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The test-bed construction and water purification assessment of the eco-convergence type aerated string contacted oxidation system (생태융합형 접촉산화수로 Test-Bed 구축 및 정화효율 평가)

  • Choi, Sunhwa;Lee, Seung-Heon;Jang, Kyusang;Kim, Heungseop
    • Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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    • 2016.05a
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    • pp.592-592
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    • 2016
  • 국내에는 17,500여개의 농업용 저수지가 전국적으로 분포하고 있다. 국내 농업용 저수지는 대부분이 소규모이며, 연중 수량 변동이 심하고, 유역배율이 작아 태생적으로 수질오염에 취약한 구조로 되어 있다. 특히 농업용 저수지는 도시 근교나 농촌지역에 많이 위치하고 있어 유역 내 축산 농가나 미처리 생활하수에서 유래된 유기물 및 영양염류 유입에 의한 수질오염도가 높다. 저수지에 고농도로 유입되는 유기물, TN, TP를 처리하기 위하여 농어촌연구원과 수생태복원(주)에서는 공동으로 친환경 수처리시설인 생태융합형 접촉산화시스템을 개발하였다. 생태융합 접촉산화수로는 상부 식생과 수로 내의 섬유상 끈상 미생물 접촉재를 이용하여 오염수가 수로를 흐르면서 침전, 여과, 흡착, 산화, 흡수 등 물리학적, 화학적, 생물학적 원리를 이용하여 고농도의 유기물과 질소, 인을 제거하는 물리적, 생물학적 공정을 융복합 기술이다. 본 연구에서는 경기도 시흥시에 소재하고 있는 M 저수지에 현장 Test-bed를 구축하여 수질정화효율을 평가하였다. M 저수지는 유효저수지량이 약 23만톤에 해당하는 소규모 저수지로, 1941년도 준공된 아주 노후화된 저수지로 평균 수심이 2m 이하이고 연중 수질오염도가 높은 저수지이다. 매화저수지 수변에 설치된 생태융합형 접촉산화수로의 전체규모는 길이 8.6m, 폭 2m, 수심 2m에 해당하며, 끈상 미생물 메디아조 3개($2{\times}2{\times}6m^3$), 침전조 1개($2{\times}2{\times}2m^3$)로 구성되어 있다. 기타 부대 장치로는 끈상 메디아조에 산소공급을 위한 Air-mist(마이크로 버블 발생장치), 자동운전계기판, 유입펌프 등이 있다. 생태융합형 접촉산화수로의 처리 공정은 유입수${\rightarrow}$에어미스트${\rightarrow}$고속복합응집장치${\rightarrow}$융복합 산화조(3조)${\rightarrow}$침전조${\rightarrow}$방류로 구성되어 있다. 테스트 베드는 2015년 8월 말경에 구축 완료하였으며, 끈상 미생물 메디아조의 수질정화효율을 평가하기 위하여 9월부터 11월까지 총 7회 걸쳐 유입수와 유출수를 각각 조사하였다. 현장 측정항목인 수온, pH, EC, DO 등은 유입수 및 유출수간 큰 차이가 없었고, COD, SS, Chl-a, TP 등은 수처리시스템 초기 가동시에는 메디아에 미생물 부착율 저조로 유입수 및 유출수 수질농도에 큰 차이가 없었으나, 운영시간의 경과와 함께 메디아의 미생물 충진율이 높아짐에 따라 처리효율이 최대 SS 69.6%, Chl-a 89.3%, TP 89%까지 도달하는 것으로 나타났다. 생태융합 접촉산화수로는 부지 집약적인 컴팩트한 수처리 시설로서 현재 널리 이용되고 있는 인공습지를 대체할 수 있는 경제적인 시설로 판단된다.

