• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2000.05a
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• pp.455-459
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• 2000

신경의 기본단위인 뉴런을 계층 구조형태로 연결하여 자극에 대한 각 뉴런의 신경전달 메카니즘을 분석하고 Na 이온의 값을 변형시켜 활성전위에 미치는 영향을 LINUX를 기초로 한 GENESIS를 이용하여 시뮬레이션을 해 보았다. 뉴런은 미세한 자극뿐만 아니라 이온농도의 변화로 인한 매우 민감하게 반응함으로 신경의 활성전위와 인체를 구성하는 모든 세포에서의 이온농도의 중요성을 간과해서는 안 된다. 본 연구에서는 신경세포를 전기회로 적인 모텔을 기준으로 설계하였으며, 농도의 변화에 의해 활성전위 전달에 큰 변화를 일으켰다. 과대한 농도 변화는 신경에서의 과도한 활성전위와 매우 낮은 전위가 발생함을 알 수 있었다. 이로 인해 인체에 미치는 영향은 신체의 어느 부분이냐에 따라 다르겠지만 뇌에서의 열, 뇌 세포 손상, 근육마비, 심장마비 등의 이상 현상을 추정할 수 있을 것이다.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.91-96
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• 2001

This paper describes the effect of an overhead ground wire in Power distribution lines of electric railways due to direct lightning strokes. Using the EMTP, the effects of an overhead ground wire and a s-horn are analyzed quantitatively. Also, the influences of the structure of electric railways and of peak value and time-to-half value of a stroke currents are evaluated. The analysis show that in installation of in overhead ground wire into a existing railway system, the induced voltage in power distribution lines of electric railways in suppressed.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.60-66
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• 2000

Objectives: The Psychopathology of schizophrenia was expected to be related with focal dysfunction of brain while schizophrenia is recognized and studied as the brain disease. Authors studied correlation between neuropsychological tests and delusion which is representative symptom of schizophrenia in patients with head trauma and psychiatric patients in order to explore the functional localization of brain in delusional symptom. Methods: Halstead Reitan Neuropsychological Test Battery and Korean Weschler Intelligent Scale and Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory(MMPI) were administered to one hundred ninteen patients consisted of sixty nine psychiatric patients and fifty patients with brain damage. We tested correlation between results of neuropsychological tests and delusional scale made from twenty four items related with delusion in MMPI. T-test between eighteen higher delusion scorers and twenty one lower scorers was examed in psychiatric group. Results: In brain damage group, signigicant correlations were found in the tests related with function of frontal lobe such as category test, trail making AB test, tactual performance test, digit symbol test and fingertip number writing test, and significant correlations were also noted in the tests related with function of left temporal and parietal lobes such as information, comprehension, vocabulary, similarities and speech sound perception test. The tests related with the function of right hemisphere such as tactual performance test location, picture completion and performance, and the tests related with subcortical function such as arithmetic, digit span, attention, digit symbol test, digit symbol and trail making AB test were signigicantly corelated with delusional scale too. In psychiatric group there were significant difference of delusional score in the tests related with function of left hemisphere such as vocabulary, vocable IQ, comprehension and language, and in the tests related with subcortical function such as N 120 voltage, digit symbol and arithmetic. Conclusions: Delusion seems to be related with function of frontal lobe, left hemisphere and subcortex in both groups. Right hemisphere may be also partially related with delusion.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.238-249
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• 1998

Purpose: To localize and compare the neural basis of verbal and visual human working memory, we performed functional activation study using $H_2^{15}O$ PET. Materials and Methods: Repeated $H_2^{15}O$ PET scans with one control and three different activation tasks were performed on six right-handed normal volunteers. Each activation task was composed of 13 match-ing trials. On each trial, four targets, a fixation dot and a probe were presented sequentially and subject's task was to press a response button to indicate whether or not the probe was one of the previous targets. Short meaningful Korean words, simple drawings and monochromic pictures of human faces were used as matching objects for verbal or visual memory. All the images were spatially normalized and the differences between control and activation states were statistically analyzed using SPM96. Results: Statistical analysis of verbal memory activation with short words showed activation in the left Broca's area, promoter cortex, cerebellum and right cingulate gyrus. In verbal memory with simple drawings, activation was shown in the larger regions including where activated with short words and left superior temporal cortex, basal ganglia, thalamus, prefrontal cortex, anterior portion of right superior temporal gyrus and right infero-lateral frontal cortex. On the other hand, the visual memory task activated predominantly right-sided structures, especially inferior frontal cortex, supplementary motor cortex and superior parietal cortex. Conclusion: The results are consistent with the hypothesis of the laterality and dissociation of the verbal and visual working memory from the invasive electrophysiological studies and emphasize the pivotal role of frontal cortex and cingulate gyrus in working memory system.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.53 no.7
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• pp.110-120
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• 2016

