• Korean Journal of Logic
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.183-209
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• 2019

In this paper, I first examine Reiss'(2005) arguments for the causal instrumental variable. Second, I argue that the conditions for causal transitivity I consider meet what the causal instrumental variables and the interveners of the manipulation theory of causation are intended to hold. Reiss shows that two conditions for instrumental variables are not sufficient for causal significance of independent variables for dependent variables. Reiss articulates and reformulates the conditions for instrumental variables in terms of the conditions on causality, while naming his instrumental variables as causal instrumental variables. Reiss argues that the causal instrumental variables are similar to the interveners of the manipulation, or intervention theory of causation. He further argues that the causal instrumental variables do a better job the interveners do. I argue that the conditions for causal transitivity I consider meet the goal the conditions for the causal instrumental variables and the conditions for the interveners both are intended to achieve.

• Archives of design research
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• v.11
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• pp.122-126
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• 1995

본 논문에서는 ‘제품 디자인’개발과정에 인간공학을 적용하는 도구 개발 프로젝트의 일환으로 연구된 ‘컴퓨터를 이용한 인간공학 디자인 교육 도구’의 연구 결과물을 정리하여 제시하고자 한다. 제품 디자이너에게 필요한 인간공학기법은 삼차원 공간상에서 표현돼야 할 요소가 많다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 컴퓨터를 이용하여 인간공학기법을 제품 디자이너가 쉽게 익히고 활용할 수 있게 함을 목적으로 한다. 본 컴퓨터를 이용한 교습 도구의 개발은 1)디자이너에게 필요한 인간공학 기법들을 찾아내고, 2)이 기법들을 디자이너가 이해하기 쉽게 정리한 다음, 3)교습도구를 개발하는 순 으로 진행되었다. 도구 개발 기간은 총 6개월이 소요됐으며, 보다 나은 교습도구의 개발을 위해서 사용자 평가도 행해졌다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2005.07b
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• pp.481-483
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• 2005

현재 온톨로지는 많은 분야에서 활발하게 연구되고 있다. 온톨로지 구축에 관한 표준 언어가 W3C에 의해 공표되었으며, 온톨로지를 구축하기 위한 많은 도구들이 개발되어져 왔다. 그러한 도구들은 각각 특징이 있고, 온톨로지의 구축물 위해 최적화되어 있지만, 한가지 단정은 도구의 일반성의 결여이다. 기존의 모든 온톨로지 구축 도구들은 온톨로지 전문가를 위한 전문가용 구축 도구라고 해도 과언이 아니다. 그리하여 온톨로지에 관심이 있는 일반 사용자가 그러한 도구들을 사용하기 위해 많은 노력이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 이런 단점을 보완하기 위하여 온톨로지 언어에 대한 사용자 지침 표준안을 만들고, 이 표준안을 온톨로지 구축 도구에 적용하여 보다 쉽고 정확한 온톨로지 구축이 가능한 온톨로지 구축 도구를 설계 하였다.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.10 no.7
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• pp.383-390
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• 2019

This study was done to evaluate current spiritual distress assessment tools and to assess nursing research adapted this spiritual distress assessment tools. Spiritual distress assessment tools were identified through systematic review. Ten studies about spiritual distress assessment tools were identified. In these studies, three international and one domestic standardized assessment tools were found. The purpose of developing these tools was to provide spiritual care through assessing spiritual distress. Domestic assessment tool had low reliability, was not proved by constructive validity, and did not include multidimensional spiritual concepts. International assessment tools may take into account cultural and religious backgrounds in the context for cultural adaptation of instruments. Based on these results, the development of Korean version of spiritual distress assessment tool is recommended.

• Communications of Mathematical Education
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.455-475
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to investigate characteristics of pre-service teachers' cognition about learning through the use of technology by employing a teacher education program in the use of technology-friendly flipped classroom. For this purpose, 45 pre-service teachers participated in the study and they completed both pre- and post-surveys including questions about Technology Adopter Category Index(TACI) and Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge(TPACK). They were also asked to write self-reflections on mathematics softwares(Geometer's Sketch Pad(GSP), Geogebra, Cabri 3D). Results show that the teacher education program in the use of technology-friendly flipped classroom affected pre-service teachers' cognitions of TACI and TPACK, and they perceived that technology integration helped students' mathematics learning process. Findings from this study indicate that ideas about how to develop a technology-friendly teacher education program are more specified..

