• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.216-223
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• 2000

In order to study origin and mixing ratio of surface water masses in the East China Sea (ECS), the South Sea of Korea and the Korea Strait, we use three end-member mixing equation. We use $^{228}$Ra/$^{226}$Ra activity ratio and salinity as two conservative tracer and the Changjiang Water (CW), the Yellow Sea Water (YSW), and the Kuroshio Water (KW) as three end members, Results show that ECS surface water includes all the three end member water, in the order of KW (50-90%), YSW (20-40%) and CW (0-20%) in August 1997. Also, the amount of CW can be approximately estimated by salinity alone. Surface water of the South Sea and the Korea Strait includes very small or almost no CW (below 2% except station 9) in May 1998. Thus in the Korea Strait mixing ratio could be estimated by $^{228}$Ra/$^{226}$Ra activity ratio tracer alone between two end-members, KW and YSW. However, in order to Set more accurate results or in case of rainy season, a mixing equation based on two tracers and three end-members is required.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.230-243
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• 1984

Larvae of fishes were collected at 26 stations in the Korea Strait, by horizontal towings using the fish larval net (Norpac) in the surface layer and by oblique towings using Isaac-Kid mid-water trawl in the mid-water layer in summer (July) and in autumn (November), in 1983. The towing speed was 1.5 knots. Of the larval fish examined, 3,529 individuals were identified to generic and specific levels. They belong to 27 families, consisting of 38 species in 37 genera. Unidentified were 114 specimens. The most abundant species was Engraulis japonica which occupied $88.5\%$ of the whole 3,645 individuals. Diaphus sp. took the second place with 50 individuals ($l.3\%$). Seasonally abundant species were in the order of Engraulis japonica, a Gobid, Trichiurus lepturus, and Diaphus sp. in summer, and in the order of Diaphus sp., Engraxlis japonica, Bothus sp., and a Ophichthid in autumn. Of these larvae, Engraulis japonica and Diaphus sp. continuously appeared from summer to Autumn. Champsodon sp., Diaphus sp. and Synagrops philippinensis were unrecorded species in Korea.

• 한국해양학회지
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.22-32
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• 1973

Based on the plankton samples collected in the Korea Strait in 1972, a study was conducted on the vertical distribution of chaetognaths in relation to water masses in th Strait. The settling volume of total plankton collected in the Strait ranged from 0.3 to 5 cc/10㎥ and showed a distinctive variation in the vertical distribution between day and night. The large amount of volume was found in the upper layer at night and deeper layer during the day time collections. A total of 19 species and one forma of chaetognaths were identified from the present samples. In general, the number of species and individuals of chaetognaths were abundant in the upper layer. But in August they were distributed almost evenly from the surface to the bottom layer. Particularly several species of warm water chaetognaths, i. e., Sagitta enflata and S. regularis appeared abundantly in the deeper layer in summer. This indicates a sinking phenomenon of warm water from the surface to the bottom layer. As for the vertical distribution of S.elegans, a cold water species, in the Korean Strait, it is restricted only to the bottom layer except in the region of upwelling where they appear in the middle layer. This species is usually distributed in the depth of below 150m in the southern part of Japan Sea(Park, 1970), and it is usually distributed as far south as the Strait between Busan and Tsushima. In addtion, cold water species of copepods such as Pseudocalanus minutus and Metridialucens appear in the western side of Thushima. As indicated by the vertical and horizontal distribution of S. elegans in the Strait, the cold water flows as an undercurrent along the bottom from the southern part of the Japan Sea to the Korea Strait between Busan and Thushima in summer and fall, with a trend of uprising along the coast of Korea. S. decipiens has been found only in the depth of below 50m except in the coastal area where they appear in the upper layer. Therefore the vertical distribution of this species can be used for tracing the occurrence of upwelling and the movement of water from the middle layer.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.132-139
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• 1997

CTD and current observation were taken to investigate the structure of the cold water in the Western Channel of the Korea Strait in October 1993. Thickness of the cold water in the deep trough of the strait changes from 20 m to 70 m according to the water depth. Thermocline between the Tsushima Warm Water and the cold water deepens from north to south with 0.00057 in slope. Temporal variation of the thickness appears to be related with the tidal current. The maximum variation is 20 m for 48 hours. Mean velocity of the cold water for 72 hours is 17 cm/sec southward. A simple model was used to understand dynamically the southward flow of the cold water and the return flow at the upper part in the lower layer. Calculated maximum southward flow and eddy viscosity coefficient are 7 cm/sec and 0.038 $m^2$/sec respectively in the model. Southward transport is $0.032$\times$10^6㎥/sec$ at the northern part in the trough and decreases from north to south due to the presence of the return flow. Southward transport increases with the increase in the upper layer transport but is not affected by the density of the upper layer or the interface slope.

