• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.80-87
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• 1999

Purposes : Renal involvement is a potentially serious complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). There have been only few studies of lupus nephritis in pediatric age. In this study, the clinical manifestations, pathologic findings, response to treatment, and clinical course of lupus nephritis in children were analyzed. And the results will provide basic data for future nation-wide prospective multi-center study. Methods . The medical records of 46 children clinically and pathologically diagnosed to have lupus nephritis at Seoul National University Children's Hospital during 1986 to 1997 were analyzed retrospectively. Results : 1) The median age of diagnosis of lupus nephritis was 12.8 years ($2\;years\~\;15year$ 8months), and the sex ratio was 1:2.5. 2) FANA($85.7\%$), anti-ds-DNA antibody ($78.0\%$), and malar rash ($60.8\%$) were the most common findings among the classification criteria by ARA Decreased C3 was detected in $88.9\%$ of patients. 3) Hematuria ($87.0\%$) was the most common renal symptom, and WHO class IV lupus nephritis was identified in 41 cases by renal biopsy. 4) In most of patients, the disease activity was controlled relatively well with a single or combined therapy of prednisolone, azathioprine, or cyclophosphamide. The response revealed no difference according to the mode of treatment. 5) Infection, especially of Varicella-Zoster virus and candida, was the most common complication during the disease course. Conclusion : The renal involvement was noted in $87.0\%$ of childhood SLE, and $89.1\%$ of renal lesions was WHO class IV lupus nephritis known to associated with poor long-term prognosis. So, aggressive treatment using immunosuppressants in the early disease course may be helpful to increase long-term prognosis of lupus nephritis. A prospective multi-center study is necessary to analyze the therapeutic efficacy of various treatment modalities.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.727-732
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• 2007

Objectives : This study investigated using National Institutes of Health Strokes Scale in acute and subacute stroke patients and evaluated relativity of pulse pattern to NIHSS. Methods : 104 acute and subacute stroke patients were selected from 4 oriental medical hospitals from April 2007 to May 2007. The patients were admitted to hospital within 1 month after stroke. Pulse feeling diagnosis was done by oriental medical doctor and classified into 7 subtypes. Results : There were significant results statistically between slow/rapid pulse and NIHSS score in the male group; in the female group, there were no significant results statistically but the results showed that slow pulse has lower NIHSS score than rapid pulse. Patients with surging pulse had lower NIHSS score than the other patients. Another pulse pattern had no relativity to NIHSS score.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.121-126
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• 2008

Objective : The present study investigated gender differences in the symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among Korean PTSD patients from a multicenter sample. Methods : Data were collected from 18 psychiatric units of training hospitals nationwide. All the patients were interviewed by attending psychiatrists using a structured format for PTSD by DSM-IV diagnoses. Additionally the Davidson Trauma Scale was used to evaluate all self-reported symptomatology. Results : Forty-three patients with PTSD, 23 female and 20 male patients, were enrolled in this study. There were significant differences in the frequency and severity of avoidance symptoms, and severity of re-experience symptoms. The female patients reported a higher level of re-experience and avoidance symptoms than the male patients. Conclusion : The results of the present study were found to be consistent with previous studies on gender differences. Women were more susceptible to PTSD symptoms than men, especially exaggerated re-experience and chronic avoidance. Since all patients groups were enrolled from the hospital, this findings needs to be reexamined using community samples.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.48-60
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• 2020

Objective The purpose of this study is to study the effects of Taeeumjowi-tang extract granule on metabolic syndrome with obesity in Taeeumin. Methods We studied 206 subjects who diagnosed metabolic syndrome with obesity and classified Taeeumin by a Sasang constitution analysis tool. The subjects were administered by Taeeumjowi-tang for 12 weeks. We investigated the changes of body mass index, abdominal circumference, the number of risk factors for metabolic syndrome, lipid, fasting blood sugar, Hemoglobin A1c, free fatty acid, insulin, and blood pressure. Results Body mass index and abdominal circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure were significantly reduced after 4 weeks, 8 weeks, and 12 weeks of administration compared to before administration. Triglyceride significantly decreased after 8 weeks and 12 weeks of dosing compared to before taking. Low density lipoprotein cholesterol, fasting blood sugar were significantly increased after 8 weeks of administration compared to before administration. High density lipoprotein cholessterol was decreased significantly after 4 weeks of administration compared to before administration. The number of risk factors for metabolic syndrome, Hemoglobin A1c increased significantly after 12 weeks of administration compared to screening. Conclusions In this study we knew that Taeeumjowi-tang extract granule is very efficient in metabolic syndrome, especially in obesity and hypertension, triglyceride, insulin resistance.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2018.05a
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• pp.44-44
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• 2018

