• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.4 no.3_4
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• pp.93-108
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• 1981

This investigation includes the sick soil phenomenon caused by the self-poisoning of Setaria italica, Sorghum nervosum, Zea mays and Miscanthus sinensis among Poaceae. It elucidates whether the poison is directly excreted from the root or the secondary product resulting from the decomposition in the soil; the effect of Miscantus sinensis on the germination and growth of other plants, and the effect of Zea mays grown between furrows to shade Angelica gigas on its growth. The results obtained are as follows; Supplied with the leakage water from the pots, in which the same plants as the test ones were grown, in anticipation of the poison to be directly excreted from their roots, Sataria itlaica and Zea mays exhibited the growth inhibition more than 30%, whereas Sorghum nervosum and Miscanthus sisnensis were not effected in growth at all. When cultivated in the soils mixed with the roots of the some plants as the test ones, in anticipation of the poison to be the secondary product resulting from the decomposition in soil, Setaria italica and Zea mays showd growth inhibition of more than 50%, which is greater than that of the case of the leakage water, and Miscanthus sinensis exhibited no inhibition either, whereas Sorghum nervosum in the 50% plot showed heavy growth inhibition of more than 80% to the case of the leakage water. The common or uncommon plants found easily in the group of Misscanthus scinenis were not affected by the extracts of the steam and leaves of Miscanthus sinensis in germination and growth. Supplied with the leakage water from the pots in which Miscanthus sinensis was grown, among Lespedeza crytobotrya, Oenothera odorata, Raphanus sativus val'. acarlthiformis, Zoysia japonica, Patrinia scabiosaefolia. which are easily found in the group of Miscanthus sinensis, only Patrinia scabiosaefolia was slightly inhibited in growth in the 100% plot, whereas the others did not show any inhibition at all. Mean while, Amaranthus patulus. Solanum nigrum, Capsella bursa-pastoris val'. triangularis, Alopecurus amurensis, Chenopodium album val'. centrorubrum, which could not be found in the group of Miscanthus sinensis, were all distinctly inhibited. In the experiment on the effect of Zea mays on the growth of Angelica gigas, its growth was severely inhibited by one-half to two thirds with the increased concentration in both the cases of growing in the mixture of the soil and the powdered root of Zea mays and being supplied with the leakage water from the pot in which Zea mays was grown.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.563-568
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• 2007

We report that the gamma linolenic acid content of pork is higher in finishing pigs fed diets containing hemp seed oil, evening primrose oil or borage oil as the sources of gamma linolenic acid. Thirty-six three crossing swines ($Landrace{\times}Yorkshire{\times}Duroc$), 80 kg in body weight, were randomly separated into four treatment groups with three pens per treatment and three animals per pen. The finishing swines were fed the experimental diets for 35 days until they reached the market weight of 110 kg. The animals were assigned to the four experimental diets: control diet containing 5.00% tallow, T1 containing 5.00% hemp seed oil (hemp seed oil 40:soybean oil 60), T2 containing 5.00% evening primrose oil (primrose oil 40:soybean oil 60) and T3 containing 5.00% borage oil (borage oil 40:soybean oil 60). The plasma triacylglycerol and total cholesterol content of the swine in the gamma fatty acids-fed groups were significantly (p<0.05) lower than those in the control group. No gamma linolenic acid was detected in the plasma of the control group, while tile level of gamma linolenic acid treatment groups was significantly (p<0.05) higher than the control in the order of T3, T2 and T1. Moreover, the level of gamma linolenic acid increased with increasing number of feeding days. There was a significant difference between the treatment groups (p<0.05). There was a difference in the amount of saturated fatty acid and polyunsaturated fatty acid accumulated in the pork according to the treatment groups or the parts of the pork meat. The level of n-3 fatty acid of pork was highest in T1, which had been fed the hemp seed oil, followed in order by T3 and T2 (p<0.05). The content of gamma linolenic acid in pork was highest in T3, which had been fed the borage oil, followed in order by T2 and T1 (p<0.05). In particular, the level of gamma linolenic acid in pork increased in the order of the back fat, pork belly, ham and loin.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.85 no.2
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• pp.271-279
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• 1996

