• Journal of Life Science
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• v.26 no.7
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• pp.835-846
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• 2016

Chemo-resistance is the biggest issue of effective cancer therapy. ABCG2 is highly correlated with multi-drug resistance, and represent a typical phenotype of multiple cancer stem-like cells. Accumulating evidence recently reported that oncolytic viruses represent a new strategy for multiple aggressive cancers and drug resistant cancers including cancer stem cell-like cells and ABCG2 expressing cells. In this study, we generated an evolutionally engineered vaccinia virus, SLJ-496, for drug-resistant cancer therapy. We first showed that SLJ-496 treatment enhanced tumor affinity using cytopathic effect assay, plaque assay, as well as cell viability assay. Next, we clearly demonstrated that in vitro SLJ-496 treatment represents significant cytotoxic effect in multiple cancers including colorectal cancer cells (HT-29, HCT-116, HCT-8), gastric cancer cells (AGS, NCI-N87, MKN-28), Hepatocellular carcinoma cells (SNU-449, SNU-423, SNU-475, HepG2), as well as mesothelioma cell (NCI-H226, NCI-H28, MSTO-221h). Highly ABCG2 expressing HT-29 cells represent cancer stem like phenotype including stem cell marker expression, and self-renewal bioactivities. Interestingly, we demonstrated that in vitro treatment of SLJ-496 showed significant cytotoxicity effect, as well as viral replication capacity in ABCG2 overexpressing cell. In addition, we also demonstrated the cytotoxic effect of SLJ-496 in Adriamycin-resistant cell lines, SNU-620 and ADR-300. Taken together, these findings provide us a pivotal clue that cancer therapy using SLJ-496 vaccinia virus might be new therapeutic strategy to overcome ABCG2 expressing cancer stem-like cell and multiple chemo-resistance cancer cells.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.18 no.sup
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• pp.81-90
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• 2012

This study was evaluated high end research grade Near infrared spectrophotometer (NIRS) to low end popular field grade multiple Near infrared spectrophotometer (NIRS) for rapid analysis at forage quality at sight with 241 samples of Italian ryegrass silage during 3 years collected whole country for evaluate accuracy and precision between instruments. Firstly collected and build database high end research grade NIRS using with Unity Scientific Model 2500X (650 nm~2,500 nm) then trim and fit to low end popular field grade NIRS with Unity Scientific Model 1400 (1,400 nm~2,400 nm) then build and create calibration, transfer calibration with special transfer algorithm. The result between instruments was 0.000%~0.343% differences, rapidly analysis for chemical constituents, NDF, ADF, and crude protein, crude ash and fermentation parameter such as moisture, pH and lactic acid, finally forage quality parameter, TDN, DMI, RFV within 5 minutes at sight and the result equivalent with laboratory data. Nevertheless during 3 years collected samples for build calibration was organic samples that make differentiate by local or yearly bases etc. This strongly suggest population evaluation technique needed and constantly update calibration and maintenance calibration to proper handling database accumulation and spread out by knowledgable control laboratory analysis and reflect calibration update such as powerful control center needed for long lasting usage of forage analysis with NIRS at sight. Especially the agriculture products such as forage will continuously changes that made easily find out the changes and update routinely, if not near future NIRS was worthless due to those changes. Many research related NIRS was shortly study not long term study that made not well using NIRS, so the system needed check simple and instantly using with local language supported signal methods Global Distance (GD) and Neighbour Distance (ND) algorithm. Finally the multiple popular field grades instruments should be the same results not only between research grade instruments but also between multiple popular field grade instruments that needed easily transfer calibration and maintenance between instruments via internet networking techniques.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.15 no.6 s.73
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• pp.871-878
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• 2005

