• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.471-479
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• 2009

This study was performed to improve the analytical methods and re-establish the regulatory standard of PCBs-containing solid wastes for sufficient management in which has been concerned internationally. To do this, the sampling, pre-treatment and quantification methods which were used in USA and Japan were discussed. It was thought properly that new standard of PCBs-containing solid wastes was established through correlation with PCBs concentration of transformer oil. The surface wipe sampling was selected in the nonporous materials and cutting sampling in the porous materials. In the absence of transformer oils, electrical equipment is PCB-contaminated if it has PCBs at ${\geq}0.4{\mu}g/100cm^2$ as measured by a wipe test of a nonporous surface and if it has at 0.04 mg/L as measured by cutting test of a porous material. Also, new analytical methods for PCBs containing solid waste were proposed.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.33 no.1 s.94
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• pp.30-35
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• 2007

Waste policies with waste metering system and recycling in 1995 have contributed to the reduction of solid waste generation. Now rural areas as well as urban areas produce less amount of solid wastes in terms of per capita. However most policies in relation to waste issue have been concentrated in urban areas. Large portion of agricultural waste in rural region are being illegally treated such as open incineration or burned out on the road. In this study, we assessed the atmospheric air quality and health risk by illegal open incineration in rural region. In case of benzene level, worst concentration during illegal open incineration was 0.23 ppm and cancer risk by exposure was estimated to $2.29{\times}10^{-3}$.

• KOREAN POULTRY JOURNAL
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• v.37 no.10 s.432
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• pp.77-79
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• 2005

최근 우리나라도 전업축산농가의 양계사육 규모가 확대되면서 이에 수반되는 양계장 주변의 악취, 수질 오염 등의 환경문제가 심각하게 대두되고 있다. 축산경영의 건전한 발전을 위해서도 이 문제의 해결은 시급한 과제이며 특히 경영주의 환경의식과 의지가 문제해결의 시발점임을 인식해야 한다. 물론 양계장에서 환경친화적으로 계분을 처리한다는 것은 그리 용이한 일은 아니다. 특히 산란계 사육농가의 계분은 끈적끈적한 오물감과 냄새로 취급하기가 쉽지 않다. 그 원인은 수분 함유량이 높고 역분해성 유기물(분해 용이한 유기물)이 부패되면서 악취와 해충을 발생시키기 때문이다. 현재 계분처리방법은 여러 가지가 있으나 첫째, 지구환경에 친화적인 처리방법으로는 유기성 폐기물인 계분의 재활용에 있다고 생각한다. 현재와 같이 지구환경의 밸런스가 망가지는 상황은 사람들이 다량의 소비만 일삼고 환경 리싸이클에 관심이 덜한데 있다고 본다. 자원 순환형 사회에서 계분의 퇴비화로 가축분뇨를 유통 · 활용하는 일은 유기성 자원의 리사이클에 공헌하는 의미가 크다고 본다. 또한 우리나라의 축산업이 환경 보전형 농업을 실현하는데 보탬이 되는 양질의 퇴비를 대량 생산하여 경작농가에 공급, 유기질 농산물 생산에 많이 기여하길 바란다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.31 no.7
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• pp.565-572
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• 2009

Greenhouse gas(GHG) inventories and basic strategies for Jeonbuk regional government were established to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The method to construct GHG inventories of Jeonbuk followed the 'Revised IPCC 1996 Guidelines'which was used for the 'Third National Communication of the Republic of Korea under UNFCCC'. Korean government could use primary energy consumption for the energy industries section in the national GHG inventories. However, regional governments should use secondary energy consumption (included electricity consumption) for the energy industries section for their GHG inventories because they could not control the emission of energy transformation section. In the result of Jeonbuk GHG inventories in 2006, carbon dioxide($CO_2$) emissions from fuel combustion covered 87.1% of total emissions. Methane($CH_4$), carbon dioxide($CO_2$) from other sections, nitrous oxide($N_2O$) and F-gas(HFCs, PFCs, $SF_6$) accounted for 8.1, 2.2, 1.6 and 1.0% of total emissions, respectively. The sectional emission decreased in the order of the energy(88.0%), agriculture(7.6%), waste(2.3%) and industrial processes(2.1%) section. The energy industries section that contained electricity consumption was the most dominant emission source in the energy section. F-gas consumption, rice cultivation and waste incineration were main emission sources in the industrial processes, agriculture and waste section, respectively. In this study, basic directions of each section were established by the results of Jeonbuk GHG inventories in 2006.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.379-384
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• 2009

