• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.81-94
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• 2012

On December 11, 2001, China joined the WTO and became one of the member countries and the Chinese financial markets had to be open in 5 years. So, the Chinese government transformed national commercial banks into joint-stock banks. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the validity of this decision by the Chinese government. In order to measure the efficiency of banks, the directional distance function (DDF) methodology is used, which analyzes whether a bad output exists in the outputs. In the empirical analysis, the number of staffs, the fixed assets, and the equity capital are used as inputs, while the loans and the non-performing loans ratio are used as a good output and a bad output, respectively. The non-performing loans ratio is included in output since it could affect the efficiency of banks. If it isn't considered in the analysis, a distortion might occur in analyzing the efficiency of banks. The results show that the efficiency of the major commercial banks was improved, and that the efficiency of joint-stocks banks was higher for 2002-2003 while the efficiency of national commercial banks was higher for 2004-2006. It was due mainly to the foreign exchanges reserve funds injected into national commercial banks by the Chinese Ministry of Finance, and as a result bad assets were eliminated.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.37-47
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• 2013

This study investigates regional financial markets and proposes some policy measures for boosting up the regional financial system. Financial supports for start-ups, small and medium sized enterprises(SMEs) in early stage growth have been constrained due to expanded financial gaps among regions during financial restructuring period. The bank consolidation through M&A is associated with widening financial gaps between Seoul area and others, and between regions where regional banks survives or not. Loans to small firms are associated with relationship lending techniques that may be better supported by smaller regional banks. The loan rate to SMEs in locals where regional banks are activated has tended to be 10%point higher than the locals where regional banks closed, and also drive the greater contribution for preventing local capital outflow and promoting local capital investment by local penetrating strategy. Government should develop regional financial policies to boost up regional financial system, and expand the business area of regional financial institutions for supporting start-ups and SMEs.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.253-274
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• 2009

Data Envelopment Analysis(DEA) model is a linear programing based technique for measuring the relative performance of organizational units where the presence of multiple inputs and outputs makes comparison difficult. DEA model allows each unit to adopt a set of weight that shows it in the most favorable light in comparison to the other units. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of the libraries of national university in terms of relative efficiency, measured by the method of DEA. Twenty six libraries of national universities in Korea were used to analyze. The number of employees, size of library, budget, and number of books were used for input data, and the number of visitors, number of loan books, and number of books for lending and borrowing were used for output data. We found out that number of libraries with 100% relative efficiency among 26 libraries from 2005 to 2007 were only 9, 9 and 10, respectively. Moreover most of the libraries need to increase outputs and decrease inputs in order to improve efficiency.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.84-91
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• 2015

Project Financing (PF) is a financing method, executed based upon the projected profitability from a project itself instead of relying on the credit rating of project sponsors or any type of collateral. However, most financial institutions of Korea lacks the long term profitability assessment capability, and they prefer to acquire credit reinforcement from the construction companies in the form of the guarantor or debt argument commitments. As a result, PF contingent liabilities as an indirect debt, are burdened to the construction companies. Even though the PF contingent liabilities are not supposed to be part of the financial statements, they became a mandatory disclosure items since 2009. In this study, PF contingent liabilities were studied to indicate how they were correlated with construction firms' financial ratios. Construction firms were grouped by their credit rating and each group was compared in order to analyze PF contingent liabilities' impact on the financial condition of the company in terms of liquidity, liability, and stability.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.37-54
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• 2018

This study examines empirically on relevance between bank performance and IC(Intellectual Capital) in the field of banking sector in Korea. IC is measured by VAIC(Value Added Intellectual Capital) and VAIC consists of HCE(Human Capital Efficiency Coefficient), CEE(Capital Employed Efficiency Coefficient) and SCE(Structural Capital Efficiency Coefficient). Main results are as follows. First, the effects of IC(Intellectual capital) on banks performance show significant (+) effect on the performance of banks. Second, Human capital and bank size shows the significant effect on the banks financial performance but SCE, CEE, and other variables didn't show it. As a concluding remark, IC(Intellectual capital) is very helpful for banks to go forward financially to get information and knowledges easily. This study help stakeholders and investors assess the value creating potential of banks and policy makers to implement policies for performance establishment of a Korean banking sector.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.5-25
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• 2010

This study attempts to compare Jeonju Municipal Library(JML) and RCPL(Richland County Public Library). It was expected that the comparison would give public librarians some suggestions as to their libraries' strengths and weaknesses. JML has shown some weaknesses compared to RCPL, specially, in the quality and quantity sections of resources, budgets, areas of library, public relations, circulations, reading club enrollment are strengths of RCPL, compared to JML. However, JML has the strength in the participation of a lot of volunteers and visitors to the library. JML should extend and publicize the high service quality as the citizens' library.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.89-119
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• 1992

