• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.7-13
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• 2011

In general, expression of membrane protein in Escherichia coli is very toxic to the host organism, but the mechanism for the toxicity is not clear yet. Expression of human purinergic receptor $P2X_4$ was found to be extremely toxic to the host E. coli. We examined this toxicity by isolation and analysis of less toxic mutant proteins. We could isolate 30 less toxic mutants of $P2X_4$ after hydroxylamine mutagenesis. Western blot showed that all of them produced proteins smaller than the wild type $P2X_4$. DNA sequencing of two largest mutant proteins showed that they were lost its second transmembrane domain. Localization analysis of these mutant proteins showed that they are not in cytoplasmic membrane, but in inclusion bodies. These data showed that inactive truncated $P2X_4$ is not toxic to E. coli and membrane integration and functionality of $P2X_4$ may be needed to show host toxicity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.505-511
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• 2004

The effects of single cells of carrot or radish on the fecal excretion, mineral absorption rate and structure of small intestine and colon were investigated in rats fed 5% single cell diet for 4 weeks. Carrot contained 28.76% of total dietary fiber and 21.45% of insoluble dietary fiber, and radish contained 23.14% of total dietary fiber and 16.77% of insoluble dietary fiber on a dry weight basis. Total dietary fiber contents of the single cell were 44.68% for carrot, 48.0% for radish. Absorption rates of magnesium were higher in the carrot and radish single cell groups than the other groups. Cellulose significantly increased fecal weight and weight of small intestine. The consumption of cellulose and single cells decreased digestibility of lipid. The length of colon were longer in the carrot and the radish group than the other groups. Scanning electron microscopy studies showed that small intestine microvilli with leaf-shaped were seen in cellulose and single cell fed groups. These results suggest that the diet containing 5% single cells of carrot or radish increases the digestibility of dietary fiber, weight gain, and fecal output and shorten the gastrointestinal transit time.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.29-35
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• 1999

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of silkworm powder, mulberry leaves and mulberry root bark administered to S.D. rat on gastrointestinal function. Plot containing ten percent sericultural products(silkworm powder, mulberry leaves and mulberry root bark) was supplied with S.D. rat. The food efficiency ratio(FER) of S.D. rat fed with sericultural products were 0.1486~0.1573. The transit time also were 512.5~574.0 minutes, and transit speed were 25.05~29.11 mm/min. The pH of S.D. rat's feces fed with sericultural products were 5.95~6.72. The daily amount of S.D. rat's feces were 4.12~5.42g. As above results, sericultural products was evaluated to improve the function of S.D. rat's gastrointestine.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.297-310
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• 2007

통과대장석순재심적생리방면적천발적연구(通過對張錫純在心的生理方面的闡發的硏究), 득출여하결론(得出如下結論). 혈내생어심화(血內生於心火), 병의뢰대기이운행. 대기이원기위본(大氣以元氣爲本), 원기생어명문혈(元氣生於命門穴), 수수곡지기적배양(受水穀之氣的培養), 류어흉중(留於胸中), 차흉중대기칭위종기(此胸中大氣稱爲宗氣). 군화내시발어심중지양중지화(君火乃是發於心中之陽中之火), 가소화비위지음식물(可消化脾胃之飮食物), 군화하행즉상화왕성(君火下行則相火旺成), 하원변득온난(下元變得溫暖). 상화원어명문혈(相火源於命門穴), 순삼초적유막(망유)여심포결상연(循三焦的油膜(網油)與心包結相連), 개속어화(皆屬於火), 진견어우수척부맥(診見於右手尺部脈). 선천지군화내단전지원양(先天之君火乃丹田之元陽), 상화내명문지화(相火乃命門之火); 후천지군화내심화(後天之君火乃心火), 상화역위명문지화(相火亦爲命門之火), 이속어담중기생지화(而屬於膽中寄生之火). 원양지화여명문상화(元陽之火與命門相火), 가소화대소장적음식(可消化大小腸的飮食), 상초지심화여중초지담화(上焦之心火與中焦之膽火), 가소화위중적음식(可消化胃中的飮食). 장석순종합료서방인제출적신명재뇌적학설(張錫純綜合了西方人提出的神明在腦的學說), 단경적원신설(丹經的元神說), 이급"두자정명지부"화"심자군주지궁(以及"頭者精明之府"和"心者君主之宮), 신명출언"지설(神明出焉"之說), 인위뇌내신명지체(認爲腦乃神明之體), 위원신소거(爲元神所居), 심내신명지용(心乃神明之用), 위식신작용지소(爲識神作用之所).