This experiment was performed to examine the allelopathy effect of allelochemical substance on the crop plants. According to the experiment of the allelochemical substances in Hypochaeris radicata by HPLC, there are the differences at each part of plants. However, it is ascertained that there are 14 kinds of phenolic compounds ingredients that are $\rho$-hydroxybenzoic acid, chlorogenic acid, catechin, caffeic acid, syringic acid, salicylic acid, $\rho$-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, naringin, hesperidin, myricetin, trans-cinnamic acid, quercetin and naringenin. The chemicals like caffeic acid, ferulic acid, and naringenin are commonly included. The result of the chemical experiment shows that there are the differences at each season and part of plants. The leaves in May and blossoms and roots in July contain lots of phenolic acids. It is very high contents such as salicylic acid 2085.6 ${\mu}g/g$ and quercetin 1522.0 ${\mu}g/g$, especially in roots of plants. The result on the growth of crop plants treated by the aqueous extract of Hypochaeris radicata shows that the value of the control group and the test group are same in some cases. However, because the treat value of test group is towel'than that of control group in all items of the experiment, it is cofirmed that the growth of crop plants was inhibited and that the inhibitory effect was increased as its density of treatment was increased. The result of change in quantity shows that there are the differences at each kind of crop plants, but the inhibitory effect was increased as its concentration of treatment was increase with entire. As results, it is confirmed that H. radicata has the allelopathy effect to the crop plants. Especially the inhibitory effect on growth is high in gramineous crop, italian ryegrass and leguminous crop. purple alfalfa.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.25-33
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• 2013

Clenbuterol and ractopamine, which are ${\beta}$-agonists, have been misused as a growth promoting agent in meat producing animals. Clenbuterol was banned for veterinary drug in Korea because of its problems regarding safety. Due to their adverse effects, such as cardiovascular and central nervous diseases on human health proper control and monitoring should be conducted. The existing analytical method of clenbuterol and ractopamine in the Food code was improved through our present study. The bovine muscle samples were subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis, extracted with ethyl acetate and defatted by hexane-methanol partitioning. A molecular imprinted polymer (MIP) solid phase extraction cartridge was used for clean-up and LC-MS/MS was operated in positive multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). Clenbuterol-$d_9$ and ractopamine-$d_3$ were used as an internal standard. The renewed method was validated according to the CODEX guideline. The limits of quantitation for clenbuterol and ractopamine were 0.2 and 0.5 ${\mu}g/kg$, respectively. The mean recoveries ranged in 104.2-113.5% for clenbuterol and in 107.6-118.1% for ractopamine. The improved method was able to save both time and expenses.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.98-104
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• 2018

Oxyresveratrol (trans-2, 3', 4, 5'-tetrahydroxystilbene), found in many plants including grape, peanut and mulberry, is a phytoalexin, an antimicrobial and antioxidative substance that rapidly accumulates in areas infected by the pathogen. We examined the accumulation of oxyresveratrol in nine Morus alba L. cultivars with respect to storage time and temperature postharvest and infection with GRAS microorganisms. Among the nine cultivars, the Suwon cultivar showed the highest oxyresveratrol content (9.6-fold increase) postharvest, when stored at $30^{\circ}C$ for 7 days. The optimal temperature and postharvest storage time for oxyresveratrol accumulation was $30^{\circ}C$ and 6 days. When Ramulus mori was infected with five microorganisms, the accumulation of oxyresveratrol increased over 4-fold in response to B. coagulans infection. These results suggest that oxyresveratrol accumulation is influenced by storage temperature, storage time, Ramulus mori cultivars, and microbial attack. Therefore, postharvest storage for an appropriate time period at a suitable temperature might be a useful way to industrially produce Ramulus mori cultivars with high oxyresveratrol content.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.386-395
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• 2016

To develop a functional fermentation food from Rubus coreanus Miquel (Bokbunja) and chlorella mixtures, optimal lactic acid fermentation conditions were established, and quality properties based on physicochemical evaluation such as chemical compositions, free sugars, organic acids, and antibacterial activities were investigated. Regarding optimal fermentation strain selection, formation of lactic acid was best in Lactobacillus plantarum among the experimental strains (10 kinds), and the optimal fermentation temperature was $37^{\circ}C$. In addition, overall acceptability in the sensory evaluation was highest in the 5% chlorella mixture sample. Therefore, quality properties of the prepared sample under the established optimal fermentation conditions were investigated. Moisture, total sugar (dry basis), crude fiber (dry basis), and pH of fermented Rubus coreanus Miquel juice (RCM) with 5% chlorella mixture (RCM-C5) were reduced by 4.90%, 14.15%, and 0.32%, respectively, as compared with non-fermented RCM. Meanwhile, crude protein, crude fat, and crude ash (dry basis) of RCM-C5 were elevated by 13.75%, 0.18%, and 0.73%, respectively, as compared with RCM. The yellowness (b value) of color values was greater in RCM-C5 compared to RCM. The free sugar and organic acid contents of RCM-C5 were elevated by 0.97% and 616.30 mg%, respectively, as compared with RCM. In addition, the gram positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus was elevated by 5.83% while gram negative bacteria Escherichia coli and Salmonella Typhimurium were elevated by 2.94% and 4.67%, respectively, as compared with RCM. In conclusion, the quality properties of RCM and chlorella lactic acid fermentation mixtures were improved compared with the general RCM product. Consequently, it is possible to apply fermented RCM as a functional fermentation food.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.357-365
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• 2006