• The Korean Journal of Quaternary Research
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.7-16
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• 2003

A 31m-long sediment core (SSDP-102) was taken from the inner shelf (about 40m water-depth) off the northwestern coast of the Korea Strait. Detailed lithofacies and organic-geochemical analyses were performed to establish a high-resolution stratigraphy in the Korea Strait shelf and to reconstruct the paleoenvironmental changes associated with the Holocene marine transgression. The stratigraphic framework of the core was primarily established using 6 AMS $^{14}C$ ages. The sedimentary record of the core SSDP-102 allows for the reconstruction of the paleoenvironmental changes during the last 12.1 ka BP. According to the high-resolution seismic reflection profiles, lithofacies and organic-geochemical data, the core SSDP-102 can be divided into three units (III to I in ascending order) above the acoustic basement. The three units reflect distinct changes of depositional environments resulted from the post-glacial marine transgression. Therefore, it is suggested that three phases of sea-level change have occurred within the inner shelf of the Korea Strait following the Holocene marine transgression. (1) estuarine environments from ca. 12.1 to 6.2 ka BP; (2) near-shore environments with a period of decreased rising of sea level between 6.2 and 5.1 ka BP; (3) near-shore to modem marine environments after 5.1 ka BP. In particular, the present marine conditions influenced by the warm Tsushima Current have been gradually established after ca. 5.1 ka BP.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.525-533
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• 1999

In the Korea Strait total of 96 copepod taxa (40 genera) were identified from the seasonal and vertically stratified samples. Species richness was the highest in fall and the abundance was the highest in spring. Spatial differences were not significant within each season, but was meaningful among seasons. The water column layers of high abundances were near bottom in spring, and surface in summer and fall. Species association of copepods was examined by the cluster analysis. There are the two different results on the timing of the intrusion of East Sea Cold Water to the Korea Strait in the deeper layer based on physical data [in winter (Lee et al., 1938) vs in summer (Cho and Kim (1998)]. This study based on the distributional characteristics of copepods supported Cho and Kim (1998)'s result. Although sea water temperatures was one of major controlling factors of the copepod distribution in this strait, biological interrelation among the species such as common or exclusive exploitation of the habitat was also responsible for the observed distributional patterns.

• Proceedings of the Korea Committee for Ocean Resources and Engineering Conference
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.473-476
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• 2006

천해역의 파랑발달에 대한 태풍경로의 영향력을 분석 하였다. 우리나라 남동해안에 주로 피해를 초래할 것으로 판단되는 태풍의 경로를 '남해안 상륙 후 내륙 통과'와 '대한해협통과'로 분류하고 각 경로에 따른 태풍규모와 파랑발달을 1956년 부터 2004년까지의 기상자료를 바탕으로 검토하였다. 태풍 경로의 영향력 분석은 천해역 파랑발달의 주요외력이 지형조건에 의해 결정되므로(즉, 폐쇄해역은 태풍의 바람장이 주요외력이며, 개방해역은 심해 전달파랑과 바람장의 영향을 동시에 받는다), 개방해역과 폐쇄해역의 경우로 나누어 수치모형실험을 통해 수행하였다. 실험조건은 태풍 "매미"의 강도와 특성 값을 기준으로 하였으며, 대상해역은 부산신항 인근해역과 원전항 인근해역을 개방형과 폐쇄형 해역으로 대별하여 실험을 수행하였다. 자료의 분석결과 최근 이상기후현상으로 태풍의 강도가 커지고 있음을 뒷받침 하는 근거는 찾아보기 힘들었으며, 2000년대 이후로 남해안에 상륙하는 경로'1'이 대한해협을 통과하는 경로(경로'2')보다 그 내습빈도가 커지고 있음을 볼 수 있었다. 태풍의 경로와 풍향이 같은 방향인 경로'1'일 때 에너지가 집중되어 태풍중심기압과 풍속과 파고의 증가가 함께 일어난다. 그러나 태풍의 경로와 풍속의 방향이 일치하지 않는 경로'2'의 경우는 에너지가 분산되므로 태풍중심기압과 풍속은 함께 증가하나 파랑에너지는 함께 발달하지 않는 것으로 보였다. 내습한 태풍의 강도를 경로별로 비교한 결과, 경로'1'이 경로'2'보다 큰 강도를 가지고 연악역에 영향을 미치는 것으로 판단되었다.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.185-189
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• 2004

Taxonomic study for the comantulid crinoids collected from Korea Strait was conducted. A oligophreatan species, Parametra orion (A. H. Clark, 1907) belonging to the family Thalassometridae, was identified and turned out to be new to the Korean fauna. The family Thalassometridae is newly reported in Korea.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Fisheries Technology Conference
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.125-126
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• 2000

제주도 주변해역은 대마난류수, 황해난류수, 중국대륙연안수, 한국남해안연안수, 혼합수 등(노ㆍ평야, 1983; 노ㆍ김, 1983, 노, 1985; 조, 1988, 김ㆍ노, 1994)의 이질수괴가 출현하고, 이들 이질수괴의 경계역에는 계절에 따라 복잡한 수온전선을 형성(양 등, 1998)하고 있다. 또한 제주해협내에서는 12월부터 익년 4월까지 연직적으로 균질한 동계해황(김ㆍ노, 1997)을 나타내고, 5월부터 춘계해황이 시작되는 특성을 나타내나 아직까지 그 구체적이고 광역에 대한 조사가 이루어지지 않았다. (중략)

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Fisheries Technology Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.309-310
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• 2001

음파산란층은 전세계 해양에 존재하는 현상으로 동물플랑크톤 또는 소형유영동물의 수직이동과 밀접한 관계가 있다 (Sameoto, 1982: Chou et al.,1999). 이러한 음파산란층의 음파산란강도는 동물플랑크톤의 밀도 및 생물량에 비례하므로 동물플랑크톤을 포함하는 해양생물의 분포 및 생물량 평가를 위한 유용한 기법으로 고려되어 왔다(Smith et al.,1989; lida et al.,1996). 국내에서도 대한해협을 중심으로 음파산란신호를 이용한 동물플랑크톤의 분포를 추정한 바 있다 (Na and Park, 1989). (중략)