• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.472-483
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• 2014

Major cities have strengthened their efforts to improve the environmental function of the urban forest through aspects of quantity and quality. Yet, it is difficult to propose both long-term improvement and management policy direction continuously due to a lack of evaluating method that social needs could be reflected. After all, effective strengthening of the function of an urban forest, composed of social and biotic environments, is essential to create evaluation criteria. Such data reflects a quantity variation and identifies the distribution and habitation of biotic sources as well. An assessment of utilization possibilities presents such values as a green connectivity, an ecological healthiness, and usage and access opportunities. Consequently, this research was executed to create an urban forest sustainability index that proposes a management and policy direction based on the evaluation of quantity and quality aspects. This study was processed by the following steps: a degree of importance of ecological aspect, a sub-classification index choice, and an examination of adequacy. This research was conducted from premises that urban forest had another functions comparisons to a natural forest. As a result, a criteria of sustainability should be considered to evaluate an ecological aspect, as well as the social and management aspects regarding human disturbance. This research is designed to develop an evaluation index for ecological aspect. In order to evaluate the ecological healthiness of an urban forest, a vegetation index considers aspects of related rarity, damage possibility, naturalness, area, and diversity. In a wildbird index-related study, forest duration and area were selected. Finally, a variance analysis is presented, inclusive of stability, naturalness, diversity, potentiality, and possibility of wildlife inhabitation, which is indicative of an urban forest sustainability index.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.39-53
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• 2013

Although the efficient formation of urban space structure is a key factor in energy saving and environmentally-friendly aspect, the maintenance of the center and sub-center of the city that are key factors has been becoming increasingly difficult due to the variability and complexity of urban activities. In the case of Busan, amid the expansion of urban scale due to rapid economic development and overpopulation, systematic approaches to professional diagnosis and maintenance have been significantly insufficient - other than the city basic plan which has been conducted at an interval of 20 years. For the effective management of urban central area, systematic monitoring of the CBD through demand forecast and blight forecast at a city level must first be implemented. In order to fulfill this goal, this study is to figure out the current state of the CBD through the diagnosis on blight of the urban central area in the viewpoint of rehabilitation of the CBD and to propose the measures for practical utilization of the information about space for the further management of the central area of the city. For analysis, the study looks into the present state in terms of physical index, economic index, and social index. And then as a micro-approach by utilizing economic index, the study has thoroughly examined the economic blight of the Seomyun urban central area of Busan. The outcome of the analysis shows that in terms of population distribution and land utilization the area is in the stage of inefficient dispersion after having gone through the stage of suburbanization. It is expected that this study, as the material that proves the necessity of enhancing the function of the CBD, can propose the direction for the management of the urban center of Busan through blight prediction and management of the urban center and can provide the basic data for the long-term urban development that aims at the efficient strengthening of functions of the CBD.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.148-153
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• 2011

EMRAS-2 (Environmental Modelling for RAdiation Safety, Phase 2) is an international comparison program, which is organized by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), in order to harmonize the modelling of radionuclide behavior in the environment. To do so, the urban contamination working group within EMRAS-2 has designed the hypothetical scenarios for a specified urban area. In this study, the importance of contaminated surfaces composing an urban environment was analyzed in terms of dose rate using METRO-K, which has been developed to take a Korean urban environment into account. The contribution of contaminated surfaces to exposure dose rate showed distinctly a great difference as a function of specified locations and time following a hypothetical event. Moreover, it showed a distinct difference according to the existence of precipitation, and its intensity. Therefore, if an urban area is contaminated radioactively by any unexpected incidents such as an accident of nuclear power plants or an explosion of radioactive dispersion devices (RDDs), appropriate measures should be taken with consideration of the type of surface composing the contaminated environment in order to minimize not only radiation-induced health detriment but also economic and social impacts.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.286-294
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to analyze the food service management practices and productivity in 49 elementary schools in the Daegu and Gyeongsangbuk-do areas. Survey questionnaires were used to obtain a variety of quantitative and qualitative information, including general food service management and productivity, on elementary school food service systems. Descriptive analysis, $\div$2-test, t-test and one-way ANOVA analysis were used as the statistical methods in this study. Eighteen elementary schools were located in urban areas, 13 in provincial areas and 18 in isolated areas. The average number of meals was 565.1, with a significant difference (p＝0.001) between the areas. The average cost per a meal was 1151.0 Won, with a significant difference (p＝0.001) between the areas. The productivity Index (meal/hour) was 13.5, with a significant difference (p＝0.001) between the areas. There was a significant positive correlation of the productivity Index between the total number of meal, the number of employees, the total food cost, meals per employee and the employee's working period. There was a significant negative correlation between the productivity Index and the number of side dishes, the lost per meal, the labor cost per meal and the employee's job satisfaction degree index (JDI).

