• Title/Summary/Keyword: 도마

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The Comparative Studies on the Distribution and Species Composition of Forest Community in Korea and Japan around the East Sea (한국과 일본의 동해안 지역에 분포하는 산림군락의 종조성과 분포에 관한 비교 연구)

  • Yun, Jong-Hak;Hukusima, Tukasa;Kim, Moon-Hong;Yoshikawa, Masato
    • Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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    • v.25 no.3
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    • pp.327-357
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    • 2011
  • This study compared the species composition and distribution of the forest communities between Korea and Japan using vegetation releve database. The study included the eastern and southern Korean Peninsula, Is. Jeju, Is. Ulreung, northern Kyushu, central part of Japan and Is. Tsushima and divided in fourteen region with major mountain as the center. Seventy-nine forest communities were classified by tabular comparison with the total of 1844 releves. In the composition table, fifty-four groups of plant species were listed. Some grew in one area exclusively, while others were present in multiple locations. This study showed the similarity and heterogeneity of species composition among study areas. We grouped fourteen types showing similar physiognomy for forest communities. The physiognomical features of the vertical vegetation zones in the study area were similar, however, dominant species and species composition were different between the regions. In the lowland zone, Castanopsis-Type dominated by Castanopsis cuspidata var. sieboldii or Castanopsis cuspidata were distributed in the study area except for northern part of the Korean Peninsula and Is. Ulreung. Additionally, Persea thunbergii-Type was distributed widely in the lowest part of the study area, however, it showed the simplification of the species composition in the Korean Peninsula and Is. Ulreung. In the hilly zone, evergreen forest composed by Abies firma-Type distributed in northern Kyushuand Is. Tsushima, but it was absent in the other study region. The difference in forest community was conspicuous, especially in the montane zone. Deciduous broadleaved forests composed Quercus(D)-Type and Fagus-Type widely distributed in the montane of study area. However, forest community dominated by Quercus mongolica and Fagus multinervis flourished in Korea. On the otherhand, forest community dominated by Quercus mongolica var. grosseserrata, Fagus crenata and F. japonica distributed in Japan. In the sub-alpine zone, evergreen coniferous forest composed Abies-Quercus(D)-Type, Abies koreana-Type, and Pinus pumila-Type were distributed in the Korean Peninsula and Is. Jeju. Forests composed Taxus cuspidata var. nana-Type, Abies mariesii-Type, and Pinus pumila-Type distributed in the central part of Japan. As a result of DCA ordination, evergreen broadleaved forests of the whole study area showed the lower scores along the first axis, while deciduous and coniferous forests showed the higher scores. The forest types of western part of Japan were located the higer scores, forest types of the Korean Peninsula were located the lower scores, and forest types of Is. Jeju located in the middle. Warmth index (WI) and Annual range of temperature in climate factor were highly correlated on the first axis. The first axis reflected the gradient from oceanic climatic to continental one. The higher the altitude and further geographically, the lower the similarity among communities and the peculiarity of community appeared stronger. The historical background reflecting local flora has strongly influenced on development of community.

Food Safety Knowledge and Home Food Safety Practices of Home-delivered Meal Service Recipients (가정배달 노인급식 수혜자의 위생지식 및 가정에서의 위생관리 습관)

  • Lee, Kyung-Eun;Yi, Na-Young;Park, Jung-Yeon
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.38 no.5
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    • pp.618-625
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    • 2009
  • The purposes of this study were to evaluate food safety knowledge and to assess home food safety performance of home-delivered meal service recipients. Two facilities providing home-delivered meal services for older adults were located in Seoul. A total of 120 service recipients were surveyed using an individual interview technique and 97 responses were used for data analysis. A statistical data analysis was completed using SPSS program (ver.14) for descriptive analysis, t-test, ANOVA, and correlation analysis. The majority of the participants were 70 years old or older and females. They perceived their health status as poor or very poor and took more than one kind of medicines. An average score of the food safety knowledge test was 11.48 based on 18 points (63.8%). The results revealed that the older adults knew the importance of hand washing but were not aware of when and how to wash hands. There was room to improve knowledge on cleaning and sanitizing fresh fruits and using wiping cloth. The knowledge score for each category was not significantly different by gender and age. The home food safety practices of the older adults was rated as 2.8 out of 4 points; the highest score was associated for proper food handling category and the lowest score was for cleaning and sanitizing. The worst performance was related to managing hand cuts and wounds (1.96). The total knowledge score and an average performance score were significantly correlated (p<0.01). Food safety education programs targeting the older adults who receive home-delivered meal services would improve the recipients' food safety knowledge and practices related to consumption of the meals at home. The programs should focus on not only improving food safety knowledge but also changing food safety practices.

