• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.8 no.7
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• pp.719-728
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• 2018

Each country has its preferred image and how to convey it effectively. The study aims to find traditional Korean makeup methods and ways to effectively convey a preferred image. Among the ancient manuscripts of Joseon Dynasty, the book " Galgap Collection " has ten ancestors who express their favorite eyebrows in the form of a grandfather. In this study, we applied tens of thousands of words to the actual model to solve the problem and make up the methods of literature, the Internet, and example. The model stimuli were measured by conducting a street experiment of 10 makeup experts and 70 men and women's blinds. The result was that the " Gaewon- .aemi " type seemed to be the best, attractive and most consistent with the shape of the thinking eyebrows and the current fashion of eyebrows. In a variety of nonverbal ways expressed in the classics, the study looked at ways to use visual poetry to communicate effectively. This research will help transform design ideas and help understand cultural trends of different times.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.27 no.7
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• pp.731-741
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• 2000

This paper proposes a method to detect a facial region and extract facial features which is crucial for visual recognition of human faces. In this paper, we extract the MER(Minimum Enclosing Rectangle) of a face and facial components using projection analysis on both edge image and binary image. We use an active contour model(snakes) for extraction of the contours of eye, mouth, eyebrow, and face in order to reflect the individual differences of facial shapes and converge quickly. The determination of initial contour is very important for the performance of snakes. Particularly, we detect Minimum Enclosing Rectangle(MER) of facial components and then determine initial contours using general shape of facial components within the boundary of the obtained MER. We obtained experimental results to show that MER extraction of the eye, mouth, and face was performed successfully. But in the case of images with bright eyebrow, MER extraction of eyebrow was performed poorly. We obtained good contour extraction with the individual differences of facial shapes. Particularly, in the eye contour extraction, we combined edges by first order derivative operator and zero crossings by second order derivative operator in designing energy function of snakes, and we achieved good eye contours. For the face contour extraction, we used both edges and grey level intensity of pixels in designing of energy function. Good face contours were extracted as well.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.28-39
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• 2005

This chapter presents how 'optical illusion' works in applying makeup and how to differentiate the direction, location and shape at eyebrow lines in the aspect at physiognomy. For this study, employed were five types of face shape produced by Photoshop program - round, square, long, inverted triangle. and diamond. The best-matched facial shape was examined through a questionnaire research after applying the optical illusion of eyebrow lines to the five types of face shape. The results were revealed to be identical to ones presented in make-up teaching materials. In conclusion, it was found that well-matched shape and size of eyebrow could make some changes in the facial impression, changing the face shape into oval shape. The facial line can be modified and supplemented by reshaping such facial parts as the eyebrow, producing well-balanced facial shape. Consequently, make-up was proved to be one of the methods which can be used to create social and psychological effect which can make a favorable facial impression and individuality, natural impression and image making depending on different purposes, taking advantage of optical illusion effect.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.1182-1187
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• 2004

Robust, real-time, fully automatic tracking of facial features is required for many computer vision and graphics applications. In this paper, we describe a fully automatic system that tracks eyes and eyebrows in real time. The pupils are tracked using the red eye effect by an infrared sensitive camera equipped with infrared LEDs. Templates are used to parameterize the facial features. For each new frame, the pupil coordinates are used to extract cropped images of eyes and eyebrows. The template parameters are recovered by PCA analysis on these extracted images using a PCA basis, which was constructed during the training phase with some example images. The system runs at 30 fps and requires no manual initialization or calibration. The system is shown to work well on sequences with considerable head motions and occlusions.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fashion and Beauty
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• v.3 no.2 s.2
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• pp.31-38
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• 2005

Make-up changes facial images. In particular, eyebrow make-up is a part of changing expression most easily and effectively. While color make-up is helpful to produce women's desired image with their favorite colors, eyebrow make-up is hidden actor to give a clear impression to others. Therefore, this study connected facial type which is an important factor deciding facial image with eyebrow, examined image of eyebrow make-up and that changed by facial types and aimed to be helpful in producing more effective facial image with eyebrow make-up considering one's facial type. Consequently, it was found that eyebrow make-up was a great factor in making better facial impression and image and complementing the weakness of facial type. h strong impression of facial type can be changed into soft shape or foolish shape in worse case depending on the types of eyebrow make-up. Eyebrow make-up shows charming image as angle of eyebrow is steep, heavy image as eyebrow is horizontal, cold image as eyebrow tail rises and simple and dull image as it lowers. Therefore, it is known that image of eyebrow make-up can be governed by several factors including angle and direction of eyebrow. Consequently, it is thought that most effective eyebrow make-up considers individual facial types, images of their eyes, noses and mouths and factors deciding angle, direction and colors of eyebrow.

