39 no.6 s.167
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• pp.521-531
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• 2006

The formula was proposed through the examination of probability rainfall intensity formula used in Incheon based upon recent occurrences of heavy rain and extraordinary storms. Random-time maximum annual rainfalls were estimated for durations from ten minutes to twenty-four hours from the data by Korea Meteorological Administration. Eleven types of probability distribution are considered to estimate probable rainfall depths for different storm durations at Incheon city. Three goodness-of-fit tests including Chi-square, Kolmogorov-Smirmov and framer Von Misses were used to analyze the tendency of recent rainfall. Considering maximum rainfall occurred, General Extreme Value(GEV) distribution was chosen as the appropriate probability distribution. Five types of probability rainfall formulas including Talbot type, Sherman type, Japanese type, unified type I and unified type II are considered to determine the best type for rainfall intensity at Incheon. The formula was determined considering the time of concentration of sewer system and river at Incheon city. Unified type I was chosen for its accuracy and was proposed to represent rainfall intensity of Incheon district.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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• v.2 no.2 s.5
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• pp.85-93
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• 2002

This paper is to derive the Intensity-Duration-Frequency Curve at Kong-Ju area after estimating probable rainfall depths using Rainfall Frequency Atlas of Korea. It has been suggested that the probable rainfall intensity formulas should be classified by short and long term basis in this area. The coefficients of determination of the probable rainfall intensity formulas are calculated as high as 0.9924 through 0.9971. Four types of rainfall intensity formulas such as Talbot type, Sherman type, Japanese type, General type are considered to determine the best type for the Kong-Ju area. Sherman type applied in this study can be determined as the representative probable rainfall intensity formula in the area. Therefore the rainfall intensity formulas for the selected return period in this study provide valuable insight into the estimation of the rainfall intensity. The developed Intensity-Duration-Frequency Curve can be used to provide a better hydraulic design at Kong-Ju area.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.55 no.10
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• pp.775-784
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• 2022

In this study, to determine the optimal order of the full-logged I-D-F polynomial equation, which is mainly used to calculate the probable rainfall over a temporal rainfall duration, the probable rainfall was calculated and the regression coefficients of the full-logged I-D-F polynomial equation was estimated. The optimal variable of the polynomial equation for each station was selected using a stepwise selection method, and statistical significance tests were performed through ANOVA. Using these results, the statistically appropriately calculated rainfall intensity equation for each station was presented. As a result of analyzing the variable selection outputs of the full-logged I-D-F polynomial equation at 9 stations in Gyeongbuk, the 1^st to 3^rd order equations at 6 stations and the incomplete 3^rd order at 1 station were determined as the optimal equations. Since the 1^st order equation is similar to the Sherman type equation and the 2^nd order one is similar to the general type equation, it was presented as a unified form of rainfall intensity equation for convenience of use by increasing the number of independent variables. Therefore, it is judged that there is no statistical problem in considering only the 3^rd order polynomial regression equation for the full-logged I-D-F.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.1-9
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• 1990

A variational approach with reference volume and adjoint structure concepts is applied for the structural design densitivity analysis of geometrically nonlinear structures. A general form of sensitivity equation is used and then nonlinear finite element procedure is implemented for the discretized structural model. Usability and effectiveness of the variational approach for the design sensitivity analysis of geometrically nonlinear structural responses are verified through a numerical example.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2004.05b
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• pp.195-199
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• 2004

수공구조물의 설계시 확률강우강도와 홍수유출량의 정확한 산정은 경제성 및 안전성과 관련되어 필수인 과정이다. 현재 확률강우강도의 산정은 한국건설기술연구원에서 제시한 확률강우량도를 사용하고 있으나, 설계자의 주관에 따른 오차 발생의 소지가 있고 수치모의시 수작업에 따른 불리함과 지속기간에 따른 강우강도의 일관성 결여 등 공학적으로 불리하다. 본고에서는 시간적(재현기간별) 공간적으로 형식의 통일과 표준화를 기하고 공학적 사용의 편리를 위하여 단순한 형태의 일반형 확률강우강도식을 개발하여 암거설계의 편리를 도모다. 또한 기존 암거설계법을 재검토하여 미흡한 부분을 보완하였다.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.873-882
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• 1990

본 연구에서는 작은 크랙이 중앙 크랙선단 주위에 대칭으로 배치 분포되어 있 는 유한 평판의 경우에 대한 것으로, 우선 균일분포하중을 받는 정방형판에 분포크랙 이 있는 경우 분포크랙의 위치에 따른 중앙 크랙 선단에서의 응력확대계수의 변화를 유한요소법으로 해석하여 등응력확대계수 곡선들로 나타냈다. 그리고 크랙들 사이의 상호 간섭에 의해 일어나는 소성영역도 고려하여 그 안정성을 검토하여 보았는데, 특 히 크랙들이 서로 가까와 지면 그 크랙들 간에 상호간섭이 커져 소성영격이 크랙선단 주위에 크게 발생되므로써 크랙들은 쉽게 연결되고 합체로 인한 크랙성장이 되어 파괴 됨을 예측할 수 있고 중앙 크랙선단 주위의 분포크랙의 위치에 따른 소성영역 변화도 유한요소법으로 해석하여 도식적으로 나타냈다.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.652-659
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to present the most effective numerical scheme to calculate the unsteady flows. In order to calculate the flow quantities of flow past a circular cylinder, Three-time level and five convective schemes are applied to unsteady and convective terms, respectively. The values obtained are compared with those from the existing experimental and numerical studies. At Reynolds numbers up to 160, time intervals can be expanded 10 times of Implicit Euler scheme using Three-time level method, and it is found that QUICK and CUI schemes work much stable than others even if less grid density conditions. The combination of Three-time level and QUICK scheme gives high resolutions for laminar unsteady problems with PC level.

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.213-213
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• 2003

고온 및 고압의 가혹한 방사선 분위기에서 사용되는 핵연료 피복관은 중성자 조사 및 수소화합물의 생성 등으로 인하여 기계적 성질이 저하된다. 따라서 조사된 핵연료 피복관의 손상기준 확립과 안전성 해석을 위해서는 연성 및 강도 등 기계적 특성을 정확히 이해하여야 할 필요가 있다. 핵연료 피복관의 종 및 횡 방향 인장특성 평가를 위하여 개발된 기존의 다양한 시험법들을 비교하고, 핫셀시험에 적합한 인장시험법을 개발하였다. 피복관의 종방향 인장시편은 튜브시편 또는 게이지부 내에서 균일한 변형률 분포를 얻도록 설계된 도그본 튜브시편(그림 1)을 사용한다. 피복관의 횡방향 인장시험에 사용되는 링시편(그림 2)은 게이지부 내에서 균일한 단축 원환변형율 분포 또는 평면변형율 조건을 나타내도록 설계한다. 연소 또는 조사된 피복관으로부터 시편을 제작하기 위해서는 핫셀 내에서 작업 이 가능한 방전가공기(그림 3)를 사용한다. 피복관의 종방향 인장시험용그립(grip)은 핀-부하형이며, 횡방향 인장시험의 경우는 시험 동안 시편의 곡률이 일정하게 유지 되도록 그립의 형상 및 치수를 결정한다(그림 4). 피복관의 종 및 횡방향 강도와 변형 등 기계적 특성을 평가하기 위한 응력-변형율 곡선은 시험기의 복합 강성(K)을 고려하여 결정한다. 이상과 같이 검토된 인장시험법은 피복관의 안전성 해석(safety analysis)과 관련 규정(regulatory)에서 사용되는 피복관 손상기준(fuel damage criteria)의 개선에 필수적인 자료를 제공한다.