• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.652-657
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• 2007

This experimental study was designed to investigate the effects of FOENICULI FRUCTUS freeze dry powder (FF) on the change of cerebral hemodynamics [regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and mean arterial blood pressure (MABP)] in normal and further to determine the mechanism of action of FF. The results in normal rats were as follows ; FF significantly increased rCBF in a dose-dependent, but decreased MABP, This results were suggested that FF significantly increased rCBF by dilating PAD. The FF-induced increase in rCBF was significantly inhibited by pretreatment with 1H[1,2,4]oxadizolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ, 10 ${\mu}$g/kg, i.p.), an inhibitor of guanylate cyclase and indomethacin (IDN, 1 mg/kg, i.p.), an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase and propranolol (PPN, 3 mg/kg, i.p.), a blocker of adrenalic f receptor and Lu-Nitro-L-Arginine (L-NNA, 1 m9/kB, i.p.), an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. The FFE-induced decrease in MABP was significantly increased by pretreatment with L-NNA and was increased by pretreatment with PPN, Dut was inhibited by pretreatment with ODQ and IDN, This results were suggested that the mechanism of FF was mediated by nitric oxide synthase and adrenalic ${\beta}$ receptor.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.167-181
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• 2004

Objective : Carthami Flos has been used as a herb to promote blood circulation to remove blood stasis in oriental medicine for many centuries. To investigate treatment of cerebral vascular disease(CVA) by promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis(活血化瘀法), we observed the experimental Effects of Aqua-Acupuncture of Carthami Flos on the Regional Cerebral Blood Flow and Mean Arterial Blood Pressure in Rats. Method : When aqua-acupuncture of Carthami Flos(ACF) was injected into LI4, Liv3, B23, B62, GV16, experimental effects of ACF on the regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF) and mean arterial blood pressure(MABP) is not known. Therefor, this study was designed to investigate the effects of ACF on the change of cerebral hemodynamics. The changes of rCBF and MABP were tested by Laser Doppler Flowmetry(LDF). Results : When ACF was injected into LI4, change of rCBF and MABP were decreased in a injected time-dependent manner. When ACF was injected into Liv3, change of rCBF and MABP were decreased in a injected time-dependent manner. When ACF was injected into B23, change of rCBF was significantly increased in a injected time-dependent manner, MABP did not change. When ACF was injected into B62, change of rCBF was increased in a injected time-dependent manner, change of MABP was significantly decreased after injection 60min. When ACF was injected into GV16, change of rCBF and MABP were similar to the change of normal. Conclusions : In conclusion, I suggested that ACF(LI4, Liv3) has an effect that depress the blood pressure & cerebral hemodynamic acceleration and ACF(B23, B62) has an anti-ischemic effect through the improvement of crebral hemodynamics.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.3 s.63
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• pp.188-203
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• 2005

Objectives : This study was designed to investigate the effects of Jayun-tang extract (JYT) on the change of cerebral hemodynamics [regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF), pial arterial diameter (PAD) and mean arterial blood pressure (MABP)] in normal and cerebral ischemic rats, na to determine the mechanisms of action of JYT. Methods : We investigated whether JYT inhibits lactate dehydrogenase activity in neuronal cells and cytokines production in serum of cerebral ischemic rats. Results : 1. JYT significantly increased rCBF and PAD in a dose-dependent manner, but MABP was not changed by injecting JYT. These results suggested JYT significantly increased rCBF by dilating PAD. 2. The JYT-induced increase in rCBF was significantly inhibited from pretreatment with indomethacin (1mg/kg, i.p.), an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase and methylene blue $(10{\mu}g/kg, i.p.)$, an inhibitor of guanylate cyclase. 3. The JYT-induced dilation in PAD was significantly inhibited from pretreatment with indomethacin, but was increased by pretreatment with methylene blue. 4 The JYT-induced increase in MABP was reduced by pretreatment with indomethacin and methylene blue. 5. JYT significantly inhibited lactate dehydrogenase activity in neuronal cells. These results suggest that JYT prevented the neuronal death. 6. Both rCBF and PAD were significantly and stably increased by JYT $(10{\mu}g/kg,\;i.p.)$ during the Period or cerebral reperfusion, which contrasted with the findings of rapid and marked increase in the control group. 7. In cytokine production in the serum drawn from femoral artery 1hr after middle cerebral artery occlusion, the sample group showed significantly decreased production of $IL-1\beta$ and $TNF-\alpha$ as well as increased production of IL-10 and $TGF-\beta$ compared with rho control group. 8. In cytokine production in the serum drawn from femoral artery 1hr after reperfusion, the sample group showed significantly decreased production of $IL-1\beta$ and $TNF-\alpha$ as well as significantly increased production of IL-10 and $TGF-\beta$ compared with the control group. Conclusions : JYT mediated by cyclooxygenase had an inhibitive effect on brain damage by inhibiting lactate dehydrogenase activity, $IL-1\beta$ and $TNF-\alpha$ production, and by accelerating IL-10 and $TGF-\beta$ production. The author feels that JYT had anti-ischemic effects through the improvement of cerebral hemodynamics and inhibitive effects on brain damage.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.288-300
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• 2003

