• Land and Housing Review
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.23-38
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• 2024

This study examined the residential environment of public rental housing by type at a microscale, using ANOVA and multinominal logistic models, based on the minimum and specific housing standards. The key findings are as follows. First, it was confirmed that each type of public rental housing, as well as resident characteristics, varied in meeting the minimum and specific housing standards. Second, Happy House turned out to have the worst residential environments, as a high proportion of this type did not meet the minimum housing standard and the remaining specific standards, excluding facility standards. Third, among permanent rental, national rental, and purchase/jeonse rental housing types, permanent rental housing was poor by the minimum housing standards, and area and room standards, while purchase and jeonse rental housing types showed a high proportion of failure to meet structural, performance, and environmental standards. Fourth, it was confirmed that purchase/jeonse rentals had higher rental anxiety than other types of public rental housing. In particular, anxiety about rent increases and the loss of deposits was high. These findings suggest that public efforts are called for to improve the residential environment through tailored support, depending on the type of public rental housing.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.85-112
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• 2013

This study aims to understand the developmental trajectories of life satisfaction among retirees and to examine what factors differentiate different trajectory classes. This study used three waves of longitudinal data from Korean Retirement and Income Study and data collected every two years(2005, 2007, and 2009). Subjects were respondents aged 50-69 who identified to be retired between wave 1 and wave 2. Finally, this study used 243 respondents for final data analysis. Life satisfaction was measured by seven items. The latent class growth model and multiple logistic regression model were used for data analysis. This study identified three distinct trajectory classes: high stable class(47.7%), high at the early stage but decreased class(42.8%), and low at the early stage and then decreased class(9.5%). This study founded that approximately 50% of the retirees experienced the decline of life satisfaction after retirement and about 10% of the sample was the most vulnerable group. This study analyzed what factors make different among the distinct trajectory groups. As a results, retirees who experienced the improvement in health change were more likely to be in 'high stable class' compared to 'hight at the early stage but decreased class'. In addition, retirees who were less educated, maintained the same health status rather than the improvement, worked as a temporary or a day laborer, and had less household income were more likely to belong to 'low at the early stage and then decreased class' relative to 'high stable class'. This study suggests that there are distinct three trajectories on life satisfaction among the retirees and finds out factors differentiating between trajectory groups. Based on these findings, the study discusses the implications for social work practice and further study.

• 한국노년학
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.467-484
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to explore latent classes of longitudinal medical expenses of older people and to analyze its predictors and its effects on subjective health. Among participants of the Korean Health Panel, the sample of this study includes 1,119 people who is 65-year-old or older and reported their medical expenses for nine consecutive years. The analyses were conducted in three steps. First, Growth Mixture Model (GMM) was applied to find distinct subgroups showing similar patterns in medical expenses. The results showed four groups which were classified as high medical expenditure maintenance group, medical expenditure increase group, low medical expenditure maintenance group, and medical expenditure reduction group. Second, the multinominal logistic regression found that the presence of spouse, economic participation, the number of chronic diseases, and the type of health insurance were significant predictors of latent classes in medical expenses. In particular, the greater the number of chronic diseases, the higher the likelihood of belonging to the high medical expenditure maintenance group. In addition, medical benefit recipients are more likely to belong to the low medical cost maintenance and medical cost reduction groups. Third, multiple regression analysis revealed that the older people in the groups with low or reducing expenses reported better subjective health than people with higher expenses. This study has its meanings in exploring the heterogeneity in longitudinal medical expenses among older people and its predictors and its associations with health outcome. The results of this research provide background information in establishing public health policy for older people.