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A Study on Smart Ground Resistance Measurement Technology Based on Aduino (아두이노 기반 IT융합 스마트 대지저항 측정 기술 연구)

  • Kim, Hong Yong
    • Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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    • v.17 no.4
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    • pp.684-693
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    • 2021
  • Purpose: The purpose is to establish a safe facility environment from abnormal voltages such as lightning by developing a smart land resistance measuring device that can acquire real-time land resistance data using Arduino. Method: This paper studied design models and application cases by developing a land resistance acquisition and analysis system with Arduino and a power line communication (PLC) system. Some sites in the wind power generation complex in Gyeongsangnam-do were selected as test beds, and real-time land resistance data applied with new technologies were obtained. The electrode arrangement adopted a smart electrode arrangement using a combination of a Wenner four electrode arrangement and a Schlumberger electrode arrangement. Result: First, the characteristic of this technology is that the depth of smart multi-electrodes is organized differently to reduce the error range of the acquired data even in the stratigraphic structure with specificity between floors. Second, IT convergence technology was applied to enable real-time transmission and reception of information on land resistance data acquired from smart ground electrodes through the Internet of Things. Finally, it is possible to establish a regular management system and analyze big data accumulated in the server to check the trend of changes in various elements, and to model the optimal ground algorithm and ground system design for the IT convergence environment. Conclusion: This technology will reduce surge damage caused by lightning on urban infrastructure underlying the 4th industrial era and design an optimized ground system model to protect the safety and life of users. It is also expected to secure intellectual property rights of pure domestic technology to create jobs and revitalize our industry, which has been stagnant as a pandemic in the post-COVID-19 era.

The Meaning of Space in Los bravos (『용감한 사람들 Los bravos』에 나타난 공간의 의미)

  • Kim, Son-Ung
    • Cross-Cultural Studies
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    • v.46
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    • pp.173-197
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    • 2017
  • The present work aims to analyze the concept of space in $Jes{\acute{u}}s$ $Fern{\acute{a}}ndez$ Santos' work Los bravos. Throughout its pages, one can observe the multidimensional possibilities of space in literature. Throughout time, the concept of literary space has developed and it has been modified constantly in order to meet the needs required for the evolution of narratology. In the past, Aristotle stated that space is the place where characters and physical objects happen to exist. This remained almost unchanged until the Renaissance. In the $19^{th}$ century, space stopped being considered just a mere scene where the action takes place as it was given more importance by romantic authors in their works. Realism intensified the spaces as the interior of the house. In fact, the descriptions of space became more important. In this article, I focus on the various meanings of space in the novel Los bravos. First, I analyze the dichotomy between real and ideal spaces, and continue with the cathartic dimension of the fictional space. Then, I present and analyze the opposition between urban and rustic spaces in this novel, and, finally, I show the confrontation between the spaces of men and women. Through this analysis, we can observe that characters have a space where they feel more comfortable and how, occasionally, they leave their "usual space of action" to reach their "ideal place". Women want to stay in their kitchen to chat with each other, while men prefer to leave the house to visit a cafe with their colleagues. The door and the window divide the border of the worlds of men and women. However, that line is not only dividing the structure of the house, but it is also of a psychological house.

A Study on the Block Structure of the Land Readjustment Project Districts Focused on the case study of Cheongju City in the 1970's (토지구획정리사업지구의 가구(街區)체계에 관한 연구 -1970년대 청주시 사례를 중심으로-)

  • Kim, Mi Yeon;Oh, Deog-Seong
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.20 no.4
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    • pp.551-563
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    • 2019
  • This study examined the characteristics of a district through the concept of a block system in the physical aspect of the four land readjustment project districts of Cheongju City in the 1970s. The results of this study are as follows. First, the local road system for accessing the main road network and blocks was well established compared with the current urban development standards. On the other hand, since the access roads to the individual lots in the block were not equipped properly, it was difficult to improve a house. Second, according to the characteristics of the block, the Aspect Ratio of blocks was 1: 2 on average and most of those directions was east-west. The area of block from the 1st to 3rd districts was increasing, but districts 4 were decreasing. This also was changed to the shape of a contemporary block system. The larger the size of the block area, the lower the Jeobdoyul. Third, in terms of the characteristics of the lot array, blocks with a multi-row system of $4{\times}4$ or more were lots up to the 1st to 3rd district, but 4th district was improved greatly. Because blocks close a square shape have become excessively poor with Jeobdoyul, it was judged that it is difficult to improve the residential environment. Moreover, as the type of the residential development by the land readjustment project is standardized considerably and this type of land area is extensive, it can be an alternative to control the urban sprawl of suburbs if it finds the way to improve this type of the residential area considering this characteristic.