Purpose: To obtain regional blood flow and tissue-blood partition coefficient with time-activity curves from ${H_2}^{15}O$ PET, fitting of some parameters in the Kety model is conventionally accomplished by nonlinear least squares (NLS) analysis. However, NLS requires considerable compuation time then is impractical for pixel-by-pixel analysis to generate parametric images of these parameters. In this study, we investigated several fast parameter estimation methods for the parametric image generation and compared their statistical reliability and computational efficiency. Materials and Methods: These methods included linear least squres (LLS), linear weighted least squares (LWLS), linear generalized least squares (GLS), linear generalized weighted least squares (GWLS), weighted Integration (WI), and model-based clustering method (CAKS). ${H_2}^{15}O$ dynamic brain PET with Poisson noise component was simulated using numerical Zubal brain phantom. Error and bias in the estimation of rCBF and partition coefficient, and computation time in various noise environments was estimated and compared. In audition, parametric images from ${H_2}^{15}O$ dynamic brain PET data peformed on 16 healthy volunteers under various physiological conditions was compared to examine the utility of these methods for real human data. Results: These fast algorithms produced parametric images with similar image qualify and statistical reliability. When CAKS and LLS methods were used combinedly, computation time was significantly reduced and less than 30 seconds for $128{\times}128{\times}46$ images on Pentium III processor. Conclusion: Parametric images of rCBF and partition coefficient with good statistical properties can be generated with short computation time which is acceptable in clinical situation.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.141-153
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• 2007

Objectives: The purpose of this report is to examine the effect of $BL_{66}$ ${\cdot}$ $GB_{43}$ supplement and LIl ${\cdot}$ $GB_{44}$ draining in acupuncture for cerebral apoplexy treatment. Methods : I designed to investigate whether $BL_{66}$ ${\cdot}$ $GB_{43}$ supplement and $LI_1$ ${\cdot}$ $GB_{44}$ draining in acupuncture affects cerebral hemodynamics [regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF), mean arterial blood pressure(MABP)] in normal rats, and to make manifest whether $BL_{66}$ ${\cdot}$ $GB_{43}$ supplement and $LI_1$ ${\cdot}$ $GB_{44}$ draining in acupuncture is mediated by cyclooxygenase or guanylate cyclase. The changes of rCBF and MABP were determinated by laser-doppler flowmetry(LDF). Results : 1. $BL_{66}$ ${\cdot}$ $GB_{43}$ supplement and LI1 ${\cdot}$ $GB_{44}$ draining in acupuncture increased rCBF significantly, but decreased MABP. These results suggest that $BL_{66}$ ${\cdot}$ $GB_{43}$ supplement and $LI_1$ ${\cdot}$ $GB_{44}$ draining in acupuncture increased significantly rCBF by dilating pial arterial diameter(PAD). 2. By pretreatment with indomethacin(1 mg/kg, i.p.), the effect of $BL_{66}$ ${\cdot}$ $GB_{43}$ supplement and $LI_1$ ${\cdot}$ $GB_{44}$ draining in acupuncture induced increase of rCBF was significantly inhibited, the decreased MABP by treatment with $BL_{66}$ ${\cdot}$ $GB_{43}$ supplement and $LI_1$ ${\cdot}$ $GB_{44}$ draining in acupuncture was increased. 3. By pretreatment with methylene blue($10{\mu}/kg$, i.p.), the increased rCBF by treatment with $BL_{66}$ ${\cdot}$ $GB_{43}$ supplement and $LI_1$ ${\cdot}$ $GB_{44}$ draining in acupuncture was decreased conversely, the decreased MABP by treatment with $BL_{66}$ ${\cdot}$ $GB_{43}$ supplement and $LI_1$ ${\cdot}$ $GB_{44}$ draining in acupuncture was decreased. and then increased. Conclusion : I suggest that $BL_{66}$ ${\cdot}$ $GB_43$ supplement and $LI_1$ ${\cdot}$ $GB_{44}$ draining in acupuncture has an anti-ischemic effect through the improvement of cerebral hemodynamics.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.561-567
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• 2003

As an attempt to develop new functional health beverage by using medicinal herb, Artemisia capillaris, we investigated the effect of scopoletin in Artemisia capillaris on vessel and regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) of rats ingesting health drink prepared with Artemisia capillaris extracts and various ingredients. Artemisia capillaris extract decreased the vessel contraction and increased rCBF significantly. The extracts were grouped by heat temperature and mixed ratio and tested their respective characteristics. Then each condition was combined and produced the most effective one. The drink produced consisted of Artemisia capillaris extract 42%, honey 9.8%, citric acid 0.035%, cyclodextrin 1.47% and water. Brix, pH and acidity of the product were 9.2, 4.4 and 0.04%, respectively, This drink scored to have highest level on overall acceptance by the sensory evaluation. The above results showed that development of such functional beverage using Artemisia capillaris can be used as a functional material improving blood circulation in beverage industry.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.150-157
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• 2004

As an attempt to develop new functional health beverage by using medicinal herb, green ginger(Zingiber officinale Roscoe), we investigated the effect of Zingiber officinale on blood pressure and regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) of rats with Zingiber officinale extracts. Zingiber officinale extract increase rCBF significantly. The drink produced consisted of Zingiber officinale extract 1.825%, maltitol syrup 17.0%, citric aicd 0.06%, ascorbic acid 0.02%, stevioside 0.001%, ginger flavor 0.11% and water. Brix, pH and acidity of product were 13.7, 4.4 and 0.09, respectively. This drink had good score by the sensory evaluation. The above results showed that development of such functional beverage using Zingiber officinale can used as a functional material improving blood circulation in beverage industry.

