• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.59-69
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• 2000

Acoustic emission is n burst of microseismic waves generated by microscopic failure due to deformation in materials. The study on the detection of initiation and propagation of microcracks from acoustic emission measurement is very important for the evaluation of the stability of underground rock structures by the nondestructive letting method. In this study, acoustic emission was measured under uniaxial stiffness loading test used to obtain the complete stress-strain curves of marble and concrete used as reinforced materials of rock structures. The analysis of acoustic emission parameters and source location were performed to discuss the characteristics of the deformation and failure behavior of rock and concrete. And acoustic emission was measured under cyclic loading test to verify the Kaiser effect associated with the damage of materials, in situ stress of rock, and stress history of concrete structure.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.483-489
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• 2010

An image analysis-based soft sensor is designed and applied to automatic quality classification of product appearance with color-textural characteristics. In this work, multiresolutional multivariate image analysis (MR-MIA) is used in order to analyze product images with color as well as texture. Fisher's discriminant analysis (FDA) is also used as a supervised learning method for automatic classification. The use of FDA, one of latent variable methods, enables us not only to classify products appearance into distinct classes, but also to numerically and consistently estimate product appearance with continuous variations and to analyze characteristics of appearance. This approach is successfully applied to automatic quality classification of intermediate and final products in industrial manufacturing of engineered stone countertops.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.217-224
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• 2001

Rock masses are usually discontinuous in nature due to various geological processes and contain rock joints and bridges. Crack propagation and coalescence processes in rock bridge mainly cause rock failures in slopes, foundations, and tunnels. In this study, we focused on the crack initiation, propagation and coalescence process of rock materials containing two pre-existing open cracks arranged in different geometries. Specimens of 120${\times}$60${\times}$25 mm in size, which were made of Yeoman Marble, were prepared. In the specimens, two artificial cracks were cut with pre-existing crack angle ${\alpha}$, bridge angle ${\beta}$, pre-existing crack length 2c and bridge length 2b. Wing crack initiation stress, wing crack propagation angle, and crack coalescence stress were measured and crack initiation, propagation and coalescence processes were observed during uniaxial compression. Crack coalescence types were classified and analytical study using Ashby and Hallam model (1986) was performed to be compared with the experimental results.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.673-680
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• 2022

In this study, based on PLA, we analyzed the Hounsfield Unit (HU) of materials containing 20% each of aluminum, wood, copper, carbon, and marble, and tried to analyze how they affect the image. A cylindrical phantom of 5×30×30 ㎣ (thickness×diameter×height) was fabricated using a entry-level 3D printer. The kV was changed to 80, 100 and 120, and the mAs was changed to 100 and 200 mAs, and the phantom in the center of the table was cross-scanned under a total of six conditions. A circular ROI was set using image J program and the quantification value of the material part HU and the quantification value of the peripheral part CNR were obtained. The HU average of the material part increased in the order of [PLA - wood 20%], [PLA - marble 20%], [PLA - carbon 20%], [PLA 100%], [PLA - aluminum 20%], [PLA - copper 20%] (p<0.05) a negative correlation was confirmed with the HU by increasing kV. It was confirmed that the CNR value in the peripheral area increased in the order of [PLA - marble 20%], [PLA - copper 20%], [PLA - carbon 20%], [PLA - wood 20%], [PLA - aluminum 20%], and [PLA - 100%] (p<0.05). Human organs with similar HU values for each material are [PLA - copper 20%] compact bone, [PLA - aluminum 20%] cancellous bone, [PLA 100%] coagulated blood, [PLA - carbon 20%] and [PLA - marble 20%] liver, muscle, spleen and [PLA - wood 20%] had similar values to fat. In addition, we confirmed the blur phenomenon that blurs the image around the filament with all materials, and confirmed that [PLA 100%] especially has the most blur around the filament. Therefore, it is considered desirable to reflect the HU value of the target organ and consider cloudiness around the phantom when selecting materials for medical phantom fabrication, and this research can provide basic data.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Rock Mechanics Conference
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• 1999.03a
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• pp.17-23
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• 1999

본 논문에서는 절리면 거칠기를 정밀하게 수치화 하기 위해 레이저 변위계를 이용한 3차원 거칠기 측정기를 구동시키는 프로그램 제작 및 여러 가지 상태의 절리면에 대해 수치화를 실시하여 각종 거칠기 파라미터를 결정한 후 오차분석을 실시하여 이 기계를 이용한 측정의 타당성을 검증하였다. 동일한 절리면에 대해 물리적인 접촉에 의한 3차원 거칠기 측정기로부터 얻어진 거칠기 파라미터와 레이저 변위계를 이용한 측정기로부터 얻어진 것들 사이의 관계를 살펴보았고, 레이저 측정기에 의해 수치화된 절리면 거칠기 파라미터 사이의 상관관계를 조사하였다. 연구에 사용한 시료는 황등화강암, 여산대리석의 2종류이며, 절리형상 측정을 위한 절리는 인장균열 발생장치를 이용하여 인공적으로 제작하였다. (중략)

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.411-424
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• 1990

Mechanical, physical and petrographic properties of seventeen marble specimens collected from ten marble mines in Korea were investigated. Studied marbles were mainly composed of calcite, dolomite, and various amounts of serpentine, tremolite, olivine, quartz and opaque minerals. Complete and sutured textures were dominant. Compressive strength measured normal to the bedding plane is larger almost two times than that measured parallel to the bedding plane. From the results of Shore hardness test on marbles, water content was an important factor to decrease Shore hardness values. Engineering geological properties, especially, compressive strength, Young's modulus, wear resistance and water absorption could be controlled by the presence of quartz, and the type of marble texture. Water absorption-porosity, compressive strength-Young's modulus, and impact strength index-Los Angeles abrasion couples show good correlation. According to the comparative utility as commercial stone, it could be concluded that marbles from the Banglim mine, Songbo mine, Kwangdeok mine and Bongjeong mine were superior to that of other studied marbles.

