• The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education
• /
• v.23 no.4
• /
• pp.61-68
• /
• 2020

The purpose of this study is to develop a debugging task to support process-centered assessment on software(SW) education and to develop a service site. Achievement criteria for programming in elementary and middle school SW curriculum consists of control structures such as repetition and condition, and elements such as variables and input/output. In order to apply the process-centered assessment presented by the Ministry of Education, it is necessary to present tasks that can be used in the actual classroom environment and to consider connection with achievement levels. Therefore, in this study, 12 tasks for elementary school and 15 tasks for middle school were developed as debugging tasks and their validity was verified. As a result of conducting Delphi verification for validity, it was found that the level and content of the debugging task are appropriate. In addition, as a result of verifying the usability of the debugging challenge site by applying a heuristic evaluation method, it was found that it is suitable for use in the real educational field.

• Health Policy and Management
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.65-84
• /
• 2012

Because of the rising healthcare costs, there is a growing need for developing efficiency indicators for medical resources use and measuring efficiency of healthcare providers and healthcare systems using them. In this study, we aimed to develop efficiency indicators for medical resources use by means of Delphi technique. We systematically reviewed the existing measures of medical resource use. Thirty nine indicators were selected as a candidates across the six domains: medical personnel, medical equipment, medical facilities, ethical management, resource efficiency, and drug use. To develop efficiency indicators with professional consensus, a 2-round Delphi survey was conducted among 29 professional experts. The following indicators were selected based on the Delphi survey results: adjusted number of the patient per day and level of the nurse number medical personnel in medical personnel domain; the number of the scan a professional physician and the quality of the scan in medical equipment domain; bed utilization rate in medical facility domain; drug price reported pharmaceutical price by medical institutions, medical fee billing transparency, and medical care appropriateness in ethical management domain; costliness index in resource efficiency domain; and utilization of high cost drug and items per prescription in drug use domain. The efficiency indicators could provide valid information about efficiency of healthcare providers and healthcare systems with respect to their resources use and facilitate policies to improve their efficiency.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.19 no.10
• /
• pp.287-293
• /
• 2021

Recently, public certificates issued by nationally-recognized certification bodies have been abolished, and internet companies have issued their own common certificates as certification authority. The Electronic Signature Act was amended in a way to assign responsibility to Internet companies. As the use of a joint certificate issued by Internet companies as a certification authority is allowed, it is expected that the fraud damage caused by the theft of public key certificates will increase. We propose an authentication model that can be used in a security gateway that combines PKI with a blockchain with integrity and security. and to evaluate its practicality, we evaluated the security of the authentication model using Sugeno's hierarchical fuzzy integral, an evaluation method that excludes human subjectivity and importance degree using Delphi method by expert group. The blockchain-based joint certificate is expected to be used as a base technology for services that prevent reckless issuance and misuse of public certificates, and secure security and convenience.

• Journal of vocational education research
• /
• v.29 no.3
• /
• pp.157-185
• /
• 2010

This study aims to develop a process-oriented evaluation criteria that can be applied during the collection, description, and the provision of information necessary to improving and sustaining the cyber education program for human resource development. The conclusion obtained in the study is as described below. First, the process-oriented evaluation criteria of cyber education program for human resource development was divided into 4 dimensions, 13 evaluation categories, 29 evaluation sub-categories, and 125 evaluation clauses. Secondly, the process-oriented evaluation criteria of cyber education program for human resource development was divided into 4 dimensions, 13 evaluation categories, 29 evaluation sub-categories, and 125 evaluation clauses through the Delphi research method. Thirdly, the contents validity ratio (CVR) of each clauses ranged between .31-1.00 and therefore can be said to be valid. Also, the Cronbach's credibility for the validity of the developed evaluation criteria scored .980.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
• /
• v.34 no.2
• /
• pp.113-121
• /
• 2023

Recently, low hydrogen carbon production technology is drawing interest due to lower production costs. Although the pace of research in this field has been accelerating, there is no well-established criteria for evaluation. The most of current evaluation methods needs information related to technology. However the technology is not enough to provide effective evaluation criteria because the technology is not fully developed. In this study, we propose an integrated Delphi-analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method and low carbon hydrogen production technology evaluation model. Experts opinion is used to provide evaluation criteria for the technology. In this study, integrated Delphi-AHP method are utilized for determining factors and calculating their numerical importance based on experts opinion. Then, sensitivity analysis is performed to verify the robustness of the analysis and scenarios of potential changes. As many as 11 factors are identified by Delphi method. Then, numerical importance of the factors are calculated by AHP. Sensitivity analysis is performed. It shows that intellectual property right (IPR) is always more important than other factors. This study proposes the numerical standard for the low carbon hydrogen production technology evaluation. The proposed model can be used for technology evaluation or commercialization.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
• /
• v.33 no.1
• /
• pp.117-128
• /
• 2023

Due to the full revision of the Digital Signature Act (enforcement on December 10, 2020), various certificates are being released and competing in the market. Under fierce competition, the certificate market share of large IT platform companies is increasing, and it is predicted that they will eventually monopolize the market. Therefore, identifying the consumer's certificate choice factors and understanding the difference in importance between the choice factors are essential elements for establishing a company's strategy for the certificate market and product positioning, and are key points in setting the government's certificate policy direction. In this study, consumers' certificate choice factors were extracted based on the details of preceding papers and surveys, and based on the extracted choice factors, 4 choice factors (reliability of issuer, program installation, certificate usage method(how to use), versatility(where to use)) were identified through a Delphi survey. As a result of conjoint analysis by conducting a consumer survey with selected choice factors, the reliability of the issuer was found to be the most important utility value. In order of importance, the certificate usage method(how to use), program installation, and versatility(where to use) appeared.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
• /
• v.47 no.6
• /
• pp.419-429
• /
• 2023