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.23
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• pp.3-43
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• 2010

Finding aids are tools which facilitate to locate and understand archives and records. Traditionally there are two types of archival finding aids: vertical and horizontal. Vertical finding aids such as inventories have multi-level descriptions based on provenance, while horizontal ones such as catalogs and index are tools to guide to the vertical finding aids based on the subject. In the web environment, traditional finding aids are evolving into more dynamic forms. Respecting the principles of provenance and original order, vertical finding aids are changing to multi-entity structures with development of ISAD(G), ISAAR(CPF) and ISDF as standards for describing each entity. However, vertical finding aids can be too difficult, complicated, and boring for many users, who are accustomed to the easy and exciting searching tools in the internet world. Complementing them, new types of finding aids are appearing to provide easy, interesting, and extensive access channels. This study investigates the development and limitation of vertical finding aids, and the recent trend of evolving new finding aids complementing the vertical ones. The study finds three new trends of finding aid development. They are (i) mixture, (ii) integration, and (iii) openness. In recent days, certain finding aids are mixed with stories and others provide integrated searches for the collections of various heritage institutions. There are cases for experimenting user participation in the development of finding aids using Web 2.0 applications. These new types of finding aids can also cause some problems such as decontextualised description and prejudices, especially in the case of mixed finding aids and quality control of user contributed annotations and comments. To solve these problems, the present paper suggests to strengthen the infrastructure of vertical finding aids and to connect them with various new ones and to facilitate interactions with users of finding aids. It is hoped that the present paper will provide impetus for archives including the National Archives of Korea to set up and evaluate the development strategies for archival finding aids.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.11
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• pp.5229-5237
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• 2012

Occupational therapist is required for patient-centered approaches to actively seek the perspectives of patients and their families in clinical settings. The purpose of this study was to investigate the current trends and to suggest future-oriented view of examination and assessment used by neurological occupational therapist in clinical settings. Sixty-six occupational therapists who work in persons with neurological disorders participated in this study. The survey was measured from Seoul and GyeongGi by means of E-mail about commonly used assessment tools and selecting considerations. The participants were 66 neurological occupational therapists. The number of patients by one day was from 10 to 14 persons, and the length of time for initial evaluation was 20-40 minutes per one patient, and reexamination periods was every 1 month or as functional changes were detected. The using tool was not limited only neurological tools, and choice consideration was the reliability and validity of clinical measures. The most frequently used tools for adults were: JHFT for motor function in upper extremity, MMSE-K for cognitive perceptual assessment, MBI for daily activity assessment, and COPM for occupational performance. The most frequently used tools for child were: MVPT for cognitive perceptual assessment and Wee-FIM for daily activity assessment. The results of this study suggest that it is necessary to integrate and associate patient-report, care-giver report, and results of performance-based assessment for estimating plan of care more quality.

• Digital Contents
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• no.2 s.69
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• pp.78-88
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• 1999

분산객체관리 시스템을 구축하기 위해 사용되는 자동화도구 중에서 특별히 JAVA에 관련되고 웹을 구축할 수 있는 프로그램 자동화도구에 대하여 알아보기로 한다. 여기에서는 JBuilder, Netdynamics, Prolifics, Recital Internet Developer, Sappjire/Web, Vibe Enterprise, Visual Cafe Pfo, WebObject, WebSpeed의 9가지 CASE 도구를 선택하여 이 도구들의 평가버전, 제품의 운영환경, 강점, 약점, 제품의 구성, 제품전략, 작업절차의 순서로 설명하기로 하겠다.

• Education of Primary School Mathematics
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.431-444
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a mathematics anxiety scale for elementary students in South Korea. Based on the literature review, I developed two types of survey items measuring elementary students' mathematics anxiety. Teachers or students may use survey measurements selectively according to the students' participants in mathematics private institutions. In order to assess the reliability and validity of survey items, I conducted surveys with elementary students. The sample consisted of 300 elementary students in public elementary schools in Seoul. A total of 28 items were developed and examined for the internal consistence. The results showed that the proposed scale was appropriate to represent the mathematics anxiety of elementary students. The survey items of this study could be applied for assessing elementary students' mathematics anxiety regardless of their gender and age factors.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Information Management Conference
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• 1997.08a
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• pp.59-62
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• 1997

본 연구는 WWW 탐색도구의 검색성능을 평가하고, 또 검색성능에 영향을 미치는 요인들을 밝혀내기 위하여 수행되었다. 탐색도구의 데이터베이스 구축방식과 색인기법, 탐색기법, 이용자 인터페이스에 관련된 현황분석을 토대로 탐식도구의 검색성능에 영향을 미치는 요인들을 알아보기 위하여 검색실험을 수행하였다. 실험결과의 분석은 각 탐색도구의 검색효율과 검색결과의 중복도 및 유사도, 검색결과의 순위 및 적합성 순위부여 알고리즘. 웹 문서의 수집기법, 탐색도구의 최신성을 기준으로 이루어졌다.