The investigations were conducted to find out the situation of fertilizer use and the contents of soil chemical components on summer vegetable crops at 791 farmers' upland fields located in the parts of Gangwon-do, Gyengsangbuk-do and Jeollabuk-do of alpine area. Major vegetable crops were potato, Chinese cabbage, radish, carrot, onion, and cabbage. From the location surroundings cultivated alpine vegetable crops, the orders were Gangwon-do>Gyeongsangbuk-do>Jeollabuk-do part in the sizes of a fie1d area and the height above sea level, and Jeollabuk-do>Gyeongsangbuk-do>Gangwon-do part in the slope degrees. The soil texture was of wide distribution on sandy loam soil for Gangwon-do(76%) and Jeollabuk-do part(64%), and 1oam(42%) and sandy loam soil(35%) for Gyeongsangbuk-do part. From the numbers of investigated fields, the distribution of slope degree was wider than those of height above sea level in relation to location surroundings. The upland soils of 785 fields cultivated vegetable crops were sampled at 0~15 cm of top soil before seeding or transplanting and analyzed. On an average, pH, organic matter, available phosphate and exchangeable potassium, calcium, magnesium of soil were 5.7, $27.6g\;kg^{-1}$, $765mg\;kg^{-1}$, $1.16cmol_c\;kg^{-1}$, $6.1cmol_c\;kg^{-1}$, and $1.6cmol_c\;kg^{-1}$, respectively. The average cation exchange capacity(CEC) of 120 sites in Gangwon-do part was $9.2cmol_c\;kg^{-1}$. The content of organic matter, exchangeable potassium, exchangeable calcium and exchangeable magnesium was higher, while that of available phosphate was lower with slope degrees. And the content of major chemical components in carrot soil was lower in comparison with other crop soils. The average levels of N, $P_2O_5$, $K_2O$, livestock manure and lime fertilizer of 785 Belds applied by farmers were 335, 198, 244, 12,680 and $1,750kg\;ha^{-1}$, respectively, for summer vegetable crops in alpine area. The average amounts of $N-P_2O_5-K_2O$ fertilizers applied by farmers in 785 Gelds of vegetable crops were higher 1.7~2.0-4.2~7.0-1.4~2.0 times on potato, 1.4~1.6-4.6~8.3-3.5~4.2 times on Chinese cabbage, and 1.2~1.3-4.2~7.2-3.0~3.61 times on radish than the rates of NPK fertilizers based on soil testing for each crop.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.25-30
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• 2007

Objective of this experiment was to investigate the growth effects of Chinese cabbage and soil salinity to alternative irrigation waters for drought periods. The treatments were consisted of the discharge water from industrial wastewater treatment plant (DIWT), the discharge water from municipal wastewater treatment plant (DMWT) and ground water as the control. For the chemical compositions of alternative water, it appeared that concentrations of the $Ni^+$ and SAR values in DIWT were over the reuse criteria of other countries for irrigation, but CODcr concentration in DMWT was higher than the reuse criteria for agricultural irrigation. According to classification of water by $EC_i$ value, DIWT and DMWT are ranged from 0.7 to $2.0dS\;m^{-1}$, slight salinity. Average harvest indexes were 0.64 for DIWT and 0.63 for DMWT as compared to 0.61 of the control regardless of irrigation periods. SAR value in soil was increased with prolonging the irrigation periods at head forming stage, but not much difference except for 30 days of irrigation period at harvesting time for DIWT. However, it was not much difference along with irrigation periods through the growth stages for DMWT as compared with the groundwater. At harvesting time, average $EC_e$ for the soil irrigated with alternative agricultural waters was $0.017dS\;m^{-1}$ for its DIMT and $0.036dS\;m^{-1}$ for its DMWT as compared to $0.013dS\;m^{-1}$ of its groundwater as the control. For $NH_4-N$ concentrations, it observed that there were no differences among the treatments with different irrigation periods at head forming stage in soil after irrigation. Also, $NO_3-N$ concentration in soil was increased up to 20 days after irrigation, and then decreased at 30 days after irrigation with DMWT at head forming stage. The $Ni^+$ concentration in upper layer soil (0-15 cm) irrigated with DIWT was increased with prolonging the irrigation period at head forming stage, but it was dramatically decreased and almost constant in all the treatments at harvesting time. Therefore, it might be concluded that there was potentially safe to irrigate the discharge water from municipal wastewater treatment plant for 20 days after transplanting to drought periods with cultivating the Chinese cabbage.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.60 no.4
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• pp.403-415
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• 2021