The Bibliographical Study on Development of Yackwa (약과(藥果) 문화(文化)의 변천에 관(關)한 문헌적(文獻的) 고찰(考察))

  • Cho, Shin-Ho;Lee, Hyo-Gee
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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    • v.2 no.1
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    • pp.33-43
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    • 1987
  • The cooking processes of Yackwa writen in 27 Korean books were reviewed. The changes of the names, shapes, materials and methods of dough, and the methods of frying, the materials and methods of soaking, garnishes were reviewed based on the historical literatures. 1. The changes of names of Yackwa were Yackwa, Kwajul, Chokwa and the shapes were bird, animal, round or cubic. The diameter was about 3.5cm, and thickness was from 0.5cm to 1.5cm. 2. The major ingredients of Yackwa were flour, honey, sesame oil and alcohol beverages. Sometimes, soybean powder and rice powder were used instead of flour, and chochung, sugar water, sugar syrup were used instead of honey. Sesame oil was usually used but salad oil were used occasionally. Usually pure liquor, distilled spirits, rice wine, cloudy and coarse rice wine, whisky were used as alcoholic ingredient and water was used at boiling state. Sesame and sesame salt, ginger and ginger juice, pepper powder, pine nuts powder, salt were used as minor ingredients. 3. Though the flour was kneaded extensively or gently, the latter was peculier since 1940. 4. The dough was fried in oil at $120{\sim}160^{\circ}C$ for $5{\sim}15$ minutes. at that time, The shape will be broken if temperature of oil is too low and too harden if temperature is too high. 5. Fried dough was soaked in honey before 1940, but thereafter other sweeteners, such as chochung, syrup were also used. Ginger juice, dried ginger, citron juice were used for flavor. 6. For enhancing the flavor and softening excess oil was removed from the fried Yackwa, and then it was soaked in honey. 7. The garnishes of Yackwa were pine nuts powder, cinnamon powder, sugar, etc.

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Correlation Analysis of Inspection Results and ATP Bioluminescence Assay for Verification of Hygiene Status at 5 Star Hotels in Korea (국내 주요 5성급 호텔의 위생실태 조사와 ATP 결과의 상관분석 평가 연구)

  • Kim, Bo-Ram;Lee, Jung-A;Ha, Sang-Do
    • Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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    • v.36 no.1
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    • pp.42-50
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    • 2021
  • Along with the rapid growth of the food service industry, food safety requirements and hygiene are increasing in importance in restaurants and hotels. Accordingly, there is a need for quick and practical monitoring techniques to determine hygiene status in the field. In this study, we investigated 5 domestic 5-star hotels specifically, personal hygiene (hands of workers), cooking utensils (knife, cutting board, food storage container, slicing machine blade, ice-maker scoop) and other facilities (refrigerator handle, sink). In addition, we examined the hygiene management status of customer contact points (tongs for buffet, etc.) to derive the correlation between the ATP values as a, a verification method. As a result of our five-hotel survey, we found that cooking utensils and personal hygiene were relatively sanitary compared to other inspection items (cookware 92.2%, personal hygiene 91.4%, facilities and equipment 76.19%, customer contact items 88.6%). According to our ATP-based mothod, kitchen utensils (51 ± 45 RLU/25㎠) were relatively clean compared to other with facilities and equipment (167 ± 123 RLU/25㎠). In the present study, we also evaluated the usefulness of the ATP bioluminescence method for monitoring surface hygiene at hotel restaurants. After correlation analysis of surveillance of hygienic status points and ATP assay, most results showed negative and high correlation (-0.64--0.89). Our ATP assay (92 ± 67 RLU/25㎠) of each item after cleaning showed signigicantly reduced results compared to the ATP assay (1020 ± 1254 RLU/25㎠) for normal status, thereby indicating its suitability as a tool to verify the validity of cleaning. By our results, ATP bioluminescence could be used as an effective tool for visual numerical evaluation of invisible contaminants.

Evaluation of the Radioimmunotherapy Using I-131 labeled Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor2 Antibody in Melanoma Xenograft Murine Model (흑색종에서의 I-131표지 혈관내피세포성장인자 수용체2항체를 이용한 방사면역치료 평가)

  • Kim, Eun-Mi;Jeong, Hwan-Jeong;Park, Eun-Hye;Cheong, Su-Jin;Lee, Chang-Moon;Jang, Kyu-Yun;Kim, Dong-Wook;Lim, Seok-Tae;Sohn, Myung-Hee
    • Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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    • v.42 no.4
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    • pp.307-313
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    • 2008
  • Purpose: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptor, fetal liver kinase 1 (Flk-1), play an important role in vascular permeability and tumor angiogenesis. The aim of this study is to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of $^{131}I$ labeled anti-Flk-1 monoclonal antibody (DC101) on the growth of melanoma tumor, which is known to be very aggressive in vivo. Materials and Methods: Balb/c nude mice were injected subcutaneously with melanoma cells in the right flank. Tumors were allowed to grow up to $200-250\;mm^3$ in volume. Gamma camera imaging and biodistribution studies were performed to identify an uptake of $^{131}I$-DC101 in various organs. Mice with tumor were randomly divided into five groups (10 mice per group) and injected intravenously; control PBS (group 1), $^{131}I$-DC101 $50\;{\mu}g/mouse$ (group 2), non-labeled DC101 $50\;{\mu}g/mouse$ (group 3), $^{131}I$-DC101 $30\;{\mu}g/mouse$ (group 4) and $15\;{\mu}g/mouse$ (group 5) every 3 or 4 days for 20 days. Tumor volume was measured with caliper twice a week. Results: In gamma camera images, the uptake of $^{131}I$-DC101 into tumor and thyroid was increased with time. Biodistribution results showed that the radioactivity of blood and other major organ was gradually decreased with time whereas tumor uptake was increased up to 48 hr and then decreased. After 4th injection of $^{131}I$-DC101, tumor volume of group 2 and 4 was significantly smaller than that group 1. After 5th injection, the tumor volume of group 5 also significantly reduced. Conclusion: These results indicated that delivery of $^{131}I$ to tumor using FlK-1 antibody, DC101, effectively blocks tumor growth in aggressive melanoma xenograft model.