• Journal of KIISE:Information Networking
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.498-506
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• 2000

네트워크 관리 시스템은 네트워크를 모니터링하고 감독하여 잘 유지하고 활용성을 높이는 것을 목적으로 하는 시스템이다. 네트워크 관리 시스템 자체의 생존성이 보장되지 않으면 네트워크를 안정한 상태로 유지하는 것은 매우 어렵다. 본 논문에서는 네트워크 관리 시스테 자체의 생존성을 높일수 있도록 매니저들간의 세션을 형성하고 SNA를 통해 고장이 발생한 매니저의 관리 작업을 세션 내의 다른 매니저들이 대행해 주도록 하여 네트워크가 항상 관리될수 있도록 하는 방법을 제안하였다. 제안한 방법은 하나의 관리 스테이션에 집중되던 부하를 하위의 매니저들에게 분산시키고 SNMP 메시지를 전송하기 위해 백본을 통과하는 트래픽을 줄일 수 있다. 제안한 방법의 우수성을 보이기 위해 노드의 오류에 관한 생존성 함수를 도출하였고 그에 따른 분석결과를 도시하였다

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.12-19
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• 1996

Urban parks, as remnant patches, of two older cities and two new towns can be analyzed by a landscape ecological approach. The index of patch shape, the dispersion of patches, the mean edge length, and the mean patch size of parks of each city are ocmpared. The findings of this study are as follows : 1) The mean edge length of urban parks of older cities is longer than that of new towns : Seoul>Suwon>Bundang>Ansan. 2) The mean patch size of urban parks in Seoul is much greater than those of other cities : Seoul> Ansan>Suwon>Bundang. 3) The index of patch shape of urban parks of older cities is greater than that of new towns : Seoul>Suwon>BundangAnsan. 4) The dispersion of patches is in the order of Bundang >Ansan>Seoul>Suwon. The new towns have relatively even distributions of urban parks than older cities. Further research is required to find out the relationship between the index of patch shape and patch interior dynamics.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.288-295
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• 1993

Three dimensional linear transient wave propagation over a constant depth due to bottom disturbances is presented. Present solution based on Seo(1993) is expressed in terms of a convolution integral of source function. For three cases of different source functions, each solution is proved to satisfy the corresponding initial condition. The general feature of wave height attenuation resulted from the dispersion effect is shown and discussed by numerical results of the solutions.

• JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL WORLD
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• s.363
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• pp.62-67
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• 2007

‘구역전기사업제도’의 도입을 주된 내용으로 하는 전기사업법시행령 개정안이 지난 2004년 6월 국무회의를 통과함에 따라 같은 해 7월 1일부터 시행에 들어갔다. 구역전기사업은 비교적 소용량의 발전기를 이용해 전기를 생산, 이를 전력거래소를 통하지 않고 특정한 공급구역 내의 소비자에게 직접 공급하는 새로운 형태의 전기사업이었기에 제도 시행 전부터 사업자들 사이에서 많은관심을 불러일으키기에 충분했다. 특히 구역전기사업은 분산형 전원개발의 촉매제 역할을 할 것이란 기대감 속에 많은 관심을 받아왔다. 하지만 현실적으로 부담스러운 허가기준 등으로 인해 사업이 활성화되기까지 쉽지 않은 과정을 겪고 있다. 그 과정에서 2005년 11월 케너텍은 서울 동작구 사당동 신동아 아파트 현장에서 시설을 완공, 구역전기사업자중초로 생산한 전기를 공급하기 시작했다. 그리고 현재 20여개의 사업자가 탄생했고, 올해 초에는 도시가스사업자들이 주축이 된 구역전기사업자 협의회가 정식 발족하기도 했다. 사실 구역전기사업은 이제부터가 시작이다. 그동안은 사업자로만 선정이 됐지, 일부 업체를 제외하고는 사실상 건설에만 치중해 왔고, 실질적으로 전기를 생산·판매하지는 못했다. 그러나 이제 사업자들이 속속 발전설비 건설을 마무리 하고 본격적으로 전기를 공급하려 하고 있다. 이제 기지개를 켜려 하고 있는 구역전기사업의 과거와 현재, 미래를 짚어본다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2017.05a
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• pp.213-214
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• 2017

최근 일부 도심 지역에서 중산층이 특정지역으로 몰리며 원래의 거주자를 밀어내는 젠트리피케이션 현상과 주거비용 상승으로 인하여 도심에서 농촌으로 이동하는 유턴현상이 일어나고 있다. 이러한 이유로, 서울의 인구는 2016년 기준 28년 만에 천만 명이 붕괴되었다. 서울의 감소된 인구는 자연스럽게 수도권 외곽이나, 지방으로 분산되었고, 지자체의 인구가 초고령화로 나아가는 현재의 상황에서 지역사회에 도시민과 자본의 유입은 균형 있는 지방자치에 한 걸음 다가갈 수 있는 방법으로 활용 가능하다. 이와 같은 배경으로 풍부한 관광 자원과 지리적 이점 등을 이용하여 자본의 유입이 많을 것으로 예상되는 강화도 지역에 대해 강릉 카페거리 사례를 바탕으로 젠트리피케이션 모델을 검토 하고자 한다.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.1-9
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• 2017

Smart Cities intelligently manage numerous infrastructures, including Smart-City IoT devices, and provide a variety of smart-city applications to citizen. In order to provide various information needed for smart-city applications, Smart Cities require a function to intelligently process large-scale streamed big data that are constantly generated from a large number of IoT devices. To provide smart services in Smart-City, the Smart-City Consortium uses stream reasoning. Our stream reasoning requires real-time processing of big data. However, there are limitations associated with real-time processing of large-scale streamed big data in Smart Cities. In this paper, we introduce one of our researches on cloud computing based real-time distributed-parallel-processing to be used in stream-reasoning of IoT big data in Smart Cities. The Smart-City Consortium introduced its previously developed smart-city middleware. In the research for this paper, we made cloud computing based real-time distributed-parallel-processing available in the cloud computing platform of the smart-city middleware developed in the previous research, so that we can perform real-time distributed-parallel-processing with them. This paper introduces a real-time distributed-parallel-processing method and system for stream reasoning with IoT big data transmitted from various sensors of Smart Cities and evaluate the performance of real-time distributed-parallel-processing of the system where the method is implemented.