• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.90-93
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• 2011

Purpose: A Pixelated BSGI gamma camera has features to enhance resolution and sensitivity and minimize the distance between detector and organs by narrow FOV. Therefore, it is known as useful device to examine small organs such as thyroid, parathyroid and gall bladder. In general, when we would like to enlarge the size of images and obtain high resolution images by gamma camera in nuclear medicine study, we use pinhole collimator. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the usefulness of Pixelated BSGI gamma camera and to compare to it using pinhole collimator in thyroid scan which is a study of typical small organs. Materials and methods: (1) The evaluation of sensitivity and spatial resolution: We measured sensitivity and spatial resolution of Pixelated BSGI with LEHR collimator and Infinia gamma camera with pinhole collimator. The sensitivity was measured by point source sensitivity test recommended by IAEA. We acquired images considering dead time in BSGI gamma camera for 100 seconds and used $^{99m}TcO4-\;400{\mu}Ci$ line source. (2) The evaluation of thyroid phantom: The thyroid phantom was filled with $^{99m}TcO4-$. After set 300 sec or 100 kcts stop conditions, we acquired images from both pixelated BSGI gamma camera and Infinia gamma camera with LEHR collimator. And we performed all thyroid studies in the same way as current AMC's procedure. Results: (1) the result of sensitivity: As a result, the sensitivity and spatial resolution of pixelated BSGI gamma camera were better than Infinia's. The sensitivities of pixelated BSGI and Infinia gamma camera were $290cps/{\mu}Ci$ and $350cps/{\mu}Ci$ respectively. So, the sensitivity of pixelated BSGI was 1.2 times higher than Infinia's (2) the result of thyroid phantom: Consequently, we confirmed that images of Pixelated BSGI gamma camera were more distinguishable between hot and cold spot compared with Infinia gamma camera. Conclusion: A pixelated BSGI gamma camera is able to shorten the acquisition time. Furthermore, the patients are exposed to radiation less than before by reducing amount of radiopharmaceutical doses. Shortening scan time makes images better by minimizing patient's breath and motion. And also, the distance between organ and detector is minimized because detector of pixelated BSGI gamma camera is small and possible to rotate. When patient cannot move at all, it is useful since device is feasible to move itself. However, although a pixelated BSGI gamma camera has these advantages, the effect of dead time occurs over 2000 cts/s since it was produced only for breast scan. So, there were low concentrations in organ. Therefore, we should consider that it needs to take tests to adjust acquisition time and amount of radiopharmaceutical doses in thyroid scan case with a pixelated BSGI gamma camera.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.9
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• pp.21-28
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• 2015

In the semi-conductor process, a simulation process is performed to detect defects by analyzing the behavior of the impurity through the physical quantity calculation of the inner element. In order to perform the simulation, Finite-Difference Time-Domain(FDTD) algorithm is used. The improvement of semiconductor which is composed of nanoscale elements, the size of simulation is getting bigger. Problems that a processor such as CPU or GPU cannot perform the simulation due to the massive size of matrix or a computer consist of multiple processors cannot handle a massive FDTD may come up. For those problems, studies are performed with parallel/distributed computing. However, in the past, only single type of processor was used. In GPU's case, it performs fast, but at the same time, it has limited memory. On the other hand, in CPU, it performs slower than that of GPU. To solve the problem, we implemented a computing model that can handle any FDTD simulation regardless of size on the cluster which consist of heterogeneous processors. We tested the simulation on processors using MPI libraries which is based on 'point to point' communication and verified that it operates correctly regardless of the number of node and type. Also, we analyzed the performance by measuring the total execution time and specific time for the simulation on each test.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.189-193
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• 2003

금형가공에 있어서 밀링머신의 가공에서는 절삭가공의 잔유물인 버(Burr)가 생성되고, 이러한 버는 가공의 정밀도를 감소시킬 뿐만 아니라 후처리과정(Deburring)을 야기시킴으로 인해서 작업효율의 감소 및 생산성의 비효율적 낭비를 가져오게 된다. 따라서, 정밀도와 작업효율을 극대화하긴 위해서는 버의 생성원리를 파악하고, Exit Burr의 생성부분을 미리 예측하여 버의 생성을 최소화 할 수 잇는 작업 가공계획을 설계하여야 한다. (1)기존의 Burr Exit System에서는 피삭재의 단면형상인 Line과 Are처럼 단순한 형상뿐만 아니라, Line과 Are가 연결되어있는 복잡란 형상에 대해서도 버를 판별한다. 그리고, 가공 후 버가 생성되는 부분을 예측하고, 이때의 Exit Angle을 계산하여 이에 해당하는 기 실험결과 DataBase와 연동하여 생설될 버의 형상과 크기 등의 결과를 제공하여 준다. 더불어, 피삭재의 단면형상이 여러 가지 복합적인 형상으로 이루어져 있는 경우와 다양한 공구 경로까지 고려하여 실제가공과 거의 유사란 상황을 적용할 수 잇는 알고리즘으로 개발하였다. 본 논문에서는 이제까지 개발된 다양한 형상에 대한 Exit Burr 판별 알고리즘을 이용하여 임의형상을 가진 피삭재의 다중가공경로 상에서 발생 가능한 버를 예측하고, 버의 길이나 가공시간 들을 정?화 하여 최적화하는데 필요란 요소를 추출해 보고자 한다. 또한, 이를 인용하여 Face Windows에서의 버의 발생을 최소화 할 수 있는 최적 절삭가공 공구경로를 제시하여, 작업 효율성을 극대화하는 알고리즘을 Windows 응용 프로그램으로 구현하고자 한다.생성하기보다는 기존에 발생된 구매 지시의 우선적 사용과 기존 구매 지시의 납기 일자를 고객 납기에 가장 잘 맞출 수 있도록 변경하는 방안을 제시한다. 이렇게 함으로써 최대한 고객 납기를 만족하도록 계획을 수립할 수 있게 된다. 본 논문에서 제시하는 계획 모델을 사용함으로써 고객 주문에 대한 대응력을 높일 수 있고, 계획의 투명성으로 인한 전체 공급망의Bullwhip effect를 감소시킬 수 있는 장점이 있다. 동시에 이것은 향후 e-Business 시스템 구축을 위한 기본 인프라 역할을 수행할 수 있게 된다. 많았고 년도에 따른 변화는 보이지 않았다. 스키손상의 발생빈도는 초기에 비하여 점차 감소하는 경향을 보였으며, 손상의 특성도 부위별, 연령별로 다양한 변화를 나타내었다.해가능성을 가진 균이 상당수 검출되므로 원료의 수송, 김치의 제조 및 유통과정에서 병원균에 대한 오염방지에 유의하여야 할 것이다. 확인할 수 있었다. 이상의 결과에 의하면 고농도의 유기물이 함유된 음식물쓰레기는 Hybrid Anaerobic Reactor (HAR)를 이용하여 HRT 30일 정도에서 충분히 직접 혐기성처리가 가능하며, 이때 발생된 $CH_{4}$를 회수하여 이용하면 대체에너지원으로 활용 가치가 높은 것으로 판단된다./207), $99.2\%$(238/240), $98.5\%$(133/135) 및 $100\%$ (313)였다. 각각 두 개의 요골동맥과 우내흉동맥에서 부분협착이나 경쟁혈류가 관찰되었다. 결론: 동맥 도관만을 이용한 Off pump CABG를 시행하여 감염의 위험성을

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.264-271
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• 2020

We have developed a simultaneous diagnostic method that can identify both the species of thrips and tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) that are problematic in chrysanthemum plants. This is a method of amplifying DNA by performing reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction by simultaneously adding primers specific to TSWV coat protein (N) gene and primers specific to the internal transcribed spacer 2 region of Frankliniella occidentalis and F. intonsa using total nucleic acid extracted from one thrips. The sizes of DNA fragments for TSWV, F. occidentalis, and F. intonsa were 777, 287, and 367 bp, respectively. These results showed species identification of thrips and whether thrips carrying TSWV can be simultaneously confirmed. Further usefulness of the simultaneous diagnostic method was made from greenhouse survey at chrysanthemum greenhouses in Taean (Chungcheongnam-do) and Changwon (Gyeongsangnam-do) to investigate the identification of thrips species and the rate of thrips carrying TSWV. Of thrips collected from the greenhouses, 83.7% thrips was F. occidentalis and 72.9% F. occidentalis carried TSWV in Taean. Similarly, the diagnostic method showed that 92.2% thrips was F. occidentalis and 84.0% F. occidentalis carried TSWV in Changwon. These results confirm that F. occidentalis is a dominant thrips species and the thrips species plays a crucial role in the transmission of TSWV in chrysanthemum plants in the greenhouses. Taken together, this study showed a simple diagnostic method for thrips identification and epidemiological studies of the timing and spread of TSWV through thrips in chrysanthemum greenhouses in South Korea.