Determinants of Residence Intention and Its Policy Implications in Urban-Rural Complex Area : Focusing on the Endogeneity Between Regional Identity and Residence Intention (도농복합시 거주민의 거주의향 결정요인과 그 시사점 : 지역정체성과 거주의향 간의 내생성을 중심으로)

  • Yi, Hyang-Mi
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.20 no.8
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    • pp.610-617
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    • 2019
  • The urban-rural complex area in Korea has a distinctive spatial structure where the urban area and rural area coexist. Therefore, in order to cope with the over-depopulation in the rural region of the urban-rural complex area, it is necessary to explore various policies that can prevent the existing residents from leaving, and in fact support them to remain where they currently reside. In this context, this current study analyzed the factors affecting the existing residents' continuous intention to remain by employing the '2017 Chuncheon City Social Survey' as a countermeasure for the over-depopulation of the rural region in the urban-rural complex area. Especially, since a regional identity is determined endogenously, this study used a simultaneous bivariate ordered probit model with giving consideration to the endogenous relationship between a regional identity and a regional residents' intentions. As a result, it was found on analysis that the regional residential intention was higher as the regional identity was stronger. Furthermore, the regional identity was stronger as a householders' age and residence period were longer, and also as the residents were satisfied with their work leisure and life residence balance. It was also found that the residents' intention was higher as the residents' satisfaction with the local medical service and their work was increased. Thus, supporting policy is needed that can provide appropriate quality-of-life services in a timely manner, but only after identifying the demand for these services by the rural residents in the urban-rural complex area.

A Study on the Factors Affecting Newlyweds' Birth Plan - Focused on Newlyweds' housing and residential area characteristics using HLM - (신혼부부의 출산계획에 영향을 미치는 요인에 관한 연구 - HLM을 활용한 신혼부부의 주거특성과 지역특성을 중심으로)

  • Park, Seoyeon
    • Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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    • v.35 no.1
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    • pp.59-72
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    • 2019
  • This study focused on low fertility and population decline which threaten national competitiveness. Therefore, a comprehensive analysis was attempted on the impact of housing characteristics and residential area characteristics of newlyweds on their birth plan. To this end, the hierarchical linear model(HLM) was implemented using '2016 Korea Newlyweds' Housing Survey' data. The main findings of this study are as follows. First, the birth plan of newlyweds is affected not only by housing characteristics, but also residential area characteristics such as the average housing price, average private education expenses and the number of local child centers. Second, the use of housing loans and the housing tenure have an interaction effect with the average housing price and the number of local child centers among the residential area characteristics. In other words, the use of housing loans has a negative effect on the birth plan if the housing price is high in the area, and being renter household has a positive effect on the birth plan if the number of local child centers is high in the area. These findings suggest that governmental effort to raise the birthrate of newlyweds should take into account their housing characteristics as wells as residential area characteristics.

A Phenomenological Study on the Working Life of Older Wage Earners: Focusing on the Elderly in Seoul (고령 임금근로자들의 일하는 삶에 대한 현상학적 연구: 서울지역 거주 노인을 중심으로)