• The Journal of Traditional Korean Medicine
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.90-96
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• 2006

In this study, Artemisia capillaris, which has been used as oriental medicine area and folks remedy, was investigated for effective substance (scopoletin) analysis. As an attempt to develop new functional beverage by using medicinal herb, Artemisia capillaris. Therefore we investigate the effect of scopoletin in Artemisia capillaris on vessel and regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) of rats. Artemisia capillaris extract was significantly decreased vessel constraction and significantly increased rCBF. Artemisia capillaris has often been cited in medical literature for its medicinal effects. Although the Korean Food and Drug Administration indicated Artemisia capillaris as the In-Jin-Sook which was allowed as a food stuff. From the view point of the subjects who eat In-Jin-Sook products, most of them ingested it for a certain pharmacological efficacy rather than as a beverage or a food. According to this facts, we need develop functional foods using In-Jin-Sook. Also scopoletin, get known to smooth muscle relaxation content was 326.13 ug/g. These results demonstrate that Artemisia capillaris has pharmaceutical effects and balanced nutritional contents. In according with Artemisia capillaris has a sufficiency of the terms use of food stuff in functional foods.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.320-329
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• 1997

Neuroanatomic substrate of autism has been the subjects of continuing investigation. Because previous studies had not demonstrated consistent and specific neuroimaging findings in autism and most studies comprised adults and school-aged children, we performed a retrospective review in search of common functional and anatomical abnormalities with brain SPECT using Tc-99m ECD and correlative MRI The patient population was composed of 18 children aged 28 to 89 months(mean age : 55 months) who met the diagnostic criteria of autism as defined in the DSM-IV and CARS. Brain SPECT was performed after intravenous injection of 185-370MBq of Tc-99m ECD using brain dedicated annular crystal gamma camera. MRI was performed in all patients including T1, T2 axial and T1 sagittal sequences. SPECT data were visually assessed. Thirteen patients had abnormal SPECT scan revealing focal areas of decreased perfusion. Decreased perfusion of cerebellar vermis(12/18), cerebellar hemisphere(11/18), thalami(13/18), basal ganglia(4/18), posterior parietal(7/18), and temporal(4/18) area were noted on brain SPECT. Whereas, only 3 patients had abnormal MR findings which were subtle volume loss of parieto-occipital white matter in 3 and mild thinning of posterior body of corpus callosum in 2 and slightly decreased volume of cerebellar vermis in 1. Comparison of the numbers of abnormal findings revealed that regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) abnormalities seen on SPECT were more numerous than anatomical abnormalities seen on MRI. In conclusion, extensive perfusion impairment involving cerebellum, thalami and parietal lobe were found in this study. SPECT may be more sensitive in reflecting pathophysiology of autism than MRI. However, further studies are mandatory to determine the significance of thalamic and parietal perfusion impairment in autism.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.1-16
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• 2005

Objectives : This experimental study was designed to investigate the effects of EjinTang-Gamybang(Erchentang-jiaweifang ; ETG) on the change of some values related to obesity and observe the complications coming from obesity in obese rat induced by high fat diet. Methods : Experimental group were as follows ; normal group were fed normal diet and administered DDW $1.0m{\ell}$ to rat during 7 weeks, control group were fed high fat diet and administered DDW $1.0m{\ell}$ during 7 weeks, sample A were fed high fat diet and administered ETG 500 mg/kg $1.0m{\ell}$ during 7 weeks, sample B were fed high fat diet and administered ETG 700 mg/kg $1.0m{\ell}$ during 7 weeks. Results & Conclusions : 1. Sample A and Sample B significantly decreased body weight, serum LDL-cholesterol level, serum free fatty acid level, serum total lipid level, serum phospholipid level and serum leptin level in comparison with control group. 2. Sample B significantly decreased serum total cholesterol level and serum triglyceride level in comparison with control group. 3. Sample B significantly increased serum HDL-cholesterol level in comparison with control group. According to above results, the author suggested that ETG was able to be used for the herbal medication of obesity. 4. ETG significantly increased rCBF, and increased CMF in a dose-dependent. 5. ETG significantly decreased MABP in a dose-dependent. 6. rCBF was significantly and stably increased by ETG(10 mg/kg, i.p.) during the period of cerebral reperfusion, which contrasted with the findings of rapid and marked increase in control group. This results were suggested that ETG significantly increased rCBF by dilating arterial diameter and activating serum leptin level. So that, the present author thought that ETG had an effects of obesity and complication coming from obesity(ischemic cerebral and cardiac disease).