• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.134-144
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• 2010

In China, the enhancement of water services has become the most crucial issue confronted with the rapid urbanization and industrialization process. A huge financial gap to meet the demand for water infrastructure and need for adopting advanced operation technology precipitated the rapid growth of PPP over the last 10 years. Diverse schemes of PPP such as TOT, Divestiture, and Management Contract and Lease have been practiced. Local governments and private investors/operator have adjusted their objectives and strategies to avoid potential pitfalls behind BOT projects in China. However, current academic research outcomes do not properly reflect important issues of BOT projects or related case studies in China. This limitation has brought in the lack of assessment of important risks and success factors required for the improvement of the body of risk management. In this regard, this study uses the market analysis method to identify major schemes of PPP water projects and conducts case studies on five PPP projects to identify key risk and success factors in association with each different scheme. It is expected that the risk and success factors identified from the cases will be used as reference to Korean companies which plan to enter the Chinese water market.

• Journal of Platform Technology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.10-18
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to empirically analyze relations between color changes in the product specification and demand changes with price elasticity in the Chinese mobile phone market. In previous studies on price elasticity, the usual analysis units were product categories or SBU within a given product category. Unlike them, the this study set an analysis unit of price elasticity to focus on colors, which are investigated in the research fields of experiential marketing, aesthetic marketing, and cognitive psychology. Actual sales data according to the mobile phone price changes by the color were based on the sales volume of a sales agency at China's largest B2C site. The findings were as follows: first, price elasticity according to the six colors was higher than the absolute value of 1, which means that demands made flexible reactions to price changes. Secondly, there were differences in price elasticity according to the colors. Aroma white color made the smallest increase in sales volume at the same price discount, whereas diamond color made the biggest increase in sales in the same price discount scope. These findings indicate that more profit can be generated in mobile phone sales in China by setting different price discount or increase rates according to colors or producing different amounts of mobile phones according to colors. Distributors or sales agents can have a chance for higher profit by ordering and selling mobile phones in certain colors than others from mobile phone manufacturers. The academic findings indicates that there are differences in preference and price elasticity according to colors under the mobile phone category in the Chinese market, which means that the present study made an academic contribution by proposing a microscopic analysis unit for product price elasticity and expanding its concept.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.57-74
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• 1998

Recently. the interest in Physical distribution has increased in economic geography This paper aims to review and prospect the internatonal physical distribution studies of international trade and international freight flows. And it has examined the changes in methodology of international physical distribution. Author has defined international physical distribution as the physical distribution of international trade and international freight flow The results are as follows : (1) As the methodology of international physical distribution studies developes, the physical distribution should be recognized not only as transportation phenomenon but also as total logistics which is understood as the combination of production and consumption including information flow. (2) The studies about model of international physical distribution flow ill need to study regional relations including urban, in the future. And economic geography and location theory adding culture and behaviour elements will be restructured, because not only state but also multinational corporation appear as trade subject in global economy. (3) The studies for the relation of habor and its hinterland in Physical distribution need to analyze the factors causing habor use with decision-making behaviour of corporation. (4) After oil crisis. as air freight is important, the studies for hinterland and foreland of freight centering international airport are needed because of necessity of light and small freight. flexible Production system, free trade, and high speed freight transportation of freshing food and flowers and so forth.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.297-318
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• 2014

The study has try to analyze firm-level marketing strategy for making inroads into United Arab Emirate(UAE) in the Middle East Rrgion. Korea's pharmaceutical medicine industry can overcome that growth limit by strategically advancing into the world market even the its market share is slight as of 2013. The results of Marketing Mix strategies to enter the UAE pharmaceutical medicine market are as follows: STP strategy and Marketing Mix strategy based on the findings of this study, the practical implications of the following. First of all, domestic pharmaceutical industries in Korea due to the domestic market, growth in the various institutional devices have limits on the expansion. On the other hand, supports the Government's active policy of UAE health care industry is booming. UAE Government medical facilities and health care in the health care industry in 2010 to improve the level of 80 billion dollars of investment. The UAE's medical sector is equipped with independent regulatory regime by the Emirates. The UAE is a foreign worker influx has been showing a high population growth rate, over the last 30 years, UAE resident population has increased about 7 times. The UAE Government to improve the quality of medical services, the private sector and the public to encourage the signing of partnership (PPP) can also be found in the regulation of foreign direct investment. The results of this study would play a role in analyzing a marketing strategy to make inroads into UAE pharmaceutical medicine market.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.193-201
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• 2021