  • Park, Jisung;Yoon, Min-Suk
    • 한국노년학
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    • v.37 no.2
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    • pp.497-516
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    • 2017
  • This study explored the meaning and essential structure of the life of 12 older wage earners who are 65 years old or older residing in Seoul. For the in-depth analysis of the qualitative interviews, Giorgi(2012)'s phenomenological research method was used. Results presented a total of 349 meaning units, 35 core meanings, 16 emerging themes, and 6 essential themes. These essential themes consisted of a life tolerating contempt and prejudice, the hungry belly in the later years, a yoke of the subordinate, an unclimbable vertical wall, reviving the hours of youth through working, and labor pride. These six essential themes led to the essential structure of'small happiness that is felt at times out of the weary working life in later years. The research participants felt worn out by the social discrimination and unfair working conditions against older wage earners, but they felt relieved that they were able to work in old age and had a sense of self-esteem through their work. Working was the important tools for older wage earners to experience happiness in later years because it not only relieved their financial burden but also brought a sense of self-esteem and labor pride. Based on the results, we suggested as following: 1) with respect to social discrimination and unfair working conditions against older workers, the whole society should discuss it as the protection of human rights and take legal actions; 2) various service jobs need to be created so that older workers can contribute to the society by utilizing their experiences; and 3) educational programs of computer or internet use must be expanded through which older wage earners can improve their job skills.

Development of Linking & Management System for High-Resolution Raw Geo-spatial Data based on the Point Cloud DB (Point Cloud 기반의 고해상도 원시데이터 연계 및 관리시스템 개발)

  • KIM, Jae-Hak;LEE, Dong-Ha
    • Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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    • v.21 no.4
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    • pp.132-144
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    • 2018
  • 3D Geo-spatial information models have been widely used in the field of Civil Engineering, Medical, Computer Graphics, Urban Management and many other. Especially, in surveying and geo-spatial field, the demand for high quality 3D geospatial information and indoor spatial information is so highly increasing. However, it is so difficult to provide a low-cost and high efficiency service to the field which demand the highest quality of 3D model, because pre-constructed spatial data are composed of different formats and storage structures according to the application purpose of each institutes. In fact, the techniques to construct a high applicable 3D geo-spatial model is very expensive to collect and analyze geo-spatial data, but most demanders of 3D geo-spatial model never want to pay the high-cost to that. This study, therefore, suggest the effective way to construct 3D geo-spatial model with low-cost of construction. In general, the effective way to reduce the cost of constructing 3D geo-spatial model as presented in previous studies is to combine the raw data obtained from point cloud observatory and UAV imagery, however this method has some limitation of usage from difficulties to approve the use of raw data because of those have been managed separately by various institutes. To solve this problem, we developed the linking & management system for unifying a high-Resolution raw geo-spatial data based on the point cloud DB and apply this system to extract the basic database from 3D geo-spatial mode for the road database registration. As a result of this study, it can be provided six contents of main entries for road registration by applying the developed system based on the point cloud DB.

Analysis and Utilization Strategies of Ventilation Corridor Characteristics in Jeon-ju Area (전주지역의 바람길 특성 분석 및 활용 방안)

  • Eum, Jeong-Hee
    • Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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    • v.33 no.3
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    • pp.366-374
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    • 2019
  • This study aims to analyze the characteristics of ventilation corridor and propose its utilization strategies in Jeonju city in order to discuss how to utilize urban ventilation corridors as a planning factor for reducing heat wave impact and fine particle pollution. For these purposes, cold air characteristics such as cold air flow and height of cold air in Jeonju area located in the Honam Jeongmaek were analyzed and major ventilation corridors were specified. Based on them, we proposed mountain management strategies for securing and utilizing ventilation corridors. We used KALM (Kaltluftabflussmodell), a cold air simulation model developed in Germany and identified both the cold air flow and the height of cold air layer generated during 6 hours at night. As a result, the cold air flow generated in the forests located in the northeast and east sides of the Jeonju city became clear and the height of cold air layer increased in the valley terrain and farmland areas with time. In particular, Jeonju City has an ideal structure of urban ventilation corridor. Based on the results, the area where the cold air generation is active was designated as the 'cold air conservation area', and the area requiring the management for the good cold air flow was as the 'cold air management area'. This study is expected to be used as basic data of policy making and research for reducing heat wave impact and fine particle pollution such as climate change adaptation policy and urban forest plans for ventilation corridor composition.