The pinnacle of rapidly changing and advancing maritime transportation technology is expected to be the Maritime Autonomous Surface Ship (MASS). The implementation of various services within the MASS is likely to be feasible through the ship-centric network known as the S2X communication system. However, existing communication systems face issues such as service traffic saturation and failure to meet demanded functionalities, necessitating the proactive introduction of additional communication technologies. In this study, the concept of S2X communication for the MASS was redefined, deriving required functionalities and ultimately selecting frequencies suitable for utilization. Candidate frequency groups suitable for the derived communication requirements were identified, and communication frequencies prioritized for the initial application were chosen through expert consensus. It is anticipated that through further research, including experimentation to validate these frequencies, they could be utilized in implementing services for autonomous ship navigation in the future.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.202-217
• /
• 2022

Purpose: The recent increased use of Personal Mobility (PM) has been accompanied by a rise in the annual number of accidents. Accordingly, the safety requirements for PM use are being strengthened, but the laws/systems, infrastructure, and management systems remain insufficient for fostering a safe environment. Therefore, this study comprehensively searches the main problems and improvement methods through a review of previous studies that are related to PM. Then the priorities according to the importance of the improvement methods are presented through the Delphi survey. Method: The research method is mainly composed of a literature study and an expert survey (Delphi survey). Prior research and improvement cases (local governments, government departments, companies, etc.) are reviewed to derive problems and improvements, and a problem/improvement classification table is created based on keywords. Based on the classification contents, an expert survey is conducted to derive a priority improvement plan. Result: The PM-related problems were in 'non-compliance with traffic laws, lack of knowledge, inexperienced operation, and lack of safety awareness' in relation to human factors, and 'device characteristics, road-drivable space, road facilities, parking facilities' in relation to physical factors. 'Management/supervision, product management, user management, education/training' as administrative factors and legal factors are divided into 'absence/sufficiency of law, confusion/duplication, reduced effectiveness'. Improvement tasks related to this include 'PM education/public relations, parking/return, road improvement, PM registration/management, insurance, safety standards, traffic standards, PM device safety, PM supplementary facilities, enforcement/management, dedicated organization, service providers, management system, and related laws/institutional improvement', and 42 detailed tasks are derived for these 14 core tasks. The results for the importance evaluation of detailed tasks show that the tasks with a high overall average for the evaluation items of cost, time, effect, urgency, and feasibility were 'strengthening crackdown/instruction activities, education publicity/campaign, truancy PM management, and clarification of traffic rules'. Conclusion: The PM market is experiencing gradual growth based on shared services and a safe environment for PM use must be ensured along with industrial revitalization. In this respect, this study seeks out the major problems and improvement plans related to PM from a comprehensive point of view and prioritizes the necessary improvement measures. Therefore, it can serve as a basis of data for future policy establishment. In the future, in-depth data supplementation will be required for each key improvement area for practical policy application.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.185-194
• /
• 2018

This study investigates the limitations of blockchain technology and the ways to improve it by using Delphi technique. Limit factors and improvement measures are classified into technology, service, and legal system. First, from a technical point of view, lack of standardization of the technology, insufficiency of integration, lack of scalability, unclear cancellation or correction policy, excessive cost of transaction verification, insufficient personal information protection and not enough to respond to hacking defense were the limiting factors. In order to improve these, the followings; ensuring standardization, securing integration and scalability, establishing cancellation of each applicable data, establishment of correction policy, efficiency of verification cost, the protection of personal information and countermeasure against hacking are provided. The related technology development and countermeasures must be established to effectively introduce the blockchain technology to the market. Second, in the early stage of blockchain service, it showed lack of utilization of the blockchain, security threat, shortage of skilled workers, and lack of legal liability. As a solution to these problems, it is necessary to suggest various applications, against security threat, training professional manpower, and securing legal responsibility. It should also provide a foundation for providing institutionally stable services. Third, from as legal system point of view, inadequate legal compliance, lack of relevant regulation, and uncertainty in the regulation were the limiting factors. Therefore establishing a legal system, which is the most important area for activating the service, should be accompanied by the provision of legal countermeasures, clearness of regulations and measures to be taken by relevant governmental authorities. This study will contribute as a reference for a research, related to the blockchain.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.19-26
• /
• 2009

This study was undertaken to analyze the hygienic problems of group food services and to predict the outbreak patterns of future food-borne diseases. A delphi survey with 20 experts identified the main causes of food-borne outbreaks in group food services as improper hygienic management of raw food materials, washing of worker's hands, dividing the spaces and unsanitary retail storage. Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Escherichia coli (EPEC), non-typhoid Salmonella serotypes, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli (ETEC), norovirus, and the hepatitis A virus all have potential to cause outbreaks of food-borne disease. We analyzed the daily food use and the possibility of food-borne outbreaks in school food services for fruits, milk, fish, pork, eggs, and meat as raw food materials, and bibimbab, soybean sprouts muchim, spinach namul, cucumber sengchae, jabchae, and pork bulgogi as prepared food items. Frozen (${\leq}\;-20^{\circ}C$) and refrigerated ($0{\sim}10^{\circ}C$) processed foods are popular items in group food services. Their storage, heating, and chemical sanitization methods are potential sources of food disease outbreaks. Our results can be applied to a well-organized hygiene control system and can be used to develop menus for preventing food-borne outbreaks.