A power-efficient neuromodulator is needed for implantable systems. In spite of their stimulation signal's simplicity of wave shape and waiting time of MCU(micro controller unit) much longer than execution time, there is no consideration for low-power design. In this paper, we propose a novel of low-power algorithm based on the characteristics of stimulation signals. Then, we designed and implement a neuromodulation software that we call NMS(neuro modulation simulation). In order to implement low-power algorithm, first, we analyze running time of every function in existing NMS. Then, we calculate execution time and waiting time for these functions. Subsequently, we estimate the transition time between active mode (AM) and low-power mode (LPM). By using these results, we redesign the architecture of NMS in the proposed low-power algorithm: a stimulation signal divided into a number of segments by using characteristics of the signal from which AM or LPM segments are defined for determining the MCU power reduces to turn off or not. Our experimental results indicate that NMS with low-power algorithm reducing current consumption of MCU by 76.31 percent compared to NMS without low-power algorithm.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.575-583
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• 2022

Magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) has revealed the disruption of brain white matter microstructure in normal aging and alcoholism undetectable with conventional structural MR imaging. we plan to analyze the FA measurements of the ROI of dangerous drinkers selected from Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and Tract-Based Spatial Statics (TBSS) tool was used to extract FA values in the ROI from the image acquired through the pre-processing process. TBSS has a higher sensitivity of the FA value and MD value in the white matter than the brain gray matter, and has the advantage of quantitatively deriving the unlimited degree of brain nerve fibers, and more specialized in the brain white matter. We plan to analyze the fractional anisotropy (FA) measurement value for damage by selecting the center of the anatomical structure of the white matter region of the brain with high anisotropy among the brain neural networks that are particularly vulnerable to alcohol as the region of interest (ROI). In this study, we expected that alcohol causes damage to the brain white matter microstructure from FA value in various areas including both Choroid plexus. Especially, In the case of the moderate drunker, the mean value of FA in Lt, Rt. Choroid plexus was 0.2831 and 0.2872, whereas, in the case of the severe drunker, the mean value of FA was 0.1972 and 0.1936. We found that the higher the score on the AUDIT scale, the lower the FA value in ROI region of the brain white matter. Using the AUDIT scale, the guideline for the FA value of DTI can be presented, and it is possible to select a significant number of potentially severe drinkers. In other words, AUDIT was proved as useful tool in screening and discrimination of severe drunker through DTI.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.197-206
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• 2009

The medical information system is an effective medical diagnosis assistance system which offers an environment in which medial images and diagnosis information can be shared. However, this system can only stored and transmitted information without other functions. To resolve this problem and to enhance the efficiency of diagnostic activities, a medical image classification and retrieval system is necessary. The medical image classification and retrieval system can improve efficiency in a medical diagnosis by providing disease-related images and can be useful in various medical practices by checking diverse cases. However, it is difficult to understand the meanings contained in images because the existing image classification and retrieval system has handled superficial information only. Therefore, a medical image classification system which can classify medical images by analyzing the relation among the elements of the image as well as the superficial information has been required. In this paper, we propose the method for learning and classification of brain MRI, in which the superficial information as well as the spatial information extracted from images are used. The superficial information of images, which is color, shape, etc., is called low-level image information and the logical information of the image is called high-level image information. In extracting both low-level and high-level image information in this paper, the anatomical names and structure of the brain have been used. The low-level information is used to give an anatomical name in brain images and the high-level image information is extracted by analyzing the relation among the anatomical parts. Each information is used in learning and classification. In an experiment, the MRI of the brain including disease have been used.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.225-237
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• 1998