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.648-654
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• 2014

This study investigated the effect of insoluble dietary fibers extracted from Salicornia herbacea L. (S. herbacea) on the improvement of intestinal function in rats. Sprague-Dawley rats were fed on diet containing 5% and 10% S. herbacea dietary fiber (SHDF) for four weeks. Rats receiving the SHDF diet showed a significant decrease in their triglyceride levels and an increase in HDL-cholesterol levels. In addition, compared with the control group, the SHDF group showed a significant increase in the total quantity of the feces and its moisture content. The intestinal transit time of the feces was also shorter in this group. The pH of the feces decreased in all the other experimental groups. Particularly, the bile acid content of the feces and the thicknesses of the mucus layers showed significant recovery on SHDF intake. These results suggest that dietary fiber isolated from S. herbacea has a marked effect on the improvement of bowel function in rats with loperamide (2 mg/kg)-induced constipation.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.5-12
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• 2004

I. Introduction : The constipation is one of the common gastrointestinal symptoms seen in the clinical practice. When people come to the clinic complaining of the constipation, it is generally one of the cases of infrequent, painful or difficult evacuation as well as the hardened feces and unsatisfactory evacuation sense. Since the constipation is heavily influenced by dietary habit as well as the social and medical environment, the diagnostic radiology is useful to establish the objective and standardized definition in consideration of those various factors before diagnosis and treatment of the constipation patient. This paper describes the study of such diagnosis. II. Main Subject : Testing of CTT (colon transit time) is key study of the colon performance. CTT is very helpful in classifying the pathologic physiological types and defining the treatment plan for the chronic constipation. The study methods include using the radipaque marker, multiple marker technique and scintigraphic measurement. The defecography is the functional radiologic examination a that provides not only the anatomical information of anorectal but also performance of the pelvic floor and rectal change during evacuation. Study of dynamic movement of the anorectal during evacuation is helpful for diagnosis and treatment planning as well as follow-up testing for the constipation patient. One of the issues essential for the case history is the thorough observation of whether the patient shows the psychic psychological symptoms such as the behavior disorder or emotional disturbance. In that case, the decision must be made whether or which type of medication is needed for such psychiatric problem. III. Conclusion : The main causes of the constipation are insufficient intake of fiber or liquid. The key objective of such tests is to check etiology of the constipation. In general, the radiological examination does not provde the colon or anorectal performance information. It is envisaged that this study will provide the information to decide the testing and treatment plans and predict the prognosis of the patient by classifying the pathologic physiological types.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.317-323
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• 2006

This study focused on the availability of wastewater reclamation and reusing system as one of the alternatives against the global water shortage in near future, which system is composed of two treatment steps; first, wastewater is injected into upflow $A^2O$ biofilm process(anaerobic/anoxic/oxic) reactor filled with polyethylene fixed-media, and the effluent of 1st steps continuously passed through downflow nano silver sand filter. The pH of the effluent ranged from 7.39 to 8.06(average 7.84), the $COD_{Mn}$ was $8{\sim}18mg/L$(average 12.1 mg/L), and $BOD_5$ was $2.1{\sim}10.0mg/L$(average 4.9 mg/L), that met all the wastewater reclamation and reusing system criteria. Besides, the SS concentrations of the effluent which was $3{\sim}9mg/L$(average 4.95 mg/L) met the criteria(5 mg/L), showing 94.8% of average removal efficiency. The 99.1% of the average removal efficiency of the E-coliform did not met the criteria(Not detected), which indicates the needs for the following chlorine disinfection treatment with the residual chlorine concentration of above 0.2 mg/L. There are no bacteria on the sand surface coated by nano silver. The removal efficiency of T-N and T-P that could be included into the criteria in the future was 50.3% and 27.2% respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.560-567
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• 1996

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of indigestible dextrin on bowel function and serum lipid. Recently developed indigestible dextrin is water soluble dietary fiber obtained by heating and enzyme-treatment of potato starch with low viscosity. SD male rats weighing 80~85g were divided into three groups; control diet(IC), control +5% pectin(IP), control +5% indigestible dextin(ID). Experimental rats were fed one of the experimental diets ad libitum for six weeks. Weight gain, food intake, and food efficiency ratio were not significantly different among other groups. Those of ID tended to be higher than in IP and IC. Weights of liver, spleen and kidney were not significantly different among groups. Epididymal fat pads weight in W and ID tended to be lower than in IC. The weight of cecum was sinificantly higher in m than in other groups(p<0.05). The weight and length of large intestine tended to be higher in IP and ID than in IC. Total feces excretion of ID and If tended to be more than that of IC. Transit time was shorter in IP than in other groups. Serum total lipid, total cholesterol and TG levels were higher in IC group than other groups. The fecal excretion of lipid was significantly higher in IP than in other groups(p<0.05). That of ID tended to be more than that of IC, so fat apparent absorption of ID was lower than that of IC. Ca absorption were decreased more in IP than in other groups(p<0.05).

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.428-434
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• 1995

The purpose of this study is to develop a sanitary aquarium for the safety slices of raw fish by using U.V. light. Water re-circulating system was composed of two tanks. One of the tanks $(90\times45\times45cm\;in\;size),$ was used for rearing fish and the other $(90\times45\times45cm\;in\;size),$ with 37 pieces of corrugated plastic plates was used for the growth of Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter to remove ammonia from the water. Consequently, bactericidal effects of U.V. light were examined under the controlled condition of water with flow rate 730m1/sec (water flow thickness: 10mm), the width 41cm of water flow route, and the distance 4.75cm from the lamp to its water bottom, and U.V. light 75W (5 lamps). The water of the aquarium tank will be theroetically circulated 1 cycle per 18 min. In these conditions the bactericidal effect was $85\%$ just after passing through U,V. light and 3 log cycle in aquarium tank water. The count of Vibrio parahaemolyticus just after irradiation was decreased by about over than 3 log cycle. Under the irradiation for 72 hours, viable cell counts in both skin and gill of fish reared were decreased into about 2 log cycle, but there was no significant decrease in viscera. When the temperature of the tank was controlled at about $20-23^{\circ}C$ under the same condition, viable cell counts were reduced about 2 log cycle, and fecal coliforms were reduced about 1 log rycle and 3 log cycle in Crassostrea gigas and Mytilus edulis, respectively.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.1731-1736
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 체가름 시험을 통해 얻은 대표입경으로 조도계수를 산정하고 그 산정된 조도계수의 효용을 검정하고자 하였다. 체가름 분석을 통해 입도곡선을 작성하고 대표입경을 구함으로서 기 수립된 공식에 의한 조도계수를 산정하였다. 산정된 조도계수는 HEC-HMS의 하도추적 방법 중에 하나인 Muskingum-Cunge 8 point 방법과 HEC-RAS의 부정류 해석을 이용한 방법으로 얻은 조도계수를 비교하였다. HEC-HMS의 경우 대상유역인 오산천 유역에 대해 선행연구과정으로 저수지 방류량을 고려한 강우-유출 모형의 매개변수 추정에 관한 연구가 이뤄졌다(2006, 이아름). 선행연구에서는 계산된 유량과 실측 유량을 비교하여 Clark 단위도 방법의 매개변수를 추정하여 그 중 빈도가 큰 유출사상의 경우에 Sabol 식에 의한 모의 결과가 첨두유량의 재현성이 우수하게 나타남을 확인했다. 따라서 HEC-HMS 모형은 Clark 단위도 방법의 매개변수는 Sabol의 식에 의해 모형을 구성하고 2001년, 2002년, 2004년, 2005년의 사상에 대해 강우량, 기흥 저수지와 이동저수지의 실제 방류량을 이용해 유출량을 산정하였다. 이중 오산천 유역에 대해 선행연구에서 사용된 Muskingum의 하도추적 방법은 Muskingum-Cunge 8 point 방법으로 변경하여 대상유역에서의 조도계수를 산정하였다. HEC-RAS 모형의 부정류 해석은 2002년과 2005년의 사상으로서 상류단 경계조건으로 기흥 저수지의 방류량을 유량수문곡선으로 이용하였고, 하류단 경계조건으로는 회화수위관측소의 수위수문곡선을 이용했다. 대표입경을 이용해 얻은 조도계수를 HEC-HMS, HEC-RAS를 통해 검정한 결과 실측된 유량과 수위를 비교적 잘 재현해 내는 것으로 나타났으나, 조도계수의 보정을 통한 재현 유량과 수위를 비교했을 때, 대표입경을 통해 얻은 조도계수가 보정 조도계수보다 다소 작은 것으로 해석되었다.하고자 한다.해결책을 얻어내는 상호보완적인 결과를 추구한다. 그가 디자인하는 작품은 전형적인 이미지를 내포하지 않는다. 즉 그의 작품은 기존의 가치와 이념적인 것은 배제하고, 창의적인 개념을 도출하였다.형모서리는 건물 특화 성격이 강하므로 불가피할 경우 소형 액센트 광고 위치를 미리 벽면으로 할애하는 것이 경관 및 입면계획에 유리한 것으로 분석되었다. 불확실도 해석모형 등의 새로운 기능을 추가하여 제시하였다. 모든 입출력자료는 프로젝트 단위별로 운영되어 data의 관리가 손쉽도록 하였으며 결과를 DB에 저장하여 다른 모형에서도 적용할 수 있도록 하였다. 그리고 HyGIS-HMS 및 HyGIS-RAS 모형에서 강우-유출-하도 수리해석-범람해석 등이 일괄되게 하나의 시스템 내에서 구현될 수 있도록 하였다. 따라서 HyGIS와 통합된 수리, 수문모형은 국내 하천 및 유역에 적합한 시스템으로서 향후 HydroInformatics 구현을 염두에 둔 특화된 국내 수자원 분야 소프트웨어의 개발에 기본 토대를 제공할 것으로 판단된다.았다. 또한 저자들의 임상병리학적 연구결과가 다른 문헌에서 보고된 소아 신증후군의 연구결과와 큰 차이를 보이지 않음을 알 수 있었다. 자극에 차이가 있지 않나 추측되며 이에 관한 추후 연구가 요망된다. 총대장통과시간의 단축은 결장 분절 모두에서 줄어들어 나타났으나 좌측결장 통과시간의 감소 및 이로 인한 이 부위의 통과시간 비율의 저하가 가장 주요하였다. 이러한 결과는 차가운 생수 섭취가 주로 결장 근위부를 자극하는 효과를 발휘하는 것이 아닌가 해석된다. 이와 같은 연구결과를 통해 생다시마를 주원료로 개발된 생다시마차와 생다시마 음료가 만성 기능성 변비 증세를 개선하는 효능이 잠재적으로 있음을 확인하였다. 그러나 생약제재의 변비약 수준으로 변비 개선 효능을 증대하기 위해서는 재료 배합비의 개선이나 대장 운동기능을 향상시키는 유효성분의 보강 등이 필요하다는 점도 알 수 있었다.더불어