This study was carried out to understand the national and regional distribution of the biomass resources produced in Korea annually via establishing database (DB) and distribution maps of biomass resources data including as livestock manures, food wastes and agricultural by-product. The information of the annual production of each biomass resources was obtained from Ministry for Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MIFAFF), Ministry of Environment (MOE) and National Statistical Office (NSO). Based on biomass resources data, we established database architecture table about livestock manures and food wastes. The distribution maps for the total amount of manures produced from each livestock animal were built up in both national and regional scales and used for analysis of the space-based and time-based distribution of the manure resources. Distribution maps for food wastes and agricultural by-product were also produced, respectively. It was shown that the analysis through resource mapping can be used to identify the sources of collectable biomass feasibly determining suitable region for establishment of a biomass-energy production. The biomass distribution maps graphically provide the information regarding biomass resources to policy-makers, farmers, general users and it was expected to be utilized for policy-making of environmental-friendly agriculture and bio-energy.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.69-77
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• 2011

While increased use of energy and fossil fuel in the recent years could worsen air quality and climate change, only few studies have been conducted on estimation of greenhouse gas emissions and characterization of emission types by sectors and regions in Korea. In this study, greenhouse gases emissions based on resions(Si, Gun, Gu) and emitted sectors(industry, transport, cemmercial and institutional, residential, waste, agriculture, others) were investigated using GHG-CAPSS(Greenhouse GasClean Air Policy Support System) developed to support to national and regional greenhouse gases reduction strategies. GHG-CAPSS follows IPCC(Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) Guideline methodology to categorize the emission sources and estimation of greenhouse gases using bottom-up approach. Estimated total greenhouse gases emissions were 588,011 thousand tons as $CO_2$ equivalent. Industry(50.1%) sector exhibited the highest portion followed by transport(17.6%), commercial and institutional(12.6%), residential(12.6%), waste(2.6%), agriculture(2.5%). Based on regional estimation, Gyeonggi(14.9%) demonstrated the highest emitted greenhouse gases among big cities followed by Jeonnam(12.4%), Gyeongbuk(11.0%), Ulsan(9.2%) and Seoul(8.9%).

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.85-91
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• 2002

To investigate the agricultural material application possibility of the compost made by the fermenting tank. We evaluate the stability fertility of the compost In evaluation of the stability of the compost, In germination index of test, germination test of lettuce of little resistibility not germinated wholly, in the radish of resistibility, both Shinco and TM-101 is showed 61%, 55% of germination rate, length of root not showed wholly. In stability fertility of the compost, early growth of radish in a little treatment applied was superior to other treatments except for TM-101 treatment, but the latter growth of those was showed opposite result. In evaluation of the fertility of compost, Primary growth of lettuce was superior in treatment applied 1.5t/10a, the latter growth of those was superior in treatment applied 3t/10a.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.194-201
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• 2007

HHV (Higher Heating Value) of biomass fuel is calculated by using ultimate analysis data and has been proposed by using correlation equation, and compared with the experiment the adequacy about each correlation equation with measured HHV and examined. Samples used for experiment are prepared by mixing biomass (i.e. rice husk and sawdust) with organic waste (i.e. polystyrene polypropylene and waste paper) of 10, 30, 50 wt% of composition. Ultimate analysis and measurement of HHV are respectively measured by using KS standard method. The average error value of estimated HHV results is about 880 kJ/kg(about 3.8% of measured HHV). The corresponding correlation coefficients ($R^2$) of experimental result and estimated HHV result are $0.957{\sim}0.996$.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.125-135
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• 1996

A study was made to investigate the possibility of treating various organic waste of cattle manure, swine manure, goat manure, apple pomace, chinese medicine residue and coffee less by feeding these to earthworms and then by studying the growth and reproductive efficiency of earthworms, and the chemical composition of worm cast and its production. The results are summarized as follows. 1. When the feed for earthworms were in good condition which were cattle manure, swine manure and apple pomace, the reproductive efficiency of earthworms was improved however in worse condition the feed of which were goat manure and chinese medicine residue, the increasing rate(IR) became faster. 2. Despite the high content of organic matter(OM) in coffee lees, the earthworms fed coffee lees showed significantly lower reproductive efficiency and increasing rate(IR) than those fed other organic waste due mainly to its lower pH and lower total nitrogen(TN) content. Therefore, when coffee lees is considered to be fed to earthworms, it is believed necessary to be mixed with addiveves or other organic waste in order to improve the feed condition. 3. pH in swine manure, goat manure, apple pomace, chinese medicine residue and coffee lees became neutralized by being fed by earthworms. 4. Available P2O5 and exchangeable cation(EC) of earthworm cast were a little increased compared to those of feed. The contents of Mn, Fe and Cu in earthworm cast were a little decreased to compared to those of feed. 5. The contents of Mn, Fe and Cu in earthworm cast were a little a decreased to compared to those of feed. 6. Mean fresh weight of earthworm at final time(FW2) was negatively correlated with number of young worms(NY)(P<0.01), but positