• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.806-816
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• 2017

This study aims to offer effective policies for managing local temperatures and reducing the heat island effect by identifying elements that affect local temperatures. The three elements of natural environment, land use, and land coverage were first selected, and then control factors were applied, including season, weather, and measurement units for wind speed. In order to analyze these factors' relations to summer temperatures, an integrated model was developed, and an analysis was conducted of the urban heat island reduction effect of elements impacting local temperatures. The analysis used nationwide weather system (AWS) data from July and August 2007 and 2011-2016, land coverage data provided by the Ministry of Environment, and land use area data from local governments after rearranging them based upon their falling within a 500-meter radius ($0.79km^2$) of AWS measuring points. The study results show that the natural environment, land use, and land coverage all have a relation to changes in local temperatures. Natural elements have the greatest impact, and land use has the lowest. The results could provide basic data for establishing more effective policies to mitigate the heat island effect and strategies for enhancing the sustainability of cities.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.199-208
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• 2011

Scarcity of water worldwide, increasing greenhouse gas emissions, increased energy consumption due to the Earth is threatened. Existing in the process of urban planning and development of forests, rivers and other natural ecosystems have been destroyed and that there was increased impervious pavement. Impervious pavement increase water circulation system to destroy the natural and urban water retention, infiltration and decreased evaporation. Nonpoint source pollution(NPS) occurs when rainfall impervious pavement and appeal directly to the river water inflow is adversely impacts of the situation. In this study, rainfall occurs impervious pavement NPS pollution reduction and temperature increase due to the increase in urban areas, and to solve heat island phenomenon is to develop small HSSF constructed wetland technology. The small HSSF constructed wetland sedimentation, filtration, adsorption, absorption by vegetation, including such mechanisms. Techniques for verification of the pilot-scale test was conducted. In the future domestic urban heat island phenomenon and restore the natural water cycle for the facilities will be used as a basis to develop.

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.113-114
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• 2001

산업화ㆍ도시화에 따라 인구 증가, 교통량 증가 및 도시 구조물의 증가 등으로 인하여 도시의 대기오염과 열섬 현상 등이 날로 심각한 사회문제로 제기되고 있다. 일반적으로 대기 중에 부유하는 오염물질들은 광화학 반응을 통하여 2차 오염물질이 생성되기도 하고, 기상인자에 의하여 확산 또는 수송되어 대기오염도가 감소하거나, 중력에 의하여 지표 부근에 침적되어 제거된다. 특히, 건성 및 습성 침적되는 강하먼지는 단위 지역의 대기오염을 파악하거나, 타 지역과의 비교에 지표로 활용되고 있다. (중략)

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2017.05a
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• pp.25-25
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• 2017

국지 혹은 지역적인 기후의 특성은 지구규모 또는 종관규모에서의 온실가스 증가로 인한 온난화와 동시에 도시화 (urbanization)에 따른 열섬 현상 (heat island effect)을 포함한 인위적인 요소들이 복합적으로 작용하여 나타날 수 있다. 도시화에 따른 지면피복의 변화는 관측된 온난화 신호에 일정부분 기여하며, 도시 지역은 농촌 및 산림 지역과 비교하여 수문 및 기후학적 측면에서 지역 내 에너지수지 및 물수지의 특성이 상이하기 때문에, 지구온난화에 의한 전 지구적 현상과 도시화에 의한 국소적 현상을 구분하여 파악하는 것은 중요하다. 또한 향후 도시/비도시에 따른 도시화 편향 영향으로 인한 기후변화 예측의 편이를 분석하는데 필수적으로 요구된다. 본 연구에서는 급격한 도시화로 인한 인위적인 기후변화 (anthropogenic climate change)와 종관규모에서의 자연적 기후변화 (natural climate change or climate change)에 기인한 부분을 정량적으로 구분하고자 한다. 이를 위해 도시화의 정도가 서로 다른 도시 지역 및 농촌, 산림 지역을 선정하여 최근 50년간 (1966~2015년) 기상청 관측소의 기상자료와 각 관측지점별 인구수 및 인구증가/감소 추세를 비교함으로써 도시화율의 변화가 기상요소에 미치는 영향의 지역별 차이를 정량적으로 분석하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.40
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• pp.1-13
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• 1989