This paper purports to analyze the economic rationale of compensating balance requirements and its impact on money supply. This practice has recently been severely criticized for artificially increasing the money supply and, therefore, limiting the nation's aggregate lending policy under the tight constraint of the given money supply target. A review of the existing literature implies that compensating balance requirements is a banking practice which leads to corrections in the distortion of financial resource allocation due to the imperfection of financial market stemming from asymmetric information and/or financial regulations on deposit and lending rates. Therefore, the economic rationale of this practice is deemed to improve the efficiency of financial resource allocation. On the other hand, the macroeconomic impact of compensating balance requirements on the money supply depends on the impact on the money multiplier, which in turn depends on the desired ratio of deposit that people wish to maintain on the money borrowed from the banking system, and on the desired reserve ratio that the banking system would like to hold for deposit withdrawal. If the compensating balance requirements could increase the desired ratio of deposit to borrowing (bank lending), it will increase the available amount of total reserve within the banking system and, in turn, the money multiplier. However, this channel has not been fully analyzed in the literature, and the direction of the effect is ambiguous. If the practice could reduce the turn-over rate of deposit and, thereby, reduce the desired reserve ratio of the banking system, then it will also increase the money multiplier. While this channel operates unambiguously toward increasing the money multiplier, this effect will be limited by the extent that the banking system holds the excess reserve over the required reserve because the excess reserve will set the maximum amount for the desired reserve to fall. This paper tries to determine the effect on the money supply by empirically estimating the multiplier and the desired ratio of deposit to lending equations as functions of the ratio of compensating balance to the related lending, which is not observable and is estimated for the regression purpose. The results suggest that the effect of compensating balance requirements on the money supply in Korea does not exist or is very tenuous even if it could operate. Therefore, this paper concludes that the well publicized policy of cross cancelling the compensating balance and the related lending will not be effective at controlling the money supply and increasing the amount of loans without expanding the money supply.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.89-94
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• 2023

Recently, credit risk in the Chinese corporate bond market has increased significantly, and there is a possibility that banks that have invested in corporate bonds may become insolvent. The purpose of this study is to empirically analyze the effect of Chinese commercial banks' investment in securities on financial performance. The analysis results are as follows. First, it is estimated that as the share of securities investment by Chinese commercial banks increases, the bank's profitability decreases. It was found that investment in securities did not have a positive impact on profitability due to the increase in credit risk in the corporate bond market and the increase in marginal companies. Second, it is estimated that as the proportion of securities investment by Chinese commercial banks increases, the bank's soundness deteriorates. As credit risk in China's capital market is increasing, continuous management of non-performing assets is required. Chinese commercial banks need portfolio management through securities investment in addition to loan assets to improve profitability. However, volatility should be managed by adjusting the scale of securities management to an appropriate level.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.1D
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• pp.107-117
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• 2008

Private financing is playing an increasing role in public infrastructure construction projects worldwide. However, private investors/operators are exposed to the financial risk of low profitability due to the inaccurate estimation of facility demand, operation income, maintenance costs, etc. From the operator's perspective, a sound and thorough financial feasibility study is required to establish the appropriate capital structure of a project. Operators tend to reduce the equity amount to minimize the level of risk exposure, while creditors persist to raise it, in an attempt to secure a sufficient level of financial involvement from the operators. Therefore, it is important for creditors and operators to reach an agreement for a balanced capital structure that synthetically considers both profitability and repayment capacity. This paper presents an optimal capital structure model for successful private infrastructure investment. This model finds the optimized point where the profitability is balanced with the repayment capacity, with the use of the concept of utility function and multi-objective GA (Generic Algorithm)-based optimization. A case study is presented to show the validity of the model and its verification. The research conclusions provide a proper capital structure for privately-financed infrastructure projects through a proposed multi-objective model.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.289-309
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• 2012

In an attempt to study the current status and ways to revitalize cultural programs in small libraries, this study surveyed 142 small libraries based in the Seoul. Two most important functions of both public and private small libraries were found to be the loan/return of materials and cultural programs; over 50% of small libraries are operating cultural programs. It was also found that institutions that did not operate the cultural programs were aware of the necessity. Both public and private small libraries were operating one to three cultural programs, and their types varied from cultural refinement to reading-related programs. There was a higher rate of answers stating that the person in charge of operating cultural programs for public small libraries were administrative personnels, while the chief librarian was the person in charge for private small libraries. The hardships both types of libraries encountered were found to be budget-related and on securing manpower.