• Title/Summary/Keyword: 대항조치

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The Characteristics and Suggestions of the Unilateral Retaliation in the WTO Dispute Settlement Mechanism (WTO분쟁해결제도에서 일방적 보복조치의 특성과 시사점)

  • Hong, Sungkyu
    • International Commerce and Information Review
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    • v.19 no.1
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    • pp.155-187
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    • 2017
  • In the US, the Sections 301 of the Trade Act of 1974 are still being used to resolve disputes. The U.S' such unilateral retaliations grounded on the Sections 301 of the Trade Act, in fact, violate the WTO agreements and hinder the development of international trade as the trade partner may assume it as a reprisal move impeding the fair settlement of disputes. Here, this study is going to examine the characteristics and functions of the WTO dispute settlement system briefly and compare the countermeasures recognized to be legitimate by the WTO with the U.S' unilateral retaliation. Also, this author will analyse the US-Japan Automobiles (DS6) and EC-Bananas III (DS27) as one of the typical cases resulted from the unilateral retaliation. According to the result, these cases do not conform to WTO-consistency, and it implies that it is absurd to accept the US' unilateral retaliation internationally. In conclusion, presently, it is a global trend to solidify protectionism, and to vitalize trade and resolve trade disputes efficiently, it is needed to prohibit the recourse to unilateral retaliations and also positively apply the WTO dispute settlement system(DSU) defining rules about how to strengthen the multilateral system.

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A Study on the Development of Anchoring Manual for T.S. HANBADA (실습선 한바다호의 묘박 지침 개발에 관한 연구)

  • Jung, Chang-Hyun;Kong, Gil-Yong
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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    • v.15 no.1
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    • pp.49-55
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    • 2009
  • Typhoons are usually influencing at least 3 or 4 times per year in Korean peninsula and they accompanied with strong winds and heavy rains and then brought tremendous loss of properties and lives. Especially typhoon "MAEMI" resulted in a lot of marine accidents of vessels such as sinking, stranding, collision etc. at anchoring or on berthing in pier. If the typhoon comes up to expected area influencing the incidents, the vessel tries to escape from the route of typhoon or anchor in sheltering anchorage. However, consideration of the anchoring or judgement of ship's safety against strong winds is decided only by the experience of operators without detail evaluation of the safety. Therefore, this paper evaluated the safety of T.S. HANBADA by comparing the external forces with the holding powers. Furthermore, based on this evaluation, the anchoring manual was produced for the maximum endurable wind velocity, the general precautions and the actions taken on the ship with steps.

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