management and exploitation of ecological data in lakes and rivers (수생태계의 데이터수집과 활용)

  • KIM, Bomchul
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society for Information Management Conference
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    • 2017.08a
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    • pp.103-103
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    • 2017
  • 생태학 분야에서는 생물의 분포, 변동, 서식환경요인의 변화, 등의 여러 종류의 데이터들이 수집되고 있는데 데이터의 형태가 다양하여 데이터의 관리와 활용형태도 다양하게 나타나고 있다. 근래에 들어 각 종 측정기기들이 개발되면서 생태조사 분야에서도 데이터의 양이 급증하는 시점에 있다. 수생태계 분야에서도 전통적인 생물상조사의 데이터는 크게 증가하지 않고 있지만 자동측정센서가 개발된 항목의 경우에는 데이터가 급증하는 단계에 있다. 수생태계에서 흔히 조사되는 플랑크톤의 군집구조 자료를 보면 하나의 조사대상 시료에서 출현하는 종의 수가 50 종정도에 이르며 각 개체의 종을 육안으로 확인하고 있으므로 종조성조사는 아직 자동화가 어렵다. 그러므로 플랑크톤 자료의 특성은 조사의 시료수(case)는 적고 측정항목(변수 variable)이 많은 특성을 가진다. 반면에 센서가 개발된 수질과 관련된 항목들은 자동측정설비가 확대되고 있어 변수는 적지만 장기간의 time series 들이 수집되고 있다. 녹조현상이 관심을 끌면서 여러 곳에 식물플랑크톤의 양을 측정하는 chlorophyll 센서가 설치되고 있는 것이 대표적인 사례이다. 그 외에 정량화되지 못하는 정성적 자료들도 수집되고 있으며 자료수집방법의 표준화도 미흡한 예가 많이 있고, 자료의 형태가 다양하여 데이터의 관리와 활용을 어렵게 한다. 환경부는 전국의 주요 하천 지점에서 정기적으로 수질을 측정하여 공개하고 있으며, 일부 지점에는 자동수질측정시설을 설치하여 측정의 빈도를 높이고 있다. 하천이나 호수에서 센서를 이용한 고빈도 모니터링은 그 동안 인지하지 못하였던 단기적 생태계 변화에 대해 새로운 정보를 제공하여 연구의 장르를 넓혀 가고 있다. 도시하천에서 산소를 측정한 사례를 보면 강우 시에 일시적으로 산소가 고갈되는 현상이 관찰되며, 부영양한 호수와 하천에서는 주야간 산소의 급격한 변동이 생태계 스트레스 요인으로 작용하고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 식물플랑크톤 센서의 연구에 의해 단기적인 변동이 크게 나타나고 있음이 새로이 밝혀지기도 하였다. 데이터의 수집과 활용도를 높이려는 노력도 이루어지고 있다. 과거에는 개인단위로 이루어지던 연구가 이제는 데이터를 수집하고 공유하는 플랫폼이 만들어 지면서 공동연구가 확대되고 있고, 국제적으로 지역을 초월하는 공동연구도 가능하게 되었다. 국제호수관측망학회(Global Lake Ecological Observatory Network, GLEON)이 그 사례이며 세계 여러 나라의 학자들이 참여하여 국제적으로 데이터를 공유하고 공동연구를 촉진하는 역할을 하고 있다. 생태계데이터의 증가는 생태학자들의 연구역량을 초과하는 데이터의 관리와 활용의 능력을 요구할 것이며 환경 생태 IT 분야의 융합연구의 필요성이 크게 대두되고 있다. 그간 데이터베이스의 구축에는 일부 성과가 있었으나 아직 수집된 데이터의 활용도를 높이고 타분야와의 협력연구 시너지를 확대하려는 노력은 부족하다. 이제는 데이터의 수집과 저장뿐 아니라 데이터의 활용도를 높일 수 있도록 학제적 협력연구를 촉진하는 off-line 모임도 확대할 때이다.

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