• Proceedings of the Korea Multimedia Society Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.148-152
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• 2001

본 논문은 이미지 조합형 캐릭터 생성 방법이 아닌 통제점 조절을 통한 얼굴 캐릭터 생성에 관한 것으로, 캐릭터로 표현 하고자 하는 얼굴 이미지를 바탕으로 얼굴외곽, 눈, 코, 입, 귀, 눈썹 형태에 맞추어 통제점을 조정하고, 통제점에 의해 조절되는 스플라인 곡선으로 얼굴 이미지를 단순화함으로써 다양한 형태의 캐릭터 이미지를 생성할 수 있다 얼굴이외의 헤어스타일과 몸, 기타 악세사리는 샘플 이미지 조합의 방법을 사용하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.553-555
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• 2003

사람의 얼굴을 검출 및 인식을 하는 여러 가지 다양한 알고리즘이 소개되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 사람의 피부색을 이용한 컬러정보(Color Information)와 국부 최적 임계치 기법을 사용하여 얼굴의 형상정보를 검출하고 얼굴 영역을 검출하는 방법을 사용한다. 컬러정보를 사용하여 얼굴의 후보영역을 선정한 후에 그 후보영역에서 얼굴의 특징인 눈, 눈썹, 입을 찾는 방법을 제안한다. 피부색은 일정한 분포를 가지고 있기 때문에 후보영역을 비교적 정확히 찾을 수 있으며, 국부 최적 임계치 기법은 효과적인 얼굴 특징 검출방법이다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.565-567
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• 2003

이 논문은 Matched Filter 기술을 사용해 얼굴 특징점 위치를 추출하는 연구에 대해서 기술한다. 기본 목표는 얼굴의 서로 다른 8개( 양쪽 눈과 눈썹, 머리선, 코, 입, 턱 )의 부분을 구분할 수 있는 필터들을 개발하는 것이다. 이런 Matched Filter는 Fourier 역변환을 사용해 훈련영상(Training Image)으로부터 얻을 수 있다. 실험평가는 베른대학의 얼굴 데이터베이스에 근거한다. 우리는 여기서 다양한 얼굴의 방향성에 효과적으로 적용할 수 있도록 하는 훈련 영상자료가 무엇인지 알 수 있다. 그리고 안경을 썼을 때 얼굴을 인식할 수 있는 가장 좋은 방법도 알아본다.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.74-90
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• 1987

한국산 유영류(다모강)의 분류학적 연구의 일환으로 1965년부터 1986년까지 우리나라의 삼면연안과 도서지방(36개 지역)에서 채집된 표본을 동정 분류하였다. 그 결과 10과 20속 31종 2 종이 밝혀졌으며 그 중 4아종 1 아종(Amphinome rostrata, Haplosyllis tentaculata, Typosyllis aciculata orientalis, Typosyllis variegata, Glycera subaenea)은 한국미기록종으로 판명되었다. 눈썹참갯지렁이 (Perinereis nuntina)는 총 36개 지역 중 11개 지역에서 채집되었으며 , 총 600여 개체중 232 개체가 채집됨으로써 우리나라에 널리 분포해있는 종으로 나타났다. 동정 분류된 표본 중 한국과 일본 해역에만 분포하는 것은 3 종이었다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems Conference
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.528-531
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• 2004

본 논문에서는 칼라 영상을 이용하여 인간의 감성을 인식할 수 있는 방법을 제안한다. 먼저 칼라 영상으로부터 피부색 추출방법을 이용하여 얼굴을 추출한다 그 다음, 추출된 얼굴 영상으로부터 인간 얼굴의 특징 점(눈썹, 눈, 코, 입)들을 추출하는 방법과 각 특징 점들 간의 구조적인 관계로부터 인간의 감성(기쁨, 놀람, 슬픔, 분노)을 인식하는 방법을 제안한다. 본 논문에서 제안한 방법은 퍼지 추론을 기반으로 하여 인간의 감성을 인식한다. 마지막으로, 제안된 방법은 실험을 통해 그 응용 가능성을 확인한다.