This study was conducted to find out the appropriate rates of mixed-seeding of native woody and herb species. It was carried out in greenhouse from 1994 to 1995. The early days germination individuals were $60no./m^2$ in case of woody species for mixed seeding treatment and the treatments were fertilization, soil surface treatment, seeding amount. The investigation factors are the number of individuals of woody and herb species, biomass, height, number of tillers, etc. The mean individuals of Lespedeza bicolor and Amorpha frutzcosa were investigated $1.14no./m^2$, $0.496no./m^2$ in 1995, and Spiraea prunifolia var. simpliciflora and Alnus hirsuta were withering to death. In 1995, the Individuals of Oenothera odorata, Themeda triandra var. japonica, Cymbopogon tortilis var. goeringii, Miscanthus sinensis, Artemisia princeps var. orientalis, Lespedeza cuneata, and Arundinella hirta were investigated $5.06no./m^2$, $1,072no./m^2$, $0no./m^2$, $412.53no./m^2$, $88.6no./m^2$, $8.9no./m^2$, $57.46no./m^2$, respectively, in case of herb species. The height and biomass of Lespedeza bicolor and Amorpha fruticosa showed very fast growth, and those of Themeda triandra var. japonica, Miscanthus sinensis had a similar tendency. For the changes in woody species, according to the seeding amount, there was no significant relationship between species, but It was highly significant in 1995. In case of the herb species, the relationship between the number of individuals and seeding amount was significant for both 1994 and 1995. The most number of tiller was Miscanthus sinensis(21), and showed Themeda triandra var. japonica, Arundinella hirta in descending order. For the mixed seeding of wood and herb species, the number of individuals, height, biomass, tiller of herb species diminished as the seeding amount of herb species increased. It can be concluded that using Lespedeza bicolor and Amorpha fruticosa for woody species and like Arundinella hirta in herb species will be efficient for revegetation measures. It seems, therefore, that the plants of revegetation methods will be used to Lespedeza bicolor, Amorpha fruticosa and Arundinella hirta, and further study is needed on the seeding amount.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.319-329
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• 2017

We investigated the host preference of Ricania app. at different developmental stages to select the effective control methods. Ricania spp. at different developmental stages preferred different host plants. During the nymphal period, individuals moved to the bottom due to environmental factors such as wind and rain, rather than inhabiting trees, and fed on various plants ranging from 1 year-old herbaceous plants to shrubs. Especially, at Palbong Mt. in Gonju, Ricania spp. nymphs preferred Symplocos chinensis f. pilosa, Celastrus orbiculatus, Euonymus alatus, Kalopanax septemlobus, Aralia elata, Styrax japonicas, Rubus parvifolius, Ru. coreanus, Ru. crataegifolius, Quercus acutissima, Cornus officinalis, Lespedeza bicolor, Albizia julibrissin, L. maximowiczii, Rhododendron schlippenbachii and Rh. indicum. At Yongbong Mt. in Hongseong, Ricania spp. adults preferred herbaceous plants, such as Helianthus annuus, Solanum nigrum, and Oenothera biennis rather than trees during the pre-oviposition stage. Subsequently, as the oviposition season began, Ricania spp. adults were rarely found in H. annuus, S. nigrum, or O. biennis and appeared to migrate to the perennial trees and shrubs hosts to lay eggs. At Palbong Mt., the main laying hosts of Ricania spp. adults were Weigela subsessilis, Ailanthus altissima, Q. aliena, Boehmeria platanifolia, Diospyros lotus, Ziziphus jujubae var. inermis, St. japonicus, Prunus mume, P. serrulata var. spontanea, Spiraea prunifolia f. simpliciflora, Ru. crataegifolius, Salix koreensis, Ru. yedoense f. poukhanense, and Co. controversa. The degree of egg laying, number of egg masses and adult Ricania spp. were significantly higher in sunlit areas than in shaded areas, in addition, the lower the altitude, the more adults were present. This study contributes toward the development of traps that can attract and control Ricania spp. and reduce the density of Ricania spp. that disturb the ecosystem.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.257-264
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• 1987