The brightness temperature from NOAA AVHRR CH 4 images was examined for the metropolitan Seoul area, the capital city of Korea, to detect the characteristics of the urban heat island for this study. Surface data from 21 meteorological stations were compared with the brightness temperatures Through computer enhancement techniques, more than 20 heat islands could be recognized in South Korea, with 1 km spatii resolution at a scale of 1: 200, 00O(Fig. 3, 4 and 6). The result of the analysis of AVHRR CH 4 images over the metropolitan Seoul area can be summerized as follows (1) The pattern of brightness temperature distribution in the metropolitan Seoul area shows a relatively strong temperature contrast between urban and rural areas. There is some indication of the warm brightness temperature zone characterrizing built-up area including CBD, densely populated residential district and industrial zone. The cool brightness temperature is asociaed with the major hills such as Bukhan-san, Nam-san and Kwanak-san or with the major water bodies such as Han-gang, and reservoirs. Although the influence of the river and reservoirs is obvious in the brightness temperauture, that of small-scaled land use features such as parks in the cities is not features such as parks in the cities is not apperent. (2) One can find a linerar relationshop between the brightenss temperature and air temperature for 10 major cities, where the difference between two variables is larger in big cities. Though the coefficient value is 0.82, one can estimate that factors of the heat islands can not be explained only by the size of the cities. The magnitude of the horizontal brightness temperature differences between urban and rural area is found to be greater than that of horizontal air temperature difference in Korea. (3) Also one can find the high heat island intensity in some smaller cities such as Changwon(won(Tu-r=9.0$^{\circ}$C) and Po-hang(Tu-r==7.1$^{\circ}$~)T. he industrial location quotient of Chang-won is the second in the country and Po-hang the third. (4) A comparision of the enhanced thermal infrared imageries in 1986 and 1989, with the map at a scale of 1:200, 000 for the meotropolitan Seoul area showes the extent of possible urbanization changes. In the last three years, the heat islands have been extended in area. zone characterrizing built-up area including (5) Although the overall data base is small, the data in Fig. 3 suggest that brightness tempeautre could ge utilized for the study on the heat island characteristics. Satellite observations are required to study and monitor the impact of urban heat island on the climate and environment on global scale. This type of remote sensing provides a meams of monitoring the growth of urban and suburban aeas and its impact on the environment.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.65-77
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• 2012

This study examined changes in land cover for the past 25 years in Busan and subsequently evaluated heat island potential by using land surface temperature and observation temperature data. The results were as below. The urban area of Busan increased by more than 2.5 times for the past 25 years from 1975 to 2000. It was believed that an increase in the pavement area of city within such a short period of time was an unprecedented phenomenon unique to our country. It could be assumed that urban heat island would be worsened through this process. After analyzing the land temperature according to the land cover, it was shown that there were noticeable changes in the temperature of urban & built-up and mountain & forest areas. In particular, the temperature rose to $36{\sim}39^{\circ}C$ in industrial areas during the summer, whereas it went down to $22{\sim}24^{\circ}C$ in the urban areas at whose center there were mountains. It was found that heat island potential according to the level of land cover had various values depending on the conditions of land cover. Among the areas of urbanization, the industrial area's heat island potential is 6 to $8^{\circ}C$, and the residential and commercial area's is $0{\sim}5^{\circ}C$, so it has been found that there is high possibility to induce urban heat islands. Meanwhile, in the forest or agricultural area or the waterside, the heat island potential is $-6{\sim}-3^{\circ}C$. With this study result, it is possible to evaluate the effects of temperature increase according to the urban land use, and it can be used as foundational data to improve urban thermal environment and plan eco-friendly urban development.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.848-852
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• 2012