조류(녹조)발생과 대응 연차보고서(2016)에 따르면, 낙동강 유역의 녹조현상은 2013년부터 해마다 발생했으며 국가적으로 가장 극심한 가뭄을 겪은 2015년의 경우 최장 161일 동안 지속되었음을 보고하였다. 이러한 녹조대응을 위해 환경부 국토부 등 관계기관은 댐 보 연계운영협의회 등을 통해 2016년 8월부터 낙동강 일부 댐 및 보에 대해 부분 방류를 실시하였다. 댐-보 연계운영에 따른 수문 수질 거동 분석은 국가 유역관리 측면에서 우선적으로 대비해야 할 중요한 문제이나, 댐보 연계의 효율적인 운영을 위한 정확한 분석과 평가에 대한 연구가 체계적으로 이뤄지고 있지 않은 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 낙동강유역($2,369km^2$)을 대상으로 SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tool)을 이용하여 지표수와 지하수의 상호작용에 의한 물수지 분석을 수행하고, 수질(SS, T-N, T-P)을 모의하였다. SWAT 모형 구축을 위해 낙동강유역을 표준유역 단위로 구분하고, 기상자료, 다목적댐(안동댐, 임하댐, 합천댐, 남감댐, 밀양댐)과 다기능보(상주보, 구미보, 칠곡보, 강정보, 달성보, 합천보, 함안보) 운영자료, 국가지하수정보센터에서 관측 및 관리하고 있는 지하수위 관측자료, 국가수질측정망 하천수 수질 측정자료를 수집하였다. SWAT 모형의 신뢰성있는 수문 및 수질 보정을 위해 낙동강유역 내 위치하는 다목적댐 및 다기능보의 실측 방류량을 이용하여 댐 운영모의를 고려하였고, 지하수위, 토양수분 및 수질자료를 이용하여 모형의 시공간적 보정(2005~2009)과 검증(2010~2017)을 실시하였다. 댐-보 연계운영 평가를 위해 환경부에서 제시한 4개의 연계운영 시나리오 중 3개의 시나리오((1) 댐+보 동시방류+제약수위 유지, (2) 보 동시방류+제약수위 유지, (3) 보 순차방류+제약수위 유지)를 선택하여 모의하였으며, 시나리오에 따른 수문 수질 거동을 분석하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.82 no.1
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• pp.29-48
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• 2021

Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW MRI) is a fast unenhanced technique that shows promise as a stand-alone modality for cancer screening and characterization. Currently, DW MRI may have lower sensitivity than that of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI as a standalone modality for breast cancer detection but superior to that of mammography, which may provide a useful alternative for supplemental screening. Standardized acquisition and interpretation of DW MRI can improve the image quality and reduce the variability of the results. Furthermore, high-resolution DW MRI, with advanced techniques and postprocessing, will facilitate better detection and characterization of subcentimeter cancers and reduce false-negatives and false-positives. Future results from ongoing prospective multicenter clinical trials using standardized and optimized protocols will facilitate the use of DW MRI as a stand-alone modality.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.117-123
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• 1994

This paper describes the effect of air assisted fuel injection system(AAI) using compressed air to improve the performance of lean combustion engine. AAI is designed to promote fuel atomization and intake flow. In order to investigate the performance of engine with AAl, experiments are conducted varying the engine revolution speed, lean air-fuel ratio and intake manifold pressure. Compared with the original engine, the performance of the engine with MI is improved as the air-fuel mixture becomes leaner or the engine load becomes lower. The descreasing rate of BSFC is propotional to the relative air-fuel ratio and the lean misfire limit extended more than 0.2 relative airfuel ratio.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.29-36
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• 2003

Exhaust manifolds suffer from serious temperature variation during the thermal fatigue test. The spatial distribution of temperature changes at each moment. Because transient flow can not be simulated during the long period of temperature change, the simulation can not be performed by conjugate heat transfer analysis. In this study, a new procedure for transient thermal analysis is established by decoupling fluid-solid analysis. The procedure consists of (1) transient CFD calculation (2 cycles), (2) mapping heat transfer coefficient to the inner surface of solid mesh as a boundary condition of heat conduction analysis and (3) transient heat conduction analysis in the long period (30 min). The realistic temperature change can be predicted by this procedure.

• Journal of Korean Society of Archives and Records Management
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.157-184
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• 2006

Presidential records which have produced during a presidency as a national center are the evidence of the presidency and main historical records. We have the responsibility to establish fundamental systems to produce such main historical records and to manage such main historical records which could help people and history to judge the presidency based upon the evidence of their activities. The historical appraisal could be achieved not by memory but by evidence. A draft of a proposed law on the management of presidential records which includes the establishment of presidential libraries for the presidential records Mecca is being moored at the National Assembly now. The presidential library is to be considered as a multi-functional national institution which is carrying out the role as an Archives, Museums and Center for the education. In addition, it is imperative for a presidential library to provide user-oriented services to enrich the usability and the value of records, recognizing the change of administration paradigm from a supplier-oriented system to a customer-oriented system. This dissertation, in order to develop presidential library service programs focusing on customers rather than the convenience of administration, reviewed programs of the U.S. presidential libraries as a developed case and proposes guidelines and applicable samples for the development of the Korean presidential library service programs.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.258-265
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• 2008

Purpose. This multicenter retrospective study was performed to evaluate the survival and success rates of immediate placement of USII and SSII Osstem implant (Osstem implant Co, Korea) on the maxillary and mandibular anterior and premolar areas. Materials and methods. Dental records were obtained in 37 patients who were treated with immediate implantation on the maxillary and mandibular anterior and premolar areas in 6 different clinics. The 98 implants were evaluated both clinically and radiographically using predefined success criteria. Results. There was no failed implant in all patients. The mean follow up period was 24.7 months (ranged from 12 to 58 months), and 25.1 months (ranged from 16 to 35 months) in USII and SSII implants, respectively. The crestal bone loss was 3 mm in 3 USII implants during 41 months, and in 1 SSII implant during 22 months. The overall success rate was 94.2% and 97.7% in USII and SSII implants, respectively. The age, gender, diameter, or length of implants, and type of surgery were not influenced to the success rate of immediate implantation. Conclusion. These results suggest that USII and SSII Osstem implant can be used successfully in immediate implantation on the maxillary and mandibular anterior and premolar areas.