Effect of various physical and chemical treatments on dark germination of Oenothera lamarckiana seeds were primarily investigated to find out factors affecting germination. Germination of seeds which did not germinate in the constant temperature and darkness was induced by several physical treatments such as sonification, wetting and drying, freezing and thawing, and removal of seed coat. Pretreatment of chilling ($4^{\circ}C$), freezing ($-10^{\circ}C$) and incubation at high temperature ($80^{\circ}C$) induced dark germination of seeds which did not germinate in the constant temperature ranges of 15 to $40^{\circ}C$ under darkness. Alternating temperature also had a stimulatory effect on dark germination of Oenothera lamarckiana seeds. Sensing of seeds to alternating temperature appeared to be completed during the first two days after imbibition. The minimum difference of temperature required for dark germination was $5^{\circ}C$ in the range of $15-25^{\circ}C$. A thiourea (1.0%) treatment induced dark germination, but GA, IAA, BA and Ethrel failed to do so.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.501-515
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• 2020

This study is attempted to prepare criteria to determine target species for conservation, through analyzing vascular flora and medicinal resources plants of Mt. Daedeok and Geumdae-bong in Gangwon Province, Korea. Flora Surveys were conducted 14 times from April, 2017 to October, 2019. Total 428 taxa with 83 families, 245 genera, 356 species, 5 subspecies, 46 varieties and 21 forms were distributed in Mt. Daedeok and Geumdae-bong. Korean endemic species were composed of 19 species. Total 36 taxa of Korean rare plants species were identified including 5 taxa in the degree of CR, 2 taxa in the degree of EN, 12 taxa in the degree of VU, 14 taxa in the degree of LC and 3 taxa in the degree of DD. The naturalized plants were 5 families, 10 genera, 10 species, totaling 10 taxa and medicinal resources plants were 239 taxa with 73 families, 185 genera, 239 species, 30 varieties 4 forms, 4 subspecies. The Urbanization Index (UI) was 2.5% and the Naturalized Index (NI) was 1.9%.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2018.04a
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• pp.25-25
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• 2018

본 연구는 경상북도 봉화군에 위치한 문수산 일대의 관속식물상을 파악하고자 수행되었다. 2010년 3월부터 2017년 11월까지 계절별 출현식물을 대상으로 총 12회에 걸쳐 조사를 실시하였다. 조사지 내 관속식물은 85과 241속 372종 5아종 58변종 7품종으로 총 442분류군이 분포하는 것으로 조사되었으며, 이는 경상북도 관속식물 1,684분류군(Korea National Arboretum, 2016)의 26.2%, 한반도 관속식물 4,499 분류군(Korea National Arboretum, 2018; Http://www.nature.go.kr/kpni/)의 9.8%에 해당되는 것으로 분석되었다. 문수산 일대의 한국특산식물은 12분류군(세잎승마, 할미밀망, 은꿩의다리, 노랑갈퀴, 고려엉겅퀴 등), 산림청 지정 희귀식물은 VU등급(주목, 백작약, 꼬리진달래 등) 5분류군, LC등급(쥐방울덩굴, 도깨비부채, 태백제비꽃, 꽃개회나무 등) 10분류군으로 총 15분류군이 분포하는 것으로 조사되었다. 또한, 식물구계학적 특정식물 V등급 2분류군, IV등급 5분류군, III등급 16분류군, II등급 25분류군, I등급 30분류군, 외래식물은 서양벌노랑이, 토끼풀, 달맞이꽃, 미국가막사리, 개망초, 주걱개망초, 털별꽃아재비, 서양민들레, 오리새, 큰김의털 등 10분류군으로 도시화지수(%) 3.1%, 귀화율은 2.3%에 해당되는 것으로 조사되었다. 조사된 식물을 용도별로 구분하면 식용식물 338분류군(76.5%), 섬유용식물 3분류군(0.7%), 약용식물 75분류군(17.0%), 관상용식물 21분류군(4.8%), 목초용식물 95분류군(21.5%) 목재용식물 16분류군(3.6%) 등으로 분석되었다. 본 연구가 봉화군 문수산 일대의 효율적인 관리 및 보전 방안을 마련하기 위한 기초자료로 활용 될 것이라 기대한다.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.15-22
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• 1988