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 2011.10a
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• pp.13.2-13.2
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• 2011

뼈의 역학기능을 예측하는 인자(predictive factor) 로서 골밀도(BMD)만으로는 충분하지 않다는 최근의 임상결과는, 골밀도 이외의 새로운 뼈의 강도 및 골절리스크를 지배하는 인자의 중요성을 보여준다. 이와 같은 골역학기능에 대한 골밀도 이외의 부가적인 지배인자를 골질(bone quality)이라고 하는데, 다양한 골질관련인자(bone quality-related factor) 중 하나의 지표로서 뼈의 주성분인 생체아파타이트(BAp)의 결정학적 방향성에 주목, 대표적인 경조직 질환을 해석하였다. 파골세포결손에 의해 대리석증을 유발하는 op/op마우스는 골밀도의 변화뿐만 아니라, 골질의 유의한 변화가 있었다. 즉, 이와 같은 결과는 파골세포결손에 의한 조골세포의 활성저하의 의해 골질이 저하됨을 시사하는 결과이며, 파골세포 과잉의 의해 골다공증을 유발하는 OPG-KO마우스는 골밀도가 급격히 저하됨과 동시에, BAp배향성도 급격히 낮아졌다. 즉, 골대사회전의 상승에 따른 섬유성골(woven bone)의 형성에 의해 BAp의 결정성장이 억제되며, 그 결과 BAp배향성이 저하된다고 사료된다. 이상, 본 연구에서는 대표적인 골 질환조직을 각각의 정상골과 비교함으로써, 골양(BMD)의 변화뿐만 아니라 골질(BAp배향성)의 변화를 발견하였다. 이와 같은 변화는 골질지표로서 BAp배향성이 유효하다는 것을 강하게 시사한다. 따라서 본 연구에 의해 얻어진 견해는 경조직 질환의 병리해명에 적용 가능함과 동시에, 경조직 질환의 진단 응용이나 치료약 개발, 임플란트 개발 등 폭넓은 분야에 유용하다고 할 수 있다.

• The Journal of Korea Assosiation for Disability and Oral Health
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.77-81
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• 2008

골화석증(Osteopetrosis)은 전신의 뼈가 대리석 모양으로 골 경화를 일으키며 골수강의 폐쇄 및 골의 취약성을 보이는 드문 질환이다. 성인형(Adult form)은 우성 유전되며 경미한 증상을 나타낸다. 반면에 유아형(Infantile form)은 열성 유전되면서 심각한 증상을 나타내고, 조기에 사망에 이를 수도 있다. 골화석증은 골격계, 조혈계, 신경계에서 다양한 증상을 유발한다. 본 증례의 목적은 드물게 발생하는 유아형 골화석증을 가진 2 명의 환아를 치료한 후, 그 질환과 치과적 관리에 대해 고찰하고자 함이다. 첫 번째 증례는 골화석증으로 진단된 5세 8개월 남환이었다. 임상 및 방사선 검진 결과 악골 및 치아의 변형을 나타내었으나, 특별한 병적 소견이 없어 예방 치료 및 주기적인 검진 시행하였다. 두 번째 증례는 중증도의 치아우식증을 가진 환아로 의료진과의 협조 하에 수혈한 후 발치하였다. 유아형 골화석증은 다양한 구강 합병증을 유발하며, 질환의 심각성에 의해 치료 자체도 어렵다. 치과의사로서 골화석증 환아를 관리할 때에는 건전한 구강 상태를 유지하기 위한 지속적인 관심과 예방 치료가 필요하며, 아무리 간단한 발치나 치과 술식이더라도 의료진과 협조를 해야 한다.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.475-482
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• 2010

In this work, soft sensor based on image anlaysis is proposed for quantitatively estimating the visual appearance of manufactured products and is applied to quality monitoring. The methodology consists of three steps; (1) textural feature extraction from product images using wavelet transform, (2) numerical estimation of the product appearance through projection of the textural features on subspace, and (3) use of latent variables of textural features (i.e., numerical estimates of product appearance). The focus of this approach is on the consistent and quantitative estimation of continuous variations in visual appearance rather than on classification into discrete classes. This approach is illustrated through the application to the estimation and monitoring of the appearance of engineered stone countertops.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.23-32
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• 2001

Rock masses are usually discontinuous in nature, as a result of various geological processes they have underdone and they contain rock joints and bridges. Crack propagation and coalescence processes mainly cause rock failures in tunnels. In this study, we focused on the crack initiation, propagation and coalescence process of rock materials containing two pre-existing open cracks arranged in different geometries. During uniaxial compression, wing crack initiation stress, wing crack propagation angle, and crack coalescence stress of Diastone gypsum and Yeosan Marble specimens were examined. And crack initiation, propagation, and coalescence processes were observed. Shear, tensile and mixed (shear+tensile) types of crack coalescence occurred. To compare the experimental results with Ashby & Hallam model, crack coalescence stress was normalized and it generally agreed with the experimental results.