• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.23-36
• /
• 2018

This study analyzed the causal relationship between cooperation elements and the performance of joint R&D and verified the mediating effect of collaborative efforts. Cooperation elements consist of strategic agreement, complementation of resources, trust and absorption capacity, and influence the intention to participate in the joint R&D. The purpose of this study is to identify the effects of the cooperation elements and collaborative efforts on the short-term and long-term performance of the joint R&D. The results are summarized as follows: First, it is verified that strategic agreement, complementation of resources, trust and absorption capacity constitute the second order factor of cooperation elements, which positively affects the joint R&D performance. Second, it is verified that collaborative effort play a role as a mediating factor in the relationship between joint R&D performance and cooperation elements. Specifically, it was confirmed that positive effects on short-term performance of the joint R&D can be increased through cooperative efforts. However, in the case of long-term performance, the effects of collaborative efforts could not be confirmed.

• 한국사회정책
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.185-222
• /
• 2017

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of labor market policy on fiscal soundness of welfare state. The analysis was carried out using cross-sectional panel data regression analysis, stepwise mediating effect analysis and system GMM designed by Baron and Kenny(1986) based on the data from 1985 to 2015 for 20 OECD countries. In setting up the analysis model, this study considers the interaction effect between active and passive labor market policies as well as the time sequence of the outcomes which have been overlooked in the previous studies. The result shows that labor market policies have significant impacts on the fiscal condition of welfare states, which is measured as the levels of national debt in this study. Especially the expenditure on active labor market programs has a positive effect on improving the fiscal soundness of welfare states by promoting the employment rate. In contrast, passive labor market programs expenditure is negatively associated with employment rate growth and it exacerbates the burden of national debt in the short-term. However, when active labor market programs and passive labor market programs are combined, the negative impacts by passive pabor market policies on the fiscal soundness of welfare states are off-set. Therefore this study addresses that although the expansion of the labor market policies can be inimical to the fiscal soundness of welfare states in the short-term, in the long run, they can have effective roles in securing and promoting the fiscal soundness of the welfare states by promoting the employment rate.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
• /
• 2008.11a
• /
• pp.809-812
• /
• 2008

Over the past few decades, considerable numbers of studies on the durability of concrete have been carried out extensively. The majority of these researches have been performed on sound uncracked concrete, although most of in-situ concrete structures have more or less micro-cracks. It is only recent approach that the attention has shifted towards the influence of cracks and crack width on the penetration of chloride into concrete. The penetration of chlorides into concrete through the cracks can make a significant harmful effect on reinforcement corrosion. Author of this study examined the effect of cracks on chloride penetration by short tem experiment. However, it is necessary to accomplish the effect by long term experiment to get reliable goal. In this study, the long term experiment was carried out and the experimental result was compared with short term experiment. Crack tends to decrease with elapsed time because of self-healing. Especially this trend was obvious in concrete sample with wide crack with.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.91-99
• /
• 2018

The aim of this study was to investigate the short-term effects of combined postural correction exercises (CPCE) on muscle stiffness and muscle activity in children with cerebral spastic diplegia(CSD). The subjects were 3 children (2 male and 1 female) with CSD from 4 to 7 years old. The measurement sites were upper trapezius muscle(UT), rectus abdominis muscle(RA), and gluteus maximus muscle(Gmax), muscle stiffness and muscle activity were measured using Myoton and surface EMG, and the symmetry of both sides was also examined. As a result, children with severe compensatory action showed decreased muscle stiffness and muscle activity in UT and RA and increase in Gmax after CPCE intervention. Especially, the left and right symmetry of the muscles was decreased. In this study, despite some limitations, CPCE have shown a positive effect in posture correction of children with CSD.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.33-57
• /
• 2013

This paper test the relationship among determinants of environmental investments, level of environmental investments, eco-efficiency (carbon productivity). The results show that profitability, leverage and R&D costs have a negative impact on environmental investments, and controlling ownership have a positive impact on environmental investments as well as environmental protection costs. The analysis also show that firms increasing environmental investments are able to gain superior environmental performance ($CO_2$ emission), but are negatively relationship with financial performance. Finally, the findings prove that differences exist in the relationship between determinants and effect of environmental investments when grouped by industry characteristics.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
• /
• v.32 no.3
• /
• pp.117-139
• /
• 2021

The way of change detection in which presence of a different item is determined between memory and test arrays with a brief in-between time interval resembles how visual search is done considering that the different item is searched upon the onset of a test array being compared against the items in memory. According to the resemblance, the present study examined whether varying the probability of change occurrence in a visual short-term memory-based change detection task can influence the aspect of response-decision making (i.e., change prevalence effect). The simple-feature change detection task in the study consisted of a set of four colored boxes followed by another set of four colored boxes between which the participants determined presence or absence of a color change from one box to the other. The change prevalence was varied to 20, 50, or 80% in terms of change occurrences in total trials, and their change detection errors, detection sensitivity, and their subsequent RTs were analyzed. The analyses revealed that as the change prevalence increased, false alarms became more frequent while misses became less frequent, along with delayed correct-rejection responses. The observed change prevalence effect looks very similar to the target prevalence effect varying according to probability of target occurrence in visual search tasks, indicating that the background principles deriving these two effects may resemble each other.