In this experiment, interactions between light and other factors such as chilling, alternating temperature, moisture, content, oxygen, and seed coat which affect germination of Oenothera lamarckiana Ser. seed were investigated to study the physiological effects of light on the germination. Light induced the initial stage of seed germination before radical protrusion by affecting embryo rather than seed coat even under anaerobic condition or low water potential (-18 bars). This light effect on germinability of seed was suppressed by blue light irradiation and the effect was increased with increment of blue light intensity and irradiation time. However, the blue light effect was reversible. Chilling, alternating temperature, softening of seed coat and light showed promotive interaction in the induction of seed germination. Irradiation of filtered light (monochrome), however, reduced chilling effect on germination. Hydrogen-ion concentration and gibberellic acid treatment had no effect on light or dark germination.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.130-138
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• 1987

The effects of light and storage conditions on the germination of Oenothera lamarckiana were investigated. Germination was induced by red light, but inhibited by green, blue or infrared. No germination occurred in the dark. Radicle was more photosensitive than other parts of the seed. The rate of germination was proportional to increase in Light intensity ranging from 10 to 3000 Lux. Photosensitivity occurred 6 hrs after water imbibition of air-dried seeds. Maximum photosensitivity was detected 1-2 days after seeding under the light condition at 300 Lux. Germination was almost completed 3 days after seeding. When seeds stored in the chilling and wetting condition were kept at constant temperature in the dark, they germinated well. Air-dried seeds, however, didn't germinate. Whereas, the seeds which kept at alternating temperature had the tendency that seeds stored at room temperature (25$^{\circ}C$) germinated better than those stored at low temperature (4$^{\circ}C$).

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2019.04a
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• pp.70-70
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• 2019

본 연구는 인천시 강화군 퇴모산(338m) 일원을 중심으로 식물상을 조사하였다. 관속식물은 76과 210속 268종 3아종 27변종 3품종으로 총 301분류군으로 조사되었다. 분류군별로 양치식물이 4과 5분류군, 나자식물 2과 4분류군, 쌍자엽식물이 61과 226분류군, 단자엽식물이 9과 66분류군이 확인되었다. 주요 식물로 특산식물은 할미밀망(Clematis trichotoma), 백운산원추리(Hemerocallis hakuunensis), 늦둥굴레(Polygonatum infundiflorum)로 3분류군, 희귀식물은 관심대상종(Least Concern)인 두루미천남성(Arisaema heterophyllum), 정보부족종(Data Deficient)인 늦둥굴레(Polygonatum infundiflorum)로 2분류군이 확인되었다. 침입 외래식물은 돼지풀(Ambrosia artemisiifolia), 미국자리공(Phytolacca americana), 좀명아주(Chenopodium ficifolium), 달맞이꽃(Oenothera biennis L.), 털별꽃아재비(Galinsoga ciliata (Raf.) S.F.Blake) 등 10과 20분류군이 조사되었다. 유용식물로는 용도를 모르는 49분류군(16.3%)을 제외하면 252분류군(83.7%)이 자원식물로 이용가치가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이들을 용도에 따라 구분해보면 식용 130분류군(29.4%), 섬유용 3분류군(0.7%), 약용 106분류군(24.0%), 관상용 34분류군(7.7%), 사료용 141분류군(31.9%), 산업용 3분류군(0.7%), 염료용 10분류군(2.3%), 목재용 15분류군(3.4%)으로 조사되었다.