• Proceedings of the KSCN Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.1070-1071
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• 2003

노년기의 독립적인 생활유지와 삶의 질을 향상시킬 수 있는 바람직한 영양섭취 방법을 모색하기 위한 종적연구의 대상자로 자원한 서울지역의 건강한 40-64세의 중년 293명(남 121명, 여172명)을 대상으로 생활습관과 영양섭취실태를 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 대상자의 평균 연령은 남자 52.0$\pm$7.3세, 여자 519$\pm$6.9세였고, 대부분 부부 중심으로 조사하였다. 교육수준은 남자의 71.9%, 여자의 39.5%가 대학졸업 이상이었으며, 남자의 43.0%가 전문직, 24.8%가 행정ㆍ사무직이었고, 가계의 한 달 평균 수입이 200만원 이상자가 72.5%로써 본 조사의 자원자는 대체적으로 고학력, 전문직종의 중류층이었다. 건강에 대한 염려를 가끔 또는 자주 하는 대상자가 66.9%로 건강에 대한 관심은 높았으나 건강을 지키기 위한 실천은 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 그 예로 지난 1년간 체중이 증가하고 있는 대상자가 37.5%였고, 이들 중 75%가 2kg 이상의 체중이 늘고 있지만 체중을 줄이려고 노력하는 대상자는 37.5%뿐이었다. 음주는 남성의 56.5%가 평균 주 2회 정도 하는 편이었고, 1회 음주량은 소주로 1병 이하가 대부분(88%)이었다. 현재 흡연자는 남자의 40.5%였고, 금연자는 30.6%로 비교적 흡연율이 낮았다. 식사시간은 대부분(83.6%) 규칙적이었다. 식사를 주 2-3회 이상 거르는 대상자가 남자는 23%인 반면 여자는 49%였고, 이들 대부분(60.3%)이 아침을 먹지 않았다. 1주일에 1번 이상 외식하는 대상자는 남자의 84%, 여자의 66%였다. 식사시 식품의 배합에 대하여 별로 관심이 없다는 사람이 50%였지만 실제로 식품군별 섭취 시에는 상당한 관심이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 육류의 기름기를 대충 또는 거의 다 제거하고 먹는 대상자가 남자의 68%, 여자의 88%였고, 육류를 자주 먹지 않거나 소량씩 먹는 대상자가 94%, 생선.두부 및 콩제품을 하루 1끼 이상 섭취하는 대상자가 87%, 채소를 하루 1번 이상 섭취하는 대상자가 96%인 반면, 인스턴트식품이나 패스트푸드를 주 2-3회 이상 먹는 대상자는 23% 정도였다. 영양지식점수(15.4$\pm$3.1/25)와 영양태도점수(50.5$\pm$4.9/75)는 비교적 양호하였다. 전체적으로 오답률이 높은 문항은 체중조절에 있어서 식사와 운동의 관계, 당뇨병 환자의 흰쌀밥 섭취 문제, 비타민제의 섭취와 감기, 고단백 식사의 문제점 등에 관한 것이었다. 반면 철분 섭취와 빈혈의 관계, 비만의 위험성, 동물성 기름의 섭취와 혈중 콜레스테롤치, 우유가 Ca의 급원이면서 성인에게도 필요하다는 것 등은 잘 인식되고 있었다. 조사 대상자의 평균 에너지 섭취량은 RDA의 77.3 $\pm$ 13.6%였으나, 이들 대부분(80%)의 활동 정도가 가벼운 활동에 속하므로 에너지가 부족하다고 할 수는 없다. 반면 평균 단백질 섭취량은 RDA의 109.9 $\pm$ 23.5%로 충분하였고, 3대 열량영양소 즉, 단백질:지방:탄수화물의 구성비는 16:22:62로 지방의 섭취가 약간 높으나 바람직한 구성비를 보였다. 권장량의 75% 이하를 섭취하고 있는 영양소는 칼슘(70.7$\pm$23.9%)뿐이었다. 과체중자의 비율을 체질량지수(BMI) 25이상으로 구분하면 남자의 45%, 여자의 23%가 과체중자로 나타나나, 23이상으로 구분하면 남자의 71%, 여자의 52%가 과체중자로 분류되었다. 이를 WHR의 기준치로 분류하면 남자의 25%, 여자의 26%가 과체중자로 나타났다. 대부분 대상자의 hemoglobin치(99%), hematocrit치(90%), 혈장 albumin치(99.7%)는 양호하였다. 혈당이 140mg/㎗ 이상인 대상자는 2.7%에 불과하였다. 혈중 총콜레스테롤치가 240mg/㎗ 이상인 대상자는 19%, 중성지방치가 250mg/㎗ 이상인 대상자는 9%, HDL-콜레스테롤치가 35mg/㎗ 이하인 대상자는 2.4%로 혈중 지질 profile은 양호하였다. 이상의 결과로 보아 본 연구 대상자는 영양섭취상태와 생화학적 건강상태가 양호하다고 판단되므로 종적연구의 대상자로 적합하다고 사료된다.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.79-105
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• 2023

Due to unprecedented extreme weather events such as global warming and climate change, many parts of the world suffer from severe pain, and economic losses are also snowballing. In order to address these problems, 'The Paris Agreement' was signed in 2016, and an intergovernmental consultative body was formed to keep the average temperature rise of the Earth below 1.5℃. Korea also declared 'Carbon Neutrality in 2050' to prevent climate catastrophe. In particular, it was found that the increase in temperature caused by greenhouse gas emissions hurts the environment and society as a whole, as well as the export-dependent economy of Korea. In addition, as the diversification of transportation types is accelerating, the change in means of choice is also increasing. As the development paradigm in the low-growth era changes to urban regeneration, interest in idle railway sites is rising due to reduced demand for routes, improvement of alignment, and relocation of urban railways. Meanwhile, it is possible to partially achieve the solar power generation goal of 'Renewable Energy 3020' by utilizing already developed but idle railway sites and take advantage of being free from environmental damage and resident acceptance issues surrounding the location; but the actual use and plan for these solar power facilities are still lacking. Therefore, in this study, using the big data provided by the Korea National Railway and the Renewable Energy Cloud Platform, we develop an algorithm to discover and analyze suitable idle sites where solar power generation facilities can be installed and identify potentially applicable areas considering conditions desired by users. By searching and deriving these idle but relevant sites, it is intended to devise a plan to save enormous costs for facilities or expansion in the early stages of development. This study uses various cluster analyses to develop an optimal algorithm that can derive solar power plant locations on idle railway sites and, as a result, suggests 202 'actively recommended areas.' These results would help decision-makers make rational decisions from the viewpoint of simultaneously considering the economy and the environment.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.323-328
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• 1998

This study was to investigate regularity of breakfast and food habits of commuting local college students. The regularly breakfast eating rate was found to be 32.9% in man and 26.5% in woman. The mean score of food habits was pretty low, 36.7 out of minimum possible score 12 and maximum 60. The mean score of nutrition attitude was 58.1 out of minimum possible score 18 and maximum 90. This survey showed that skipping breakfast or irregularity of breakfast led to overeating, high fat diet, lot of alcohol and imbalanced diet. It was known that breakfast was the most important among three meals. But having balanced breakfast daily was very difficult according to loss of appetite and busy schedule early in the morning. I suggested carbohydrate food, protein food, and vitamin & mineral food items desirable for nutritionally balanced, easily digestible, tasteful, quick and easily cooking breakfast menu. It was recommended to choose on item out of each of three food categories considering calory(1/3 of daily recommended calory intake for breakfast).

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.23-37
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate the health status of preschool children using the questionnaires about dietary behaviors and anthropometric indices. And also nutritional status was investigated using questionnaires for 24-hr recall method. The study was conducted in 145 children aged 3 to 6 years and questionnaires for dietary behaviors and dietary intakes were performed by mothers of children in Ulsan. Just nine percent of children were graded as good in terms of having healthy eating habits, this means that the nutrition education for the dietary behaviors should be more focused on preschool children. With regard to the frequency of food intake, children consumed green & yellow vegetables less frequently, meanwhile consumed high protein source food (meat, egg and bean) and milk and its product more frequently. Children almost never consumed fried foods as often as 1-2 times a weak. In assessment of the health status, children have the highest prevalence of colds and allergy, but lower prevalence of clinical symptoms due to the nutritional deficiency. The mean height was $103.6\;{\pm}\;6.4\;cm$ and significantly different among age (p < 0.05), but was not significantly different between sex. The mean weight was $17.8\;{\pm}\;3.0\;kg$ and significantly different in 5, 6years old among age. By the WLI criteria, 11.1% of children were underweight and 17.4% of children were overweight or obese. By the Rohrer index criteria, any children were not underweight and 86.8% of children were overweight or obese. By the Kaup index criteria, 2.8% of children were underweight and 29.2% of children were overweight or obese. And Obesity Index criteria, 2.1% of children were underweight and 20.8% of children were overweight or obese. The results of obesity rate by all criteria except Rohrer index indicated similar level, were significantly high in age 3 with all criteria, and decreased with age increased. The energy intake of children was lower than EER (Estimated Energy Requirements) of Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans (KDRIs) by as much as 85.7%. Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMDR) was 62.6:21.5:15.7 as carbohydrate:protein:lipid, so children consumed protein more, but consumed lipid less compared with those of KDRIs. Vitamin A intake was 133% of recommended intakes (RI) and calcium intake which was identified as the nutrient most likely to be lacking in diets was 98.9% of RI. The intakes of all minerals and vitamins except folate were higher than KDRIs. 33.3% of children were distributed in insufficiency of energy intake, 42.7% of children were distributed in insufficiency of lipid intake. These results indicate that the need of developing of nutrition education program and further concern of a public health center, university and children care center about dietary life for preschool children.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.67-73
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• 1988

A growth experiment of tilapia (offsprings of the hybrid between Oreochromis niloticus and O. mossambicus) under different dissolved oxygen levels in the recirculating water system was conducted at the Fish Culture Experiment Station of the National Fisheries University of Pusan from February 4 to March 5, 1986. Six tanks with a capacity of $1.8m^3$ of water each were used under the same condition of water parameters except for dissolved oxygen levels which were designated to maintain at 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5 and 4.0 mg/$\iota$. Each tank was stocked with 90 kg of fish each averaging 64 to 69 grams. The average water temperature during the course of the experiment was $22.5^{\circ}C$. The results obtained are summarized as follows: The food conversion efficiencies were very good, being 1.05-1.11 at 3.5, 3.0, 2.5 and 2.0 mg/$\iota$ DO levels without any significant differences among them, but at 4.0 mg/$\iota$ the F. C. was 1.39 and at 1.5 mg/$\iota$ it was 1.61 being very poor compared with the others. The daily growth rate performance was best at 3.5 mg/$\iota$ dissolved oxygen level followed by 3.0 and 2.5 mg/$\iota$ with slight differences while at 4.0 and 2.0 mg/$\iota$ DO levels the growths were significantly poor, and at 1.5 mg/$\iota$ DO level it was extremely poor. In 1.5 mg/$\iota$ group, the fish did not accept feed vigorously and after feeding the fish usually concentrated around the inflow point showing oxygen deficiency response. While at 4.0 mg/$\iota$ high feeding rates tended to waste significant amounts of feed while eating and led to water deterioration, and above these levels the results is considered to lead to a waste of energy with uneconomical performance. On the other hand, at and below 2.0 mg/$\iota$ DO level the tilapia certainly showed a poor growth performance. The experiment indicates that the DO range of 2.5$\~$3.5 mg/$\iota$ is the optimum level for the good growth performance.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.90-96
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• 1999

Background : Osteoporosis has been reported in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, but this association is not well established. This study was undertaken to determine whether the prevalence of osteoporosis was increased in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and we examined the relationship of corticosteroid administration with osteoporosis. Method: Subjects were 23 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and 20 control patients. We reviewed hospital records and measured bone mineral density using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry(Lunar. USA). Results: Mean bone mineral density(BMD) of spine in COPD group was $0.683{\pm}0.154 g/cm^2$ and $0.971{\pm}0.212g/cm^2$ in controls(p<0.01). But there was no significant difference in femoral neck BMD. There were seventeen cases of osteoporosis and six cases of osteopenia in COPD group and three patients of osteoporosis and one case of osteopenia in controls. But, there was no significant correlation between disease duration of COPD and spinal T score(r=-0.395, p>0.05). Ten patients were received corticosteroid in COPD group. Spinal T score in steroid receiving patients were $-3.82{\pm}0.94(SD)$ and $-2.82{\pm}0.97(SD)$ in not having steroid patients(p<0.01). Cumulative dose of corticosteroid was associated with spinal T score(r=-0.424, p<0.05) and duration of corticosteroid administration also associated with spinal T score(r=-0.457. p<0.05). Spinal BMD of patients not having corticosteroid in COPD group(n=13) were significantly lower than that of controls($0.71{\pm}0.13 g/cm^2$ and $0.97{\pm}0.21 g/cm^2$, p<0.01). Conclusion : Prevalence of osteoporosis is increased in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Especially patients who are receiving corticosteroid have high risk of osteoporosis or osteopenia and need for preventive management.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.123-134
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• 2002

An experiment was conducted to establish the most suitable ventilation system for the enclosed nursery pig house in Korea, comparing four different ventilation systems ; i) air enters through perforated ceiling and exhausts through chimney (NA), ii) air enters through perforated ceiling and exhausts through side walls (NB), iii) air enters through perforated ducts and exhausts through side walls (NC) and iv) air enters through perforated ducts and exhausts through chimney(ND). The experiment was carried out during winter and summer separately. The experimental pigs were weaned at fourteen days old in winter (December-February) and at twenty one days old in summer (June-August). The main results of the experiment are as follows : A preliminary experiment showed that in the NC system during summer, air can reach all the pig rooms in the house and the air flow rates of the upper, middle (1.2 m height of the room) and low (at the height of pig stature) parts of the room were measured at 7.0-8.08, over 0.5 and over 0.2 m/s, respectively, which flow rates were much higher(p$<$0.05) than those in other system. At the minimum ventilation efficiency during winter, air flow rates of upper, middle and low parts of the room equipped with the NC system were detected at over 1, less than 0.5 and around 0.07 m/s, respectively. It is concluded that the separated ventilation system air-entering through ducts is the most suitable for the ventilation system of the enclosed nursery pig house and the exhausting system through side walls is more efficient for ventilation than the system through roof. Furthermore, to sustain proper temperature and reduce energy waste as well as heat consumption, a future research should be carried out to develop the environmental control system in relation to developing a heat regulator.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.277-285
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to evaluate photothermal effect of laser, which eliminates and reduces bacteria causing periodontal disease, on treatment of periodontal disease. This study included subjects with moderate periodontitis who visited the Department of Oral Medicine, College of dentistry, Yonsei University. The subjects were divided into experimental group, where Argon laser treatment was used, and control group, where conventional subgingival curettage was used. Gingival fluids from each subject were collected prior and after 1 week of the treatment, and changes in number of bacterial colonies cultured from aerobic as well as anaerobic bacteria responsible for the periodontal disease, and changes in clinical indices related to the periodontal disease, such as plaque index, gingival index, sulcus bleeding index, were analysed. As a result, the number of bacterial colonies of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria reduced after 1 week of the treatment in both groups, especially the bacterial colonies of anaerobic bacteria which showed statistically significant reduction(p<0.1). However, there was no significant difference between the experimental group and the control group. Clinical indices including plaque index, gingival index, sulcus bleeding index were reduced after 1 week of the treatment in both groups. In the experimental group, gingival index(p<0.1) and sulcus bleeding index(p<0.01) showed significant reduction, and, in the control group, sulcus bleeding index(p<0.01) showed significant reduction. However, there were no significant differences in each indices between the two groups. The above results suggest that Argon laser could be used as a substitute of conventional subgingival curettage, or in combination with subgingival curettage which would increase the effect of the treatment. Although the possibility of clinical application of Argon laser was observed in this study, more randomized-controlled research, including acquirement of sufficient samples as well as long-termed follow up, would be necessary before clinically effective application of Argon laser.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.29-40
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to examine the association among bone mineral density (BMD), biochemical bone markers, nutrients, and salt intake in premenopausal and postmenopausal women. We evaluated 431 subjects who visited a health promotion center of a university hospital between January 2008 and July 2009. We excluded those who were taking medications or who had an endocrine disorder affecting osteoporosis. The subjects were divided into premenopausal (n = 283) and postmenopausal (n = 143) women. We evaluated the correlation among BMD of the lumbar spine, femoral neck, and total femoral, as well as biochemical bone markers, hormone, serum profiles, general characteristics, nutrient intakes, and food intake frequencies. From a stepwise multiple regression analysis, lumbar spine BMD was positively correlated with weight (p < 0.001) and negatively correlated with osteocalcin (OC)(p < 0.001), Femoral neck BMD was positively correlated with weight (p < 0.001) and negatively correlated with C-telopeptide (CTx) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP)(p < 0.001, p < 0.05). In premenopausal women, femoral total BMD was positively correlated with BMI (p < 0.001) and negatively correlated with CTx (p < 0.001). In postmenopausal women, lumbar spine BMD was positively correlated with calcium intake (p < 0.01) and negatively correlated with sodium intake (p < 0.01). Femoral neck and femoral total BMD were both positively correlated with weight (p < 0.001), and femoral neck BMD was negatively correlated with age and ALP (p < 0.001, p < 0.05). Femoral total BMD was negatively correlated with age and OC (p < 0.001, p < 0.01). These results suggest that reducing sodium intake may play an important role delaying bone resorption and preventing a decrease in BMD.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.79-85
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• 2010

An analysis in heating effects of an electric radiator located in a 1-2W type chrysanthemum (3 cultivars) cultivation greenhouse installed in Gyeongsang National University drew the following conclusions. During the experiment period, the highest, average, and the lowest outside temperatures were in the ranges of $-3.8{\sim}21.3^{\circ}C$, $-5.2{\sim}16.1^{\circ}C$ and $-12.5{\sim}14.4^{\circ}C$, respectively, and the average relative humidity inside and outside the greenhouses were in the ranges of 43.5~98.6% and 35.2~100%, respectively. From mid-December to early February, the lowest outside temperature was recorded as approximately $-5.0{\sim}-10.0^{\circ}C$, which showed that it tended to be relatively lower than the temperatures recorded at the Jinju Meteorological Observatory. During the night, the leaf temperature measured directly under the radiator tended to be higher by $2{\sim}3^{\circ}C$ than that those at the middle point of the radiator, or higher by a negligible amount. In the case of root zone temperature, it was found that there was almost no difference between temperatures of the part directly under and the middle point, and the time when the highest temperature of root zone and other highest temperatures took place showed that there was about a 2-hour delay phenomenon. The total electricity consumption, energy supply and total heating cost during the experiment period were 2,800 kWh, 2,408,000 kcal and 112,000 won, respectively. When diesel, a kind of fossil fuel, was used as heating oil, the total heating cost was around 224,500 won. It was estimated that the total heating cost could be reduced by around 50% if a radiator was used.