• The Korean Journal of Financial Studies
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.329-357
• /
• 1996

본 논문은 확률적 변동성하의 통화옵션가격결정모형에 대하여 실증적으로 검증하였다. 연구결과 OTM, ATM, ITM에서 일정한 변동성을 가정하는 모형가격은 확률적 변동성하의 통화옵션가격결정모형에 비교하여 일치적으로 높게 나타나고 있으며 OTM옵션에 가격결정오차의 크기는 ATM 옵션보다 크게 나타나고 있다. 또한 옵션의 만기가 길수록 가격결정오차의 크기는 커진다는 것을 보여주고 있다. 확률적 변동성하의 통화옵션가격결정모형이 일정한 변동성을 가정하는 통화옵션가격결정모형보다 행사가격과 만기편의를 감소시키며 특히 단기의 만기를 가진 범위에서는 매우 큰 오차감소효과가 나타났다. 따라서 통화옵션가격결정모형을 이용하여 옵션가격을 예측함에 있어 환율변동성이 일정하다는 가정하에서 변동성을 모형에 투입하는 것보다는 환율변동성의 이분산성을 고려하여 추정된 변동성을 모형에 투입하는 것이 통화옵션가격의 예측력을 개선시킬 수 있다고 할 수 있다. 그리고 회귀분석결과 설명력을 나타내는 $R^2$값이 높게 나타나고 있으며, 확률적 변동성하의 통화옵션가격결정모형의 $R^2$값이 일정한 변동성을 가정하는 모형의 $R^2$보다는 높게 나타나고 있다.

• International Area Studies Review
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.3-27
• /
• 2012

This paper adopts recently developed panel unit root test that is cross-sectionally robust. Cointegration test is also used to find whether regional house prices are in line with gross regional domestic production (GRDP) in the long run in Korea during 1989-2009. Based on the panel VECM and the panel ARDL models, we examine causal relationships among the variables and estimate the long-run elasticity. We find evidence of cointegration and bidirectional causal relationships between regional house prices and GRDP. The results of long-run estimates, using both fixed effect and ARDL models, show that house prices positively and significantly influence on the GRDP and vice versa. Together with these results, the findings of ARDL-ECM imply that there exists a long-run equilibrium relationship between house prices and regional economic variables even if there is a possibility of short-run deviation from its long-run path.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.327-346
• /
• 2003

Unlike previous studies on the causal relationship between energy consumption and economic growth, this paper analyses the dynamic causal relationship between these variables using the dynamic vector using Johansen's multiple cointegration procedure, dynamic vector error-correction model and impulse response function. The empirical results show that while the energy consumption to a shock in income responds positively, the income responds positively to the shocks in energy consumption in the first place and then the responses become negative. We also find that the impact of energy consumption shock on the income is short-lived and causes higher inflationary pressure.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.88-107
• /
• 1984

본연구(本硏究)의 으뜸가는 목적(目的)은 우리나라에 있어서 단기경기조정(短期景氣調整)을 위한 통화금융정책(通貨金融政策)의 수립(樹立)에 도움이 될 수 있는 소규모(小規模) 계량모형(計量模型)을 만드는 것이다. 그 목적(目的)을 위해 본연구(本硏究)에서 원용(援用)한 모형(模型)은 기본적(基本的)으로 통화론적(通貨論的) 접근법(接近法)을 따른 것이다. 즉, 경제(經濟)의 조정과정(調整過程)에 있어서 화폐시장(貨幣市場)의 불균형(不均衡)이 가지는 핵심적(核心的)인 역할(役割)에 초점(焦點)을 맞추고, 이를 중심(中心)으로 물가(物價), 국민총생산(國民總生産), 국제수지(國際收支)가 동시적(同時的)으로 결정(決定)되게 하는 것을 그 기본골격(基本骨格)으로 하고 있는 것이다. 그 다음 모형(模型)의 타당성(妥當性)을 검토(檢討)하기 위해서 전정보최우법(全情報最尤法)에 의하여 모형(模型)을 추정(推定)하였으며 그 추정결과(推定結果)를 이용(利用)하여 각종(各種) "시뮬레이션"을 실시(實施)하였다. "시뮬레이션"의 결과(結果)는 70년대(年代)의 급변(急變)하는 경제여건(經濟與件)에도 불구(不拘)하고 상당히 만족(滿足)스럽게 나타났다고 할 수 있다. 마지막 부분에서는 국내여신(國內與信) 및 환율정책(換率政策)의 파급효과(波及效果)를 분석(分析)함으로써 국내여신(國內與信)의 무절제(無節制)한 팽창에 대한 경계(警戒)와 좀더 탄력적(彈力的)인 환율정책(換率政策)의 필요성(必要性)을 주장(主張)하였다.