Vegetation can make not only to lower the urban ambient air temperature (UAAT) by crop evapotranspiration (ET) and increasing solar radiation albedo, but also to reduce the urban air pollution by $CO_2$ uptake and $O_2$ emission in addition to the reducing ozone concentrations by aid of lower the UAAT. To evaluate the effect of vegetation on urban heat island mitigation (UHIM), the climate change of 6 cities during 30 years are analysed, and the amount of ET, $CO_2$ uptake, $O_2$ emission and ozone concentrations are estimated in Korea. The most hot season is the last part of July and the first part of August, and the highest average UAAT of a period of ten days was $35.03^{\circ}C$ during 30 years (1979 - 2008). The mean values of maximum ET of rice and soybean in urban area during urban heat island phenomena were 6.86 and $6.00mm\;day^{-1}$, respectively. The effect of rice and soybean cultivation on lowering the UAAT was assessed to be 10.5 and $3.0^{\circ}C$ in Suwon, respectively, whereas the differences between the UAAT and canopy temperature at urban paddy and upland in Ansung were 2.6 and $2.2^{\circ}C$. On the other hand, the urban-garden in Suwon city had resulted in lowering the UAAT and the surface temperature of buildings to 2.0 and $14.5^{\circ}C$, respectively. Furthermore, the amounts of $CO_2$ uptake by rice and soybean were estimated to be 20.27 and $15.54kg\;CO_2\;10a^{-1}day^{-1}$, respectively. The amounts of $O_2$ emission by rice and soybean were also assessed to be 14.74 and $11.30kg\;O_2\;10a^{-1}day^{-1}$, respectively. As other cleaning effect of air pollution, the ozone concentrations could be also estimated to reduce 21.0, 8.8, and 4.0 ppb through rice-, soybean cultivation, and urban gardening during most highest temperature period in summer, respectively.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.1619-1629
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• 2013

It turned out that there was a direct or an indirect relationship among global warming, urban heat island effects, urban and traffic environments, and public's health. In particular, unusual climate phenomena such as frequent heavy rainfall and scorching heat in a row that had rarely happened before have a negative effect on quality of life for people living in urban areas. This study focuses on the effects of roadway geometric design and traffic conditions on air temperature of roadside in Seoul Metropolitan Areas, controlling of roadway micro-climate environment. Five roadway segments containing different roadway and traffic conditions in terms of traffic median with trees, street trees, traffic volume and average travel speeds were surveyed. According to statistical results(t-test) from three roadway air temperature regression model estimations, air temperature is found to be different from one another in three periods-morning, afternoon and evening. Regarding roadway geometric design, air temperature of urban roads with vegetated median strips is lower about 1.3~2.2 degrees in celcius. Higher traffic volumes per lane and lower average travel speeds will tend to increase roadside air temperature, and efficient traffic operation policies can protect from increasing roadside air temperature in urban areas.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.23-34
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• 2019

Global warming becomes a serious issue that poses subsidiary issues like a sea level rise or a capricious climate over the world. Because of severe heat-wave of the summer in Korea in 2016, a big attention has been focused on urban heat island since then. Not just about heat-wave itself, many researches have been concentrated on how to adapt in this trendy warming climate and weather in a small scope. A big part of existing studies is mitigating "Urban Heat Island effect" and that is because of huge impervious surface in urban area where highly populated areas do diverse activities. It is a serious problem that this thermal context has a high possibility causing mortality by heat vulnerability. However, there have been many articles of a green infrastructures' cooling impact in summer. This research pays attention to measure cooling effect of a street planting considering urban canyon and type of green infrastructures in neighborhood scale. This quantitative approach was proceeded by ENVI-met simulation with a spatial scope of a commercial block in Seoul, Korea. We found the dense double-row planting is more sensitive to change in temperature than that of the single-row. Among the double-row planting scenarios, shrubs which have narrow space between the plant and the land surface were found to store heat inside during the daytime and prevent emitting heat so as to have a higher temperature at night. The quantifying an amount of vegetated spaces' cooling effect research is expected to contribute to a study of the cost and benefit for the planting scenarios' assessment in the future.

• Proceedings of the KGS Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.48-48
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• 2004

A fragmented urban heat island is observed over the Seoul metropolitan area. Long-term (1996-2003) hourly temperature, wind speed and direction, and precipitation data observed at 26 (51) automatic weather stations (AWS) in Seoul (Gyeonggi prevince) makes it possible to reveal more dynamic spatial and temporal patterns of the urban heat island in this area than previously revealed. (omitted)