• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.441-447
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• 2013

Purpose: The present study was conducted to investigate the axial rotations of toric soft lens during the change of lens wearer's posture, and the relationship between its rotation and corneal astigmatism. Methods: The amount, direction, and speed of toric soft contact lens rotation were measured for 42 eyes (aged 20s) with the rule astigmatism in the straight and lying postures, and it compared between their changes according to corneal astigmatism. Results: There was no significant difference in the axial rotation of lens for the astigmatism prescription between the straight and lying postures. However, the rotation angle was significantly different according to the posture of lens wearer. Rotating directions in straight posture were nasal direction for 20 eyes and temporal direction for 22 eyes. In lying posture, lenses of most wearers were rotated to a direction of lying posture, and the initial rotating speed was very fast in initial wearing for -0.75 D toric lenses, but consistency for -1.25 D toric lenses. The rotation angle in lying posture showed significantly different according to the amount of corneal astigmatism, the lens speed was also significantly different according to the wearing time but not the amount of corneal astigmatism. Conclusions: The axial rotation of toric soft lens was different by the lens wearer's posture and its amount was the greater with the higher degree of corneal astigmatism. Thus, these factors should be considered for the development of toric lens design.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.30-30
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• 2004

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.449-456
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• 2013

Purpose: The present study aimed to investigate the effects of corneal eccentricity and shape on the rotational pattern of toric soft lens by the postural change of lens wearers. Methods: The corneal eccentricity of 41 eyes (aged 20s) having -1.0 D with-the-rule corneal astigmatism (WRCA) was measured, and then toric soft lenses were fitted with the amount of total astigmatism. In lying and straight postures, the rotation of toric soft lenses was recorded by a camera attached to slitlamp and analyzed. Results: Most toric soft lens designed with accelerated stabilization rotated to the temporal direction, which was the lying position direction, regardless of corneal eccentricity, and some lenses rotated to the nasal direction for high corneal eccentricity and corneal type of asymmetric bowtie. There was no correlation between the amount of rotation and corneal eccentricity right after of contact lens wearing in straight and lying posture, however, the amount of rotation was the greater for the cornea with the higher eccentricity after the subjects laying down for some period. The speed of lens rotation started to decrease after the subjects laying down, but the speed was not different according to corneal eccentricity difference. The amount of lens rotation for symmetric and asymmetric bowtie-typed corneas increased more than it for oval-typed cornea, and it was same even with time elapsing. The speed of lens rotation in lying posture was the slowest in asymmetric bowtie-typed cornea compared with other corneal types. Conclusions: From the present study, it was revealed that the rotational pattern of toric soft lens was affected by corneal eccentricity and corneal shape when the wearer's posture changed. Thus, it should be considered for the development of the fitting guideline and the design of toric soft lens.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.341-348
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• 2020

This research is to find out which position is more effective on exercise. This study compared paricipants in their twenties on sitting position & standing position doing abdominal breathing of their respiration & abdominal muscle activation for 4 weeks. In sitting position, FEV1 was the biggest after breathing exercise. In standing position, the gap was biggest between the FEV1 & forced expiratory flow before and after the exercise. In standing and supine position, Lt. rectus abdominis before exercise and Rt. rectus abdominis after exercise muscle activities were the biggiest. Both posture exercise of repeated measure of analysis result, before and after the exercise of the rectus abdomonis muscle and external oblique muscle were not difference in both muscle activity(p>.05). Left Musculus obliquus externus abdominis before and after physical exercise, it's showed a meaningful difference(p<0.05). Before and after exercise, saw a meaningful difference the efforts of FEV1/FVC(p<0.05). The left external oblique abdominis muscle showed the most muscle activity in the supine position before/after exercising, the efforts expiratory showed the lowest muscle activity.The results from the repeated measures ANOVA regarding to before/after the volume and muscle activity, it showed significant difference between at the right rectus abdominis muscle(p<.05). This study finally gathered data about the muscle activity according to the position. This could be used to find in what position the abdominal breath exercise is the post effective & a new treatment for the patients who has worsened respiration function.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.25-31
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• 2014

Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis(BIA) is a widely used method for estimating body composition changes which is a non-invasive, inexpensive, safety and reproductive method. We studied the bioimpedance change and the distinction of blood pressure according to body posture and conducted three kinds of experiments: the real-time bioimpedance measurement, the simulation using equivalent circuit model and the blood pressure measurement. Bioimpedance is measured during 4 minutes at the multi-frequency(1 kHz, 10 kHz, 20 kHz, 50 kHz, 70 kHz, 100 kHz). From the experiment results, the changes in body postures result in changes of resistance and reactance, with an average rapid increase of body impedance when going from standing, sitting to supine. Specially, the laying resistance on average was 16.49% higher than supine resistance at 50 kHz and the laying reactance measurement was also 26.05% higher than sitting reactance at 1 kHz. Blood pressure in standing posture was higher than those in other postures both in maximum($125.14{\pm}12.30$) and in minimum($75.57{\pm}10.31$). The results of BIA and blood pressure in this study will be contributed to the research on acute illness, extreme fat, and body shape abnormalities.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.202-208
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• 2007