Seasonal development of Parthenolecanium corni was observed from 4 Jun. 2019 (nymph) - 25 Jun. 2020 (1^st Gen. nymph) in blueberry shrub in Sacheon city, Gyeongsangnam-do. To investigate their development, more than 5 twigs sprouted in 2018 were taken from the farm nearly weekly basis. The development of each scale were examined under the stereomicroscope and chemical control was conducted in the blueberry shrub with available three insecticides. The results on the development period and Centigrade Degree-Days accumulation (DDC) obtained are as follows: egg-laying period (peak): 12 -26 May 2020 (24 May)(DDC, 110.0-188.5 (173.6)); egg-hatching period (peak): 9 - 23 June 2020 (19 June)(DDC, 325.2-480.8(435.6); egg period: 26 days; nymph movement from overwintered adult to new leaves 16-25 June 2020 (DDC, 410,5-500.4); nymph movement from leaf to twig (peak) to become adult: 4-18 Feb. 2020 (8 Feb.). Eggs no. /adult (range): 956.8 ± 73.4 (13 - 3497). Size (mm) of egg, 0.29 ± 0.020(L), 0.15 ± 0.013(W); of egg-hatched nymph, 0.35 ± 0.018(L), 0.18 ± 0.007(W), 0.09 ± 0.007(eye distance); and of adult, 4.30 ± 0.893(L), 2.64 ± 0.520(W). The egg-hatched nymphs from the overwintered adult moved to the backside leaf of new shoot in which they found about 95% until leaf is falling by early February in next year. They overwintered as 2^nd instar and occurred univoltine. For the control of the 1^st instar crawler, three insecticides treated on 16 and 30 July at the registered dose for Ceroplastes japonicus. Acetamiprid 8WP showed 96.9% mortality at 21 days after 1^st treatment.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.985-994
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• 2018

Bio-heavy oil for power generation is a product made by mixing animal fat, vegetable oil and fatty acid methyl ester or its residues and is being used as steam heavy fuel(B-C) for power generation in Korea. However, if the fuel supply system of the fuel pump, the flow pump, the injector, etc., which is transferred to the boiler of the generator due to the composition of the raw material of the bio-heavy oi, causes abrasive wear, it can cause serious damage. Therefore, this study evaluates the fuel characteristics and lubricity properties of various raw materials of bio-heavy oil for power generation, and suggests fuel composition of biofuel for power generation to reduce frictional wear of generator. The average value of lubricity (HFRR abrasion) for bio-heavy oil feedstocks for power generation is $137{\mu}m$, and it varies from $60{\mu}m$ to $214{\mu}m$ depending on the raw materials. The order of lubricity is Oleo pitch> BD pitch> CNSL> Animal fat> RBDPO> PAO> Dark oil> Food waste oil. The average lubricity for the five bio-heavy oil samples is $151{\mu}m$ and the distribution is $101{\mu}m$ to $185{\mu}m$. The order of lubricity is Fuel 1> Fuel 3> Fuel 4> Fuel 2> Fuel 5. Bio-heavy oil samples (average $151{\mu}m$) show lower lubricity than heavy oil C ($128{\mu}m$). It is believed that bio-heavy oil for power generation is composed of fatty acid material, which is lower in paraffin and aromatics content than heavy oil(B-C) and has a low viscosity and high acid value, resulting in inhibition of the formation of lubricating film by acidic component. Therefore, in order to reduce friction and abrasion, it is expected to increase the lubrication of fuel when it contains more than 60% Oleo pitch and BD pitch as raw materials of bio-heavy oil for power generation.