Purpose: We investigated the statistical methods to compose the functional brain map of human working memory and the principal factors that have an effect on the methods for localization. Materials and Methods: Repeated PET scans with successive four tasks, which consist of one control and three different activation tasks, were performed on six right-handed normal volunteers for 2 minutes after bolus injections of 925 MBq $H_2^{15}O$ at the intervals of 30 minutes. Image data were analyzed using SPM96 (Statistical Parametric Mapping) implemented with Matlab (Mathworks Inc., U.S.A.). Images from the same subject were spatially registered and were normalized using linear and nonlinear transformation methods. Significant difference between control and each activation state was estimated at every voxel based on the general linear model. Differences of global counts were removed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with global activity as covariate. Using the mean and variance for each condition which was adjusted using ANCOVA, t-statistics was performed on every voxel To interpret the results more easily, t-values were transformed to the standard Gaussian distribution (Z-score). Results: All the subjects carried out the activation and control tests successfully. Average rate of correct answers was 95%. The numbers of activated blobs were 4 for verbal memory I, 9 for verbal memory II, 9 for visual memory, and 6 for conjunctive activation of these three tasks. The verbal working memory activates predominantly left-sided structures, and the visual memory activates the right hemisphere. Conclusion: We conclude that rCBF PET imaging and statistical parametric mapping method were useful in the localization of the brain regions for verbal and visual working memory.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.173-180
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• 2001

스트레스가 질병 및 동통과 밀접하게 관련되어 있다는 것은 주지의 사실이며, 정서적으로 중요한 구강안면영역에는 측두하악관절장애증, 구강작열감증후군 등의 다양한 스트레스성 질환이 존재하는데, 이들의 병리학적 기전에 대해서는 아직도 논란의 여지가 있다. 그리고 중추신경계인 뇌는 스트레스 반응 및 동통 신호의 전달과 조절 등에서 중요한 역할을 하는 부분이다. 이에 저자는 스트레스와 신경과의 병리적관계를 조직학적으로 밝히고자 구속스트레스하의 백서 뇌조직을 채취하여 전자현미경으로 세포변화를 관찰하였다. 생후 8주된 Sprague-Dawley계 웅성 백서 (322-367 g/bw)를 대조군으로 3마리, 실험군으로 15마리를 배정하였다. 실험군은 구속스트레스를 실험 전기간에 걸쳐 부여하였다. 모든 실험동물의 뇌간을 적출하여, 전자현미경으로 조직변화를 관찰하였으며, 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 정상 대조군에서는 정상적인 형태의 수상돌기 및 세포체가 관찰되었다. 2. 구속스트레스군의 5일군과 7일군에서 작은 크기의 사립체가 다수 출현하였다. 3. 구속스트레스 3일군부터 핵주위의 공포화(vacuolization)로 핵과 세포질이 이개되었으며, 7일군에서는 이러한 핵주위의 변성이 현저하였다. 구속스트레스 부여 후 뇌세포의 미세구조를 관찰한 결과, 세포내 미세구조 및 세포간극의 변화가 있었던 것은 스트레스에 의해 신경세포가 변성될 수 있다는 것을 의미하는 것으로, 이는 스트레스와 관련된 구강안면동통 등의 질병 기전을 밝히는데 도움이 되리라 사료되며, 향후 이에 대한 추가적인 조직학적, 분자생물학적인 연구가 필요하리라 생각된다.

• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.64
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• pp.145-171
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• 2020

Christian communities have long sought to find what type of moral judgment is appropriate and what the Christian behavior is, by taking the church's ethical norms and behavior patterns as objects of reflection. In the same context, Christian education also tried to base the psychological rationalism of J. Piaget and L. Kohlberg, but the reason-centered structural development theory was not the answer. In fact, the structural development theory, which emphasized autonomy while excluding emotions from the moral judgment process, over-emphasizing cognition or reason, eventually led to moral relativism, unlike what was intended. In addition, it was criticized for not being able to adequately elucidate the gap between human moral reasoning and behavior, and for attempting to interpret morality excessively within the context of social culture. Recently, these limitations of structural developmental theory have been reinterpreted by neuroethics, especially moral psychology theories, which claim that moral judgment ability is physically wired in the brain and relies heavily on networks between cortical and limbic system. The purpose of this paper is to review some of the newly emerged research themes of neuroethics, and then to discuss two main theories that explain morality in the perspective of neuroethics and the implications that Christian education should pay attention to.