Patents for postharvest technology of fresh fruits, vegetables and mushrooms fluctuated in their filing number until the 2000s, but then there has been a steady increase in the 2010s, indicating that the technology has high growth potential in the international agricultural market. Using 551 valid patents for fresh fruits and 337 for fresh vegetables of 5 countries, patent trend of postharvest technology was analyzed in this study with two categorized technologies as packaging and storage. In Korea, patents from national research institutes such as the Korea Food Research Institute and Korea (Rural Development Administration) are dominated, and a number of patents for the postharvest storage of fresh vegetables by Mitsui Chemicals, a Japanese chemical company, have been registered. Agrofresh, a multinational company in the USA, holds a number of patents for postharvest storage of fresh fruit not only in its own country, but also in Japan and Europe. Postharvest technology of fresh fruits and vegetables was found to has a number of patents, mainly from national research institutes and multinational corporations, and this suggests that R&D and commercialization of the technologies are actively taking place.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.60 no.3
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• pp.318-332
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• 2015

The maize production in South-eastern Asian countries showed a continuous increase with increasing poultry-livestock from the beginning of the 1990s to early 2010. Also the need for a new variety development of each contries was increased rapidly in the same period. Single-Cross hybrid varieties have been developed and supplied from 2001 instead of multi-cross maize varieties since 1992 in Indonesia. In Cambodia, CP group is mainly manufacturing feeds with most of the forage maize from farmers who are growing its seeds from the company. Cambodian main cultivars are varieties of multinational corporations such as DK8868 from Monsanto, NK6326, NK7328 from Syngenta and CP333 from CP group including local business company. Vietnam is the main maze importing country in South-Eastern Asia which had imported 13 times scale of amount compared to exports in average from 1990 to 2011. Vietnamese government has developed a range of varieties for improving their efficiency in production, such as the LVN-10 with political investments. Their production has been reached to 80% of the total. According to the 2012 MIFAFF (Ministry for Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries) data in Korea, domestic edible maize cultivation area was approximately 15,000ha. It showed 74,399 tons of production, 3.8% of food self-sufficiency in maize and around 0.9% of grain self-sufficiency rate. The consumption of grain is mostly rely on imports in Korea. To overcome the limit of the domestic seed market and increase maize self-sufficiency, the need to develop maze varieties for world-class is increasing at present through analyzing the market trend and prospect of the seed industry in South-eastern Asia.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.386-396
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of push, pull and push-pull interactive factors for CFMC (Contract Foodservice Management Company)'s internationalization. The study was a quantitative study part in mixed methods (QUAL ${\rightarrow}$ quan) which was mainly qualitative study and quantitative study. Mail survey was carried out for quantitative study. For study subjects, 1,281 persons who completed 'Food Service Management Professional Program' of 'Y' University were selected as a population because the program was mainly for CFMC's workers. The analysis methods used in this study were frequency analysis, factor analysis, correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis with SPSS 17.0. Push factors had the saturation in domestic market and the manager's purpose (fac.1) and the investment for internationalization (fac.2). Pull factors had the company's external environment for internationalization (fac.3) and the global network and spread of culture (fac.4). Push-pull interactive factors had the information about foreign market (fac.5), the procedure and budget of overseas expansion (fac.6) and the national network and size of domestic market (fac.7). Internal dynamics factors had the deterrents for internationalization (fac.8) and the enablers for internationalization (fac.9). The result showed that the company's external environment in pull factors had positive effects on the deterrents for internationalization. The global network and the spread of culture had positive effects on the enablers for internationalization. The information about foreign market in push-pull interactive factors had positive effects on the deterrents and enablers for internationalization. The national network and the size of domestic market had positive effects on the enablers for internationalization. The deterrents and enablers for internationalization had positive effects on the level of internationalization, and the deterrents had more effects on the level of internationalization than the enablers did (${\beta}$= .492 > .177).

