• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.11-21
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• 2016

Purpose: The aim of this study was to analyze the difference in tear film stability according to the wearing time when wearing clear and circle soft contact lens(circle lens) made of same material. Methods: The clear and circle contact lenses of hilafilcon B and nelfilcon A materials were respectively applied on the subjects classified as normal and dry eyes depending on their tear volume, and their tear film stability was investigated by measuring the non-invasive tear film break-up times, lens centration and the first appearing area of tear breakup after 30 mins and 6 hrs of lens wearing. Results: Non-invasive tear film breakup time significantly reduced with increase of the wearing time for normal and dry eyes when wearing clear and circle contact lenses. The starting ratio of tear film break-up was higher at the peripheral area of clear and circle lenses in all two different materials, and higher at the peripheral area of dry eyes than normal eyes. Starting ratio of tear film break-up was higher at the peripheral area of nelfilcon A lenses compared with hilafilcon B lenses, however, its change with the increase of wearing time showed a different aspect. The number of tear film break-up per unit area when wearing circle lenses of nelfilcon A increased at the central area with the wearing time while its number was higher at the peripheral area when wearing circle lenses of hilafilcon B. The centration of clear lenses made of two materials was closer to pupil compared to circle lenses with the increase of wearing time, however, a larger decentration was shown in dry eyes compared with normal eyes. Conclusions: The research revealed that an effect on tear film stability may be changed by clear lenses as well as circle lenses with coloring process according to the increase of wearing time, and the factors affecting on tear film stability may also vary depending on lens materials. Thus, the appropriate lenses should be selected by the consideration of lens material as well as coloring method/dyes according to the wearers' habit such as daily wearing time and wearing period when trying to wear clear and circle lenses.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.59 no.1
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• pp.88-92
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• 2015

• Journal of The Korean Ophthalmological Society
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• v.59 no.12
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• pp.1103-1107
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• 2018

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical effect of intense regulated pulse light (IRPL) and changes in tear film thickness in dry eye patients. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 25 patients with Meibomian gland dysfunction who had subjective dry eye discomfort and whose tear film break-up time (TBUT) was < 10 seconds. All patients were treated with IRPL three times on days 1, 15, and 45. TBUT, Schirmer 1 test results, cornea staining score with fluorescein, ocular surface disease index (OSDI), and lipid layer thickness were measured and compared before and after the procedure. Results: TBUT was significantly increased from $3.7{\pm}1.2s$ to $4.4{\pm}2.1s$ after IRPL (p = 0.03). Schirmer 1 test and cornea staining scores changed significantly (p < 0.01 and p = 0.01, respectively). OSDI also showed a statistically significant improvement from $39.5{\pm}17.5points$ to $30.4{\pm}18.7points$ (p = 0.01). However, no significant difference in lipid layer thickness was observed (p = 0.49). Conclusions: IRPL is an effective treatment modality to improve TBUT, Schirmer 1 test scores, cornea staining scores, and subjective dry eye symptoms.

• Sijohaknonchong
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• v.25
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• pp.101-127
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• 2006

JANG-YOOK-DANG(장육당) is the pen-name of Lee, Byeol(이별). His elder brother is Lee, won(이원). He was putted to death by the king Yeon-san(연산군). So abandoning the way of the world, JANG-YOOK-DANG hided himself at mountain valley in Peong-san of Hwng-haedo(황해도 평산). Here he angled for fish and with the persons over sixty years old drunk, sang the songs. Then he composed the poem . This poem spreaded abroad, and came to the ears of Lee, Hwang(이황). He criticized this poem to have irreverence by casting upon the world, not to have gentleness and affability. But imitating the poem he composed intended to be sung. For that gentleness and affability are the instruction of the Poetry, he filled the poems with contents of the gentleness and the affability. But the livings of the two persons were different, and then their poems was intended to be sung were different. In these different contents, we can not say that this or that is right. JANG-YOOK-DANG would do to express his bitter sentiments by his song.

• The Safety technology
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• no.172
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• pp.22-23
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• 2012

환한 미소가 가득한 앳된 얼굴, 공을 주시하는 예리한 눈빛, 반대편 코트를 향해 매섭게 내리꽂는 스트로크, 테니스 코트를 울리는 당찬 기합소리. 처음 마주친 김민화(36세) 씨의 모습은 패기 넘치는 여자 테니스 선수의 모습이었다. 하지만 시선을 아래로 향해가면서 또 다른 모습이 시야에 들어왔다. 그것은 바로 휠체어였다. 휠체어에 의지한 몸으로 그렇게 코트를 헤집고 다녔다니, 놀라움과 또한 한편으로는 경외감이 느껴졌다. 김민화씨가 테니스 라켓을 손에 쥔지는 약 1년 정도 그전까지 그녀는 산재의 고통속에서 슬픔을 지워내지 못하고 있었다고 한다. 하지만 지금 그녀의 얼굴에선 조금의 어두운 그늘도 찾아보기가 힘들다. 눈물로 가득했던 마음을 자신감으로 채우고, 다시 한 번 인생의 당당한 주인공으로 우뚝 선 것이다. 무엇이 그녀를 변화시킨 것일까? 따스한 봄바람이 대지를 감싸던 3월의 어느날, 밝은 미소 뒤에 숨겨져 있던 그녀의 지난 일기를 들어봤다.