Various techniques were evaluated to determine the best method for reducing small bowel involvement in pelvic irradiation. Fourteen patients receiving radiation in pelvic area were enrolled for this study. Five sets of small bowel images were obtained. Patients were positioned on a simulation couch with full bladder in prone and supine positions and 2 sets of images were taken. Then they were asked to empty their bladder and 2 sets of images were taken in prone and supine positions. A belly board device (BBD) was placed and one set of images was obtained. Using a software, the area of small bowel inside treatment field was contoured, measured, and analyzed. In both full and empty bladder cases, small bowel area reduction was observed in prone position as compared to supine position. Especially statistically significant reduction is noted in lateral film. An average decreases of 13% in PA and 26% in lateral direction were noted with bladder distention as compared to empty bladder. With the use of BBD for empty bladder, a significant reduction of $62.8{\pm}27.1%$ and $63.1{\pm}32.9%$ in PA and lateral directions were observed as compared to without BBD in prone position, respectively. In conclusion, the best sparing of small bowel concerning the area included in the treatment fields was achieved with BBD in prone position with empty bladder. However, further reduction is expected if the bladder was filled fully because the analysed data with empty vs full bladder study shows increased sparing of small bowel with distended bladder.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2014

Purpose : To analyze tumor's movement and volume change from changing position in order to minimize movement caused by breathing. Materials and Methods : We conducted survey of 14 patients with HCC(Hepatocellular carcinoma). Patient immobilization device was made in two ways(Supine position, prone position) and from image acquisition, tumor's movement, volume and dose are analyzed. Results : The mean movement of target(LR, Left-right) in supine position and prone position was $2.76{\pm}1.25mm$, $2.21{\pm}0.93mm$. AP(Anterior-posterior) and SI(Superior-inferior) was $4.02{\pm}1.63mm$, $11.56{\pm}3.08mm$, $3.36{\pm}1.17mm$, $7.45{\pm}1.96mm$. Treatment volume was decreased and normal liver volume was increased in prone position. Conclusion : We could reduce the margin of the treatment volume by minimizing the movement of liver caused by breathing. Especially in prone position, it is considered to be able to decrease the movement of the liver and increase normal liver volume.

• 순환기질환의공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.24-25
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• 2004

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.253-259
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• 2009

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to find out useful radiological projection of shoulder subluxation in patients with post-stroke hemiplegia. Methods : A total of 33 patients with post-stroke hemiplegia were included(20 men and 13 women, mean age 62.3 years) and having the subluxed shoulder over one finger breath. The shoulder subluxation was determined as the ratio of the radiographic vertical and horizontal distance. The vertical distance was determined by measuring the distance between the most inferolateral point of the acromion and the central point of the humeral head. The horizontal distance was determined by measuring the distance between the central point of the glenoid fossa and the central point of the humeral head. To measure of the shoulder subluxation, the shoulder AP, axial and transthoracic lateral projections were taken on both affected and unaffected shoulders. We analyzed the difference of subluxation distance by t-test. Results : When patients was in sitting position, the average time of being shoulder subluxation was 123 second. There was significant difference between supine($49.90{\pm}13.6\;mm$) and sitting position($60.72{\pm}16.3\;mm$) in the vertical distance of shoulder anterior-posterior projection. Also, there was significant difference on transthoracic lateral projections, Affected $35.92{\pm}6.2\;mm$, Unaffected $28.76{\pm}5.4\;mm$. But in case of shoulder axial projection(supine position), there was no significant difference (Unaffected and affected was $23.01{\pm}9.0\;mm$, $22.45{\pm}8.2\;mm$ each). Conclusion : Radiological projection of shoulder subluxation has diagnostic value when it goes after check out the process of subluxation through finger breadth test. For this, patients must be in sitting and shoulder neutral position about 2 minutes. In addition, Shoulder anterior-posterior and transthoracic projection were significant to diagnose subluxation. But in axial projection, there wasn't meaningful differences.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.402-409
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• 2019

Patients with dementia or elderly patients who can not move at all by themselves are at a high risk of falls and bedsore due to lack of caregivers. In this paper, to solve this problem, we propose an algorithm to determine the patient's lying postures by discriminating the main body parts such as head, shoulders, and hips based on the pressure intensity sensed at regular intervals. A smart mat with a lattice structure in which a pressure sensor is arranged so that the body part can be discriminated irrespective of the physical characteristics has been implemented. It consists of two modules of $7{\times}7$ array size. Each module consists of 49 FSR-406 sensors and independently senses pressure. For each module, the body part corresponding to the upper body or the lower body is sequentially discriminated by using a pressure distribution such as a cumulative pressure sum using a filter. The proposed algorithm can identify five lying positions by examining the inclusion relationship between body parts belonging to layer-1 such as head, shoulder, and hip area.