• 한국노년학
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.1063-1086
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to understand the current state of the older people's social exclusion by identifying patterns of the change in social exclusion level through a longitudinal analysis with an aim of exploring the predictors of changes. To this end, this study has adopted the panel data, the English longitudinal Study of Ageing(ELSA). The data of 7631 respondents who aged over 50 were used for the final analysis. The social exclusion of the older people was analyzed into five different sub-dimensions: social relationship; cultural activities; access to health services; financial security; and sense of loneliness. The person-centered approach that focuses on the various patterns of the trajectories of change has used semi-parametric group based model in order to estimate different trajectories among individuals. The data was analyzed using Spss 18.0 and SAS 9.2 proc traj. In results, First, semi-parametric group-based model analysis has shown that the older people are not 'homogeneous' group with similar exclusion level in every individual with same trajectories of change, but can be divided into various categories with diverse intercept and slope. Second, different trajectories in change of exclusion level help to confirm that the older people's social exclusion level increases gradually over time or remains unchanged. Third, this analysis has provided the useful guidelines to identify the high-risk groups of social exclusion. Forth, the variables that make difference in more than three dimensions include gender, age, self-perceived health, physical activity, weekly income, marital status, family relation, and beneficiary status. Implications and further suggestion were discussed.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.157-185
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• 2017

This study aimed to explore the trajectories of economic preparations for the aging among people with physical disabilities and to identify the determinants according to the Andersen model. For this study, data were drawn from Panel Survey of Employment for the Disabled (PSED). A total of 1,847 samples were used from the second to the eighth wave. Latent class growth model was conducted to explore the longitudinal change classes for the disabled, and the multinominal logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the influence of the determinants. As a result, four classes were identified: preparation decrease group, continuous non-preparation group, preparation increase group, and continuous preparation group. Each group was found to be associated deferentially with education level, family income, socioeconomic status, employment, home ownership, national basic livelihood security recipient status, and ADL. These findings proposed the practical and political implications for the strategies concerned with facilitating the economic preparations for the aging among the disabled.

• 한국노년학
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.387-407
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• 2014

This study aims to identify the multiple trajectories of depressive symptoms and the characteristics of each trajectory group among the elderly. This study uses five waves of longitudinal data from the Korean Welfare Panel Study (KWPS, 2006-2010). Subjects were older adults aged 60 and over who had completed at least three waves between 2006 and 2010. A total of 4,181 respondents were analyzed. The latent growth mixture model and the multiple logistic regression model were mainly used for data analysis. The major findings were as follows: After controlling for the variables of gender, age, education, marital status, self-assessed health, and poverty, this study identified four different trajectory classes: stable low depressive symptoms (71.8%), high but decreased depressive symptoms (10.6%), moderate but increased depressive symptoms (7.9%), and an increased, then a decreased pattern of depressive symptoms (9.7%). The characteristics of theses trajectories as compared to previous studies were a lower percentage of 'stable low depressive symptoms', no 'persistently high depressive symptoms', and higher level of depressive symptoms. Also, the elderly in the stable low trajectory group had better health status, higher self-esteem and a good relationship with family members, having longer working periods, and more living in non-poverty. In addition, chronic health problems, loss of spouse, and household income differentiated the increased and then decreased pattern from the low stable pattern. Also, age and public pension differentiated the moderated but increased pattern from the low stable pattern. Based on the findings of this study, the researchers suggested political and practical implications for reducing depressive symptoms in later life.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Child Welfare
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• no.59
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• pp.209-234
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• 2017

This study viewed schools as a cause of students dropping out and posited that dropping out of high school would vary depending on the characteristics and influencing factors of the school from which students were dropping out. Therefore, focusing on schools, we longitudinally investigated the change patterns of school dropout across high schools in the country, and the types of changes in dropping out of high school. In addition, we predicted the general characteristics of schools according to the type of school students were dropping out from, looked at the changes in the major factors (i.e., school violence and school counseling) affecting school dropout, and reviewed schools' long-term efforts and outcomes in relation to school dropout. For this purpose, KERIS EDSS's "Secondary School Information Disclosure Data" were used. The final model included data collected five years20122016) from high schools across the country. The results were as follows. First, in order to examine the longitudinal change patterns of dropping out of high schools, a latent growth models analysis was conducted, and it revealed that, as time passed, the dropout rate decreased. Second, growth mixture modeling was used to explore types according to the change patterns of the school students were dropping out from. The results showed three types: the "remaining in school" type, the "gradually decreasing school dropout" type, and the "increasing school dropping out". Third, the multinomial logistic regression was conducted to predict the general characteristics of schools by type. The results showed that public schools, vocational schools, and schools with a large number of students who have below the basic levels in Korean, English and mathematics were more likely to belong to the "increasing school dropout" type. Further, the larger the total number of students, the higher the probability of belonging to the "remaining in school" type or the "gradually decreasing school dropout" type. Lastly, growth mixture modeling was used to analyze the trend of school violence and school counseling according to the three types. The focus was on the "gradually decreasing school dropout" type. In the case of the "gradually decreasing school dropout" type, it was found that as time passed, the number of school violence cases and the number of offenders gradually decreased. In addition, in terms of change in school counseling the results revealed that the number of placement of professional counselors in schools increased every year and peer counseling was continuously promoted, which may account for the "gradually decreasing school dropout" type.

• 한국노년학
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.15-32
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• 2017

The current study aims to identify the heterogeneous changes of functional disabilities in old age rather than to identify an average longitudinal pattern and to explore the effect of health status and social status as risk factors in functional disability trajectories. The sample consisted of a representative sample of community dwellers aged 65 and older from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing (2006 - 2012) was the focus of the study. Latent Class Growth Analysis was used to identify the functional disability trajectory groups. Variables regarding health status and social status changes by class were identified using multinomial logistic regression. The results showed various change patterns in functional disability, which include independent (78%), stable high (4.4%), steeply increasing (7.1%), slightly increasing (5.5%), and moderate to low (4.7%). Aggravation in depressive symptoms and cognitive functions as well as decline in social participations and social engagements were significant predictors of membership in increasing group of functional disability. The findings provide important initial empirical information to target clinical practice and have implications in the importance of conducting research on groups with different characteristics.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.352-362
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• 2019

The study investigates one of the long-standing, but still controversial issues in modern finance from the international and domestic perspectives. That is, financial components and differences on corporate profitability are identified and compared under the primary hypotheses. Empirical research settings include the sample data as KOSPI-listed chaebol firms, time reference covering the post-era of the global financial turmoil and two differently defined profitability indices measured by the market- and the book-value bases. A majority of total 7 explanatory variables except firm size and leverage ratio reveal their statistically significant power to explain profitability indices for the chaebol firms in the first hypothesis. The results are generally compatible with those obtained from their counterparts of non-chaebol firms. In the second hypothesis applying multinomial logistic model, the chaebol firms are classified into three groups according to the level of profitability. It is then confirmed that variables to represent the market-valued debt ratio, business risk and growth potential are financially discriminating factors among the three groups. The study may provide a new vision to identify financial factors of corporate profitability for Korean chaebol firms after the global financial crisis, which can enhance the benefits of interested parties at the government or corporate level in a virtuous cycle.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.150-160
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to classify the attitudes of Korean people regarding foreign workers and to analyze the influence factors. Analysis of the attitude difference and the influential factors utilized the SPSS ${\chi}^2$ test and multinomial logistic regression analysis using 2016 data obtained from the 'Koreans' Consciousness and Values'. Socio-demographic variables, national identity, and socioeconomic variables were used as explanatory variables. The attitude types (friendly, negative, and dual) of respondents were identified, and the influence of explanatory variables influencing these attitudes was identified. Analysis found they have a relatively generous stance on granting legal rights, while they are negative regarding the economic and social threats from foreign workers. As a result of analyzing the factors affecting attitudes, there are significant differences in each influence. However, negative attitudes and dual attitude concerning with negative legal rights found common to the influence of the factors of national identity. Gender and ratio of foreign workers were influential factors for dual attitudes with a high economic threat. On the other hand, socioeconomic factors reflecting the realistic conflict theory were not found to have any effect. The negative attitude of foreign workers in our society can be regarded as cognitive threats rather than realistic experiences or conflicts.