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.42
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• pp.505-524
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• 2016

This study examines the ways District 9, a film released in 2009, reworks the sci-fi genre to explore the human encounter with "other" alien populations. Like Avatar, released in the same year, District 9 addresses the tropes of conflict over land and human-alien hybridity and introduces non-humans and aliens, not as invaders, but as objects of human oppression and cruelty. Unlike many other science fiction films where the encounter between humans and non-humans occurs in an unidentifiable future time and location, District 9 crosses genre barriers to engage with urban realism, producing a social critique of contemporary urban population problems. The arrival of aliens in District 9 occurs as part of the recorded human past and the film's action is carried out in the present time in the specifically identified city of Johannesburg. A distinctly anti-Hollywood film that locates the action at the street level, District 9 plays out human anxieties about contact with others by referencing the divisions and conflicts historically attached to South Africa's sprawling metropolis and its current problems of urban poverty and illegal immigrants. Focusing on how this particular urban setting frames the film, the study investigates the ways Blomkamp's sci-fi film about extra-terrestrials presents a curious postcolonial mix of aliens and immigrants surviving in abject conditions in an urban slum and forces a realistic examination of the contemporary social problems faced by South Africa's largest city and by extension other major global cities. The paper also examines the film's representation of the human-alien hybrid and its potential as a force to resist human exploitation of the other. It also claims that though the setting is highly local, District 9 speaks to a wider global audience by making obvious the exploitative practices of profit-seeking multinationals. A sci-fi film that is keen on making a social commentary on urban population conflicts, District 9 resonates with the wider sense of insecurity and fear of others that form the horizon of the uncertain and potentially violent contemporary human world.

• Archives of design research
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.181-188
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• 2004

The values of material civilizations that dominated the last century have been replaced with invisible values such as knowledge, information, and culture. The central axis of the world economy is also rapidly shifting from a capital and labor-intensive industry to a knowledge-based industry of software and contents. From the perspective of the industrialization of culture as multinational corporations and dominance and subordination relationships between cultures thereof, and crisis of cultural identity, the issues of support and fostering a culture industry arise. These have become major issues of concern in deciding national policies. In response to this trend, new departments related to culture contents in various universities have been established for fostering manpower in the field and the government policy to foster related human resources. However, actual results have not been currently achieved, despite the increase in quantity. This is due to the fact that the walls between culture contents departments were too high and thus education and fostering excellent human resources have not been properly conducted. It is also due to the obscure direction of education and a deficiency in the system. To cope with these problems, a systematic manpower-fostering education program should be developed through enhancement of the understanding of culture contents via linking education programs with detailed major fields of study. Accordingly, this study aims to identify changes in the current culture contents industry at home and abroad according to digitalization for fostering manpower of culture contents required in a rapidly changing environment of the culture contents industry. Then, it will review what influence has been made on the education system through the identification of personnel types through work flow charts and contents delivery modes following integration, as well as a desirable method to construct culture contents. Therefore, this study is a preliminary study on the means of fostering core personnel in the culture contents industry through linkage with the education system.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.165-174
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• 2016

This paper examined opportunities and limitations of building an innovation cluster based on large scale research facilities (LSRF). For this purpose, success factors of innovation clusters were drawn from the literature, and categorized into knowledge & technology, transaction cost & agglomeration economies, hardware & software infrastructure, and government policy & strategy. Utilizing the categorization as an analytic framework, case studies of CERN and SPring-8 were performed. The results showed that there were various innovation processes for both cases, creating opportunities for developing innovation clusters in terms of knowledge and technology. On the other hand, in the case of SPring-8, there were disadvantages in the transaction cost and agglomeration economies, being located in a remote area due to the nature of the facility. Software & hardware infrastructure of SPring-8 limited its potential for innovation clusters. Regarding government policy and strategy, CERN, as a multinational institution, did not consider an innovation cluster in a specific region despite some advantages. An innovation cluster around SPring-8 was promoted by government policy despite some disadvantages. In other words, the advantages and disadvantages were enhanced or complemented by software & hardware infrastructure and government policy & strategy. Based on the results, this paper provides the implications for the Korean International Science-Business Belt.