• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.33-34
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• 2003

배경: 독일 의사와 보험회사 위원회 (The German Board of Physicians and Insurance Companies:Bundesausschuss der Arzte und Krankenkassen)가 앞으로 일부 적응증에 대한 침치료에 대해 공적 보험회사가 보험료를 지급해야 할 지에 대한 추가 결정을 하기 위해 침의 효과를 평가하기로 했다. 목적: 1) 침치료가 편두통의 예방, 긴장성 두통, 요통, 무릎과 고관절의 골관절염치료에 대조군 침치료보다 효과가 있는지 검증 2) 침치료가 편두통의 예방적 치료에 표준 약물 치료와 비슷하게 효과가 있는지 검증 3) 보건의료 서비스체계 안에서 주어진 조건에 대한 일상적 침치료의 질적인 부분을 서술하고, 안전성을 평가하며, 다른 침술학파간의 임상결과의 차이와 비용의 효용적 활용부분을 평가한다. 4) 위의 적응증에 해당하는 모든 임상실험연구를 찾아내어 기존의 고찰내용을 갱신한다. 방법: 1) 무작위 표본추출 임상 실험, 침치료, 거짓침 치료, 대기자 명단 대조군, 출발시점 4주, 28주 관찰 2) 무작위 표본추출 임상 실험, 침치료, 표준약물치료 대조군, 츨발시점 4주, 28주 관찰 3) 전향적 다중 의료기관 관찰 연구, 두 가지 다른 자료를 활용하여서, 치료 결과를 침 시술자에 의한 모든 환자 평가 자료와, 열 두 명의 환자 가운데 한 명의 환자로부터 직접 받은 평가 자료 (관찰 출발시점, 치료 출발 시점, 치료 시작 후 6 개월) 실험공간: 1) and 2) 높은 수준의 수련을 한 침 시술 의사가 시술하는 병원이나 일차 진료기관의 외래. 3) 보건 의료 서비스내 저급의 침 시술 의사 (140 시간 수강, 학점 이수 필수) 참가자: 1) $4{\times}320$ 편두통의 예방, 긴장성 두통, 요통, 무릎과 고관절의 골관절염 환자 2) 480 편두통 환자(긴장성 두통 환자 추가적) 3) 약 500,000 환자, 2년 반 동안: 대략 한 적응증 당 10,000 환자 치료법: 모든 침치료 자리는 체침만 허용함. 1) 진짜 침은 학파의 지침에 따른 심자, 거짓 침은 비특이적 자리의 표피만 찌르는 자침 (12-15회, 8주): 대기자 대조군은 12주 동안에 아무 치료도 받지 않는다. 2) Group 1(N=240): 최대 15회 치료, 12주 동안: Group II (N=240) 투약 Proponolol (80-240mg), Metoprolol (100-200mg) or Flunarizin (5-10mg) 하루, 16주 이상 3) 치료회수와 침자리의 선정은 참가자가 결정 주된 임상 결과 지표: 1) 군 간의 치료 전 및 치료 진행 도중 4주 마다의 두통을 느낀 날 수의 차이 (평균 혹은 이상의 편두통이나 긴장성 두통) 2) 요통환자 군간의 기능을 측정하는 FFbH-R (Funktionsfragebogen Hannover) 비교 3) 관절염 환자의 군간 WOMAC 지표 비교 4) 군 간의 24주 동안 두통을 느낀 날 수의 차이(평균 혹은 이상의 편두통이나 긴장성 두통) 5) 적응증, 부작용, 성공율에 대한 거시적 평가, 사용한 침수, 환자의 만족도, SES(?). ADS(?) 통증 장애 지표(PDI), 삶의 질 지표(SF36). 예비 결과 위의 결과가 큰 관찰 연구에 초점을 맞추면서 소개될 것임.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.49-56
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• 2018

Euclidean distance (ED) between error distribution and Dirac delta function has been used as an efficient performance criterion in impulsive noise environmentsdue to the outlier-cutting effect of Gaussian kernel for error signal. The gradient of ED for its minimization has two components; $A_k$ for kernel function of error pairs and the other $B_k$ for kernel function of errors. In this paper, it is analyzed that the first component is to govern gathering close together error samples, and the other one $B_k$ is to conduct error-sample concentration on zero. Based upon this analysis, it is proposed to normalize $A_k$ and $B_k$ with power of inputs which are modified by kernelled error pairs or errors for the purpose of reinforcing their roles of narrowing error-gap and drawing error samples to zero. Through comparison of fluctuation of steady state MSE and value of minimum MSE in the results of simulation of multipath equalization under impulsive noise, their roles and efficiency of the proposed normalization method are verified.

• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.32 no.7
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• pp.349-358
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• 2005

False sharing is a result of co-location of unrelated data in the same unit of memory coherency, and is one source of unnecessary overhead being of no help to keep the memory coherency in multiprocessor systems. Moreover. the damage caused by false sharing becomes large in proportion to the granularity of memory coherency. To reduce false sharing in a page-based DSM system, it is necessary to allocate unrelated data objects that have different access patterns into the separate shared pages. In this paper we propose call-site tracing-based shared memory allocator. shortly CSTallocator. CSTallocator expects that the data objects requested from the different call-sites may have different access patterns in the future. So CSTailocator places each data object requested from the different call-sites into the separate shared pages, and consequently data objects that have the same call-site are likely to get together into the same shared pages. We use execution-driven simulation of real parallel applications to evaluate the effectiveness of our CSTallocator. Our observations show that by using CSTallocator a considerable amount of false sharing misses can be additionally reduced in comparison with the existing techniques.

• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.08a
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• pp.49-69
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• 2004

One of the important roles of geophysical exploration in archeological survey may be to provide the subsurface information for effective and systematic excavations of historical remains. Ground Penetrating Radar (GPA) can give us images of shallow subsurface structure with high resolution and is regarded as a useful and important technology in archeological exploration. Since the buried cultural relics are the three-dimensional (3-D) objects in nature, the 3-D or areal survey is more desirable in archeological exploration. 3-D GPR survey based on the very dense data in principle, however, might need much higher cost and longer time of exploration than the other geophysical methods, thus it could have not been applied to the wide area exploration as one of routine procedures. Therefore, it is important to develop an effective way of 3-D GPR survey. In this study, we applied 3-D GPR method to investigate the possible historical remains of Baekje Kingdom at Gatap-Ri, Buyeo city, prior to the excavation. The principal purpose of the investigation was to provide the subsurface images of high resolution for the excavation of the surveyed area. Besides this, another purpose was to investigate the applicability and effectiveness of the continuous data acquisition system which was newly devised for the archeological investigation. The system consists of two sets of GPR antennas and the precise measurement device tracking the path of GPR antenna movement automatically and continuously Besides this hardware system, we adopted a concept of data acquisition that the data were acquired arbitrary not along the pre-established profile lines, because establishing the many profile lines itself would make the field work much longer, which results in the higher cost of field work. Owing to the newly devised system, we could acquire 3-D GPR data of an wide area over about $17,000 m^2$ as a result of the just two-days field work. Although the 3-D GPR data were gathered randomly not along the pre-established profile lines, we could have the 3-D images with high resolution showing many distinctive anomalies which could be interpreted as old agricultural lands, waterways, and artificial structures or remains. This case history led us to the conclusion that 3-D GPR method can be used easily not only to examine a small anomalous area but also to investigate the wider region of archeological interests. We expect that the 3-D GPR method will be applied as a one of standard exploration procedures to the exploration of historical remains in Korea in the near future.