• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.377-384
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• 2011

Although concrete is considered as fire proof materials, high strength concrete shows severe material and structural damages when exposed to fire. To understand such damages in high strength concrete structures, the effects of various design parameters and fire condition on the thermal behaviors of high strength concrete structures are investigated in this study. In order to achieve this goal, fire tests are performed on high strength concrete columns with different fire conditions and design parameters including cross sectional area, cover thickness, and reinforcement alignment. To investigate thermal behaviors, temperature distributions and amount of spalling are measured. In overall, the columns show rapidly increasing inner temperatures between 30~60 mins of the fire tests due to spalling. In detail, the higher temperature distributions are observed from the columns with the larger cross section and less cover thickness. Moreover, among the columns with same reinforcing ratio, larger number of reinforcements with the smaller diameter causes the higher temperature distribution. The findings from the experimental study allow not only understanding of thermal behaviors of high strength concrete columns under fire, but also guidance in revising fire safety design.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.153-161
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• 2010

Numerous past studies have shown that safety and serviceability of many concrete infrastructures and buildings built in 1970's have far less strength capacities than their original intended design capacities, thereby requiring repair and strengthening. Currently, aged concrete structures are being repaired using various methods developed in the past. Unfortunately, these methods do not consider the specific conditions that these members are under, but they merely attach repairing materials on the external surface for random strength improvements. Therefore, in order to improve repair and strengthening methods by considering composite behavior between repairing material and structural member, enhanced construction methodologies are needed. Also, the enhanced repairing and strengthening methods must be able to be implemented on structural members constructed using high performance concrete to meet the present construction demand of building mammoth structures. Therefore, in this study, a repairing and strengthening method for retrofitting high strength concrete (HSC) columns that can effectively improve column performance is developed. A square HSC column's cross-sectional shape is converted to an octagonal shape by attaching precast members on the surface of the column. Then, the octagonal column surface is surface wrapped using Carbon Fiber Sheets (CFS). The method allows maximum usage of confinement effect from externally jacketing CFS to improve strength and ductility of repaired HSC columns. The research results are discussed in detail.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.10 no.2 s.35
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• pp.153-160
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• 1998

The sectional dimensions and initial crookedness of the RHS(rectangular hollow section, ${\boxe}-75{\times}75{\times}3.2,\;{\boxe}-100{\times}100{\times}4.2,\;{\boxe}-125{\times}125{\times}6.0$) were measured. The axial compressive strength tests for columns with slenderness $46{\sim}84$ were performed as well as stub tests and tensile tests. FEM analysis was also used. The measurement shows that the errors of sectional dimensions are negligible. For the column length corresponding to ${\lambda}=100$, the initial crookedness with the 2.5% probability estimated from the measured results is 1/490, 1/1121 1/1395 for each section respectively. The yield strengths obtained from tensile test are higher than the specified minimum value by more than 30%. The column test shows that the maximum axial resistances are almost same as, or a little higher than the FEM results and the specified strength curves of AISC Specification and Eurocode, when the maximum strengths from the stub tests are used as the yield strength of the steel. But the test results show much higher column strength than those specified in the Standard and Code, when the specified minimum yield strength of the steel is used.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.159-160
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• 2009

The application of 40MPa high strength concrete was accepted as a goal for improving durability and reducing column's section in concrete bridge piers. As a result of applying 40MPa high strength concrete, it could be achieved that column diameter and coping height were reduced into 0.6m, 0.4m, respectively. And crack by heat evolution of hydration did not generate, because of a careful quality and curing control of high strength concrete.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.9 no.4 s.33
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• pp.523-533
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• 1997

Current limit state design method for encased composite columns contains irrational and uncertain design equations in defining section and material properties of composite members. Through investigating previous research used in formulating the design equation, this paper explores the irrationality and uncertainty such as 1) transformation of yield stress and elastic modulus for composite section, 2) an equation influencing buckling strength in terms of area rather than moment of inertia, and 3) selection of larger radius of gyration between steel and concrete sections. Improving the design equations this paper proposes two design methods which can be directly used in practical design.

• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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• 2011.12b
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• pp.461-464
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• 2011

대형 다각형 단면 기둥부재의 제작은 용접이나 절곡 등의 다양한 혼합방식으로 이루어 질 수 있다. 이러한 제작방식의 차이에 따라 외력작용 이전의 초기상태에 상당한 차이가 발생한다. 그러나 절곡과 용접이 혼합된 다각형 단면 기둥의 초기 상태를 고려하는 방안에 대한 지침은 분명히 제시되고 있지 않다. 이에 본 연구에서는 다각형 단면 기둥 제작방식에 따른 초기상태가 국부좌굴강도에 미치는 영향을 6각형 단면 기둥모델을 대상으로 해석적으로 평가해 보고자 한다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.930-934
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• 2007

본 논문은 수리실험을 통해 침수식생 개수로의 단면특성을 살펴보고자 하는 실험논문이다. 레이저 도플러 유속계를 이용하여 측벽으로부터의 거리에 따른 침수식생 개수로의 2차원 순간속도를 측정하였다. 측정된 유속자료를 이용하여, 평균유속, 레이놀즈응력, 난류강도를 살펴보았으며, 침수식생 개수로 흐름의 단면특성을 살펴보았다. 실험결과 침수식생 개수로는 기존의 일반적인 개수로흐름과는 다른 단면 흐름특성을 보이는 것을 확인하였다. 특히 최대유속 발생지점이 수로 중앙이 아닌 측벽 근처로 이동하였으며, 이차흐름의 영향으로 인하여 흐름방향 등유속선의 물결형태와 레이놀즈응력 및 난류강도의 최대값 발생위치 이동과 같은 현상이 발생하는 것을 확인하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.223-227
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• 2014

The brake pad is one of the basic brake elements of a railway vehicle. It accomplishes braking action by friction between a pad and a brake disc. Because the brake pad must endure specified high pressure, the compressive strength is managed as the main performance factor. The standards for measuring the compressive strength of brake pads are KRS, KRCS, and KRT. These standards specify the size of the test piece for measuring compressive strength as $20mm{\times}10mm{\times}15mm$ ($W{\times}D{\times}H$). To reduce the uncertainty of the compressive strength, factors of uncertainty were analyzed. The results show that changing the dimensions of the cross section was useful to reduce the uncertainty. The uncertainty due to the new cross-sectional dimension shows the effectiveness of reducing uncertainty.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.1-14
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• 2009

Ductility-based seismic design is strongly required for the rational and cost-effective design of RC piers, and a reliable evaluation of shear strength is indispensable for its success. Unlike the flexural behavior of RC columns, shear behavior is highly complex, due to its many effects such as size, aspect ratio, axial force, ductility and so on. To address this, many design and empirical equations have been proposed considering these effects. However, these equations show significant differences in their evaluation of the initial shear strength, and the reduction in strength with the increase of ductility. In this study, the characteristics of initial shear strength of hollow sectional columns were investigated using experiments with the parameters of aspect ratios, void ratios, web area ratios and load patterns. The test results were analyzed through a comparison with the values predicted by empirical equations. On the basis of the mechanical characteristics and test results, a new empirical equation was proposed, and its validity was assessed.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.982-988
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• 2002

Current design equations for shear strength of reinforced concrete columns generally overestimate the shear strength contribution by the circular transverse reinforcement. This is due to the simplification of the discrete distribution of the reinforcement to the continuous one and the imprudent application of the classical truss model to the circular section, which is different in shear-resisting mechanism from the rectangular section. This study presents a rational model for the prediction of shear strength contribution by the circular transverse reinforcement considering the starting location of a diagonal crack, the number of transverse reinforcing bars crossing the main crack and the geometrical strength component of the transverse resistance. It was found that, for lower amount transverse reinforcement, the crack starting point and the number of crack crossing bars greatly influence the shear-resisting capacity. Proposed model leads to a reliable design equation which is derived using a linear regression method and is in good agreement with the lower bound of exact strength curve.