• KOMUNHWA
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• no.68
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• pp.59-75
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• 2006

At the beginning of the 21st century with taking a serious view of the harmony between human and nature, and of keeping an ecological balance, China has tried to reduce the gap in economy between rural districts and the urban city, and to carry out the policies for establishing a harmonious socialism through full-scale cooperation and continuous developments. And in order to preserve their traditional culture and to keep the historical legitimacy of People's Republic of China against urgent economical changes since the reform and openness, China has stressed the importance of training patriotic attitude on their cultural heritages. Thus the Chinese museums started to recognize more ad more the importance of social education as well as their functions of preserving the cultural property and of exhibiting it. And with them they have turned their attentions to an Ecomuseum, a new type of a museum. The ecomuseum in China was first established at a remote place between mountains where the ethnic minority inhabited. This was because of the feeling of some crises on culture native to the minority, followed by the process of China's Western Region Development. And it was recognized that they should participate actively in creating the cultural demand of the minority and in establishing a harmonious society with improving economic condition. Therefore in order to activate the ecomuseum it is localized and sinicized little by little through strengthening the management of cultural heritages of the minority.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.77-105
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• 1996

The rural problems which we are facing start from the extremely small sized population and the skewed population structure by age and sex. Thus we analyzed the change of the rural population. And we analyzed the recent return migration to the rural areas by comparing the recent in-migrants with out-migrants to rural areas. And by analyzing the rural village survey data which was to show the current characteristics of rural population, we found out the effects of the in-migrants to the rural areas and predicted the futures of rural villages by characteristics. The changes of rural population composition by age was very clear. As the out-migrants towards cities carried on, the population composition of young children aged 0~4 years was low and the aged became thick. The proportion of the population aged 0~4 years was 45.1% of the total population in 1970 and dropped down to 20.4% in 1995, which is predicted to become under 20% from now on. In the same period(1970~1995), the population aged 65 years and over rose from 4.2% to 11.9%. In 1960, before industrialization, the proportion of the population aged 0~4 years in rural areas was higher than that of cities. As the rural young population continuously moves to cities it became lower than that in urban areas from 1975 and the gap grew till 1990. But the proportion of rural population aged 0~4 years in 1995 became 6.2% and the gap reduced. We can say this is the change of the characteristics of in-migrants and out-migrants in the rural areas. Also considering the composition of the population by age group moving from urban to rural area in the late 1980s, 51.8% of the total migrants concentrates upon age group of 20~34 years and these people's educational level was higher than that of out-migrants to urban areas. This fact predicted the changes of the rural population, and the results will turn out as a change in the rural society. However, after comparing the population structure between the pure rural village of Boeun-gun and suburban village of Paju-gun which was agriculture centered village but recently changed rapidly, the recent change of the rural population structure which the in-migrants to rural areas becomes younger is just a phenomenon in the suburban rural areas, not the change of the total rural areas in general. From the characteristics of the population structure of rural village from the field survey on these villages, we can see that in the pure rural villages without any effects from cities the regidents are highly aged, while industrialization and urbanization are making a progress in suburban villages. Therefore, the recent partial change of the rural population structure and the change of characteristics of the in-migrants toward rural areas is effecting and being effected by the population change of areas like suburban rural villages. Although there are return migrants to rural areas to change their jobs into agriculture, this is too minor to appear as a statistic effect.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.535-554
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• 2013

This study was to investigate the characteristics and management condition of the Singeum village's Dangsan forest, and to seek the revitalization of rural village by improving management scheme. The Dangsan forest in Singeum-ri, Goheung-gun was composed of a Dangsan forest and a Bibo forest. The Dangsan forest was designated as natural monument # 362, and named 'Evergreen forest of Bongnae-myeon, Goheung'. The Dangsan forest area has been disturbed by the building of student training center. Even the local resident couldn't enter the forest due to the fence at the forest boundary except for Dangsan ritual which used to be serviced once a year. The Bibo forest was included in a beach area, and disturbed by lack of management. The Dangsan forest did not stay in good condition with various problems, such as wrong naming as a natural monument and misuse. The driving force of the Dangsan forest maintaining the beauty for several hundred years originated from the conservation of the forest with Dangsan ritual by local residents. Today, the Dangsan forest is in danger of being vanished and not regarded any more as a holy place due to inaccessibility for Dangsan ritual. The Dangsan forest in Singeum village needs to enhance its value as a traditional and cultural landscape, and improving the management scheme will contribute to revitalization of the village.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.85-95
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• 2022

This study is about the story of 'Saemi', existing in the Sacheon Alluvial fan area. Saemi is a local word for Dumbeong, which is the traditional water irrigation facilities in this area that could be formed according to the geographical characteristics of a Alluvial fan site. In the meantime, although Saemi has been an important source of water, related research has been mainly done from an ecological point of view. Accordingly, the researcher paid attention to the functional aspects of Saemi itself, grasped its location, distribution status, and usage including the construction method, and considered its intrinsic value through classification and characteristic analysis of Saemi. As a result of five field surveys from September 2021 to October 2022, 129 Saemies remained in the Sacheon alluvial fan area. According to the structure and shape, Saemi could be divided into basic type, complex type, and buried type. The basic type was subdivided into bucket-type and stairs-type along with the complex type, and the buried type was subdivided into all buried-type and some buried-type. Saemies were mainly distributed at the distal end of the Sacheon alluvial fan site, individual Saemies were built on farmland, and common Saemies were usually built along roadsides adjacent to villages. The reason why the Saemies are concentrated at the distal end is the geographical characteristics of the alluvial fan where the water underflows. Saemi was an important multifunctional water supply source equivalent to the main water source for people at the distal end of the pond who did not receive a stable supply of water from the reservoir. Saemi was at the center of the underground water irrigation network agricultural system in the Sacheon alluvial fan area according to the principles of 'bbaeim(drop out)' and 'gaepim(pooling)' It has provided a foundation for establishing itself as an appropriate technology in this area. Such Saemi contributed to the rural landscape and agricultural biodiversity through its own system and served as a public interest function. It is necessary to know, conserve, manage, and continuously utilize the value of this Saemi as an agricultural heritage.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.165-176
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• 2010

Objectives: This study is to identify the effect of detraining on lipoprotein and body composition after 8 week calorie restriction and different level of aerobic exercise among obese middle-aged women. Methods: The 30 middle-aged women whose body fat were over 30% were randomly allocated into three groups of control, exercise group of 40% $VO_2$max level, and exercise group of 60% $VO_2$max level. All the participants were taught to record their calorie intake and restrict daily 500kcal intake. After eight-week exercise and daily 500kcal restriction, their body compositions and blood lipid levels were measured again. Results: The weight, BMI, body fat, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and LDL-cholesterol levels showed significant decreases after eight-week exercise and calorie restriction in the two exercise groups. However, detraining tended to increase them again after detraining of 4 weeks, and even more after 8 weeks. Conclusions: Detrainging after calorie restriction and exercise tended to increase levels of indices for body composition and lipoprotein among obese middle-aged women.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.14-24
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• 2013

Objectives: Pregnant women in rural areas do not have access to sufficient obstetric services in their own communities due to the shortage of obstetricians. Therefore, most of these women must seek obstetrician outside of their communities. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between obstetric complications and accessibility to local obstetric care in Korea. Methods: This study was an ecological study in which the unit of analysis was an administrative district. Using Korea National Health Insurance Corporation data, the total number of deliveries and the delivery proportion within and outside of the community from 2001 to 2008 were calculated for 232 administrative districts nationwide. Three outflow levels were categorized based on each district's out-of-community delivery proportion: high outflow (upper one third), moderate outflow (middle one third), and low outflow (lower one third). In addition, three obstetric complication rates (the rate of complications following abortion, ectopic and molar pregnancy, the abortion rate, and the eclampsia rate) were calculated for the 232 districts. One-way ANOVA and multivariate linear regression were used to evaluate obstetric complications among the three outflow levels. Results: The high outflow districts had higher rates of eclampsia and complications following abortion, ectopic, and molar pregnancy compared to the other districts (ANOVA, p<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the abortion rate among the three groups. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that high outflow districts were statistically significant in the rate of complications following abortion, ectopic and molar pregnancy and eclampsia rate after adjusting for local tax per capita (p<0.01). Conclusion: These results indicate that poor access to local obstetric care correlate with poor obstetric outcomes (delayed or excessive bleeding, embolism, genital tract or pelvic infection, shock or other complications following abortion and ectopic or molar pregnancy, or eclampsia).

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.1737-1746
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• 2013

The Purpose of this study was to conduct the effects of the 12-weeks health education and exercise programs on body compositions, bone density, and blood lipid, and health behavior among middle-aged and aged women in rural areas. The number of participants was 33 women at the age of 40-75 from March 5 to May 31 in 2012. For statistical analysis, descriptive statistics, paired t-test and ANCOVA were used with SPSS WIN 12.0. The results were summarized as followings. First, body weight, BMI and % body fat decreased significantly. Second, serum total cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL-cholesterol level decreased significantly. Third, Bone density increased significantly. Forth, Health behavior and attitude were significant factors in exercise, alcohol and smoking. Therefore, it is necessary to provide individual programs of intensive aerobic and muscle exercise over 3 months and the community will have to provide systematic management.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.89-99
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• 2014

The purpose of this research is first, to define what measurement items in terms of subjective consideration and preference can be used to assess the landscape values of agriculture and fisheries heritage, and second, to understand the perceptive patterns particularly how landscape experts weigh up the importance of the each measurement item. In order to extract the measurement items, extensive literature review was performed including research documents as well as domestic and international policy reports. A survey targeting the experts was conducted to ask their opinions on the importance of the selected items. For the analysis, SPSS 20.0 for Windows was used to carry out reliability analysis, descriptive statistics such as arithmetic mean and frequency distribution, factor analysis, and multiple linear regression modeling. The results are: the importance value of the landscape values in agriculture and fisheries heritage was 4.1494; the ratio value that the experts perceived the importance was 87.2%; and the average of the importance value of the analyzed items was 3.71. All the items have more than 3.00. Ten factor groups were summarized and defined whose total explanation power was 67.86%. The factor groups were named as lyricism, authenticity, environmentally-friendliness, durability, recognizability, regionality, visibility, value of sightseeing, social image, and universality. The factors influencing the landscape values are, in order of importance, recognizability, authenticity, visibility, universality, durability, and nativeness. According to the analysis, however, environmentally-friendliness, regionality, value of sightseeing, and social image were not as important.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.41-52
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to identify the conflict between residents and governments in partnership arising from the designation of National Important Agricultural Heritage for Damyang Samdari village and to suggest directions for improvement. To this end, residents of Samdari Village in Damyang, designated as an important national agricultural heritage, were interviewed. Interviews were analyzed through grounded theory, categorized into open coding, axial coding, and selective coding, and a paradigm model was constructed. Through this, the central phenomena of resident participation patterns currently appearing in the village were identified, and causal, contextual, and intervening conditions were analyzed. Causal conditions were analyzed as one-sided administrative treatment, assortment matching project, one-time plan, excessive dependence of residents and economic damages of residents at the beginning of the designation of national important agricultural heritage. As a result, conflict between residents and local governments occurred as a central phenomenon, and contextual conditions such as decline in the competitive of bamboo resources and frequent change in managers were also affecting the central phenomenon. As intervening conditions to alleviate the central phenomenon, there are local government's purchase of bamboo fields and fragmentary business effects. The action taken by the residents and officials in response to a fixed conflict is called an action-interaction strategy. Residents refused to change and settled in reality, and local governments avoided conflict. From the beginning of the designation to the present, the villagers gradually lost interest in the National Important Agricultural Heritage due to problems and conflicts that occurred in the process of forming a partnership in the National Important Agricultural Heritage project. Based on the analyzed model, a plan to build the partnership standards on Damyang bamboo field to secure the sustainability of the field and increase the practicality of resident participation, that is partnership, was suggested.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.133-139
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• 2022

This study deals with the formation of Jongyeonbangjeok's Gwangju Factory in the 1930's to 80's, and the findings are shown below: In the period of formation, the factory was rectangular-shaped from north to south, and the structure was located at the center of the site, and in the east of it, there was a dormitory connected from south to north. The building was arranged with an open area on the south. In the east of the site where company houses were located, same-sized structures were arranged along the axis.In the period of change, the factory was restored about the damage from the Korean War, and it went through the process of division into two companies. As a result, the factory in the center of the site was divided into left and right ones, and the dormitory and the group of company houses were, too, divided into two, so division was made largely into southern and northern parts. In the period of stabilization, along with factory extension in each of the companies, welfare for factory workers was expanded by building more houses or opening sport facilities. After the 1980's, too, the existing factories were either extended or remodeled according to the induction of equipment, and some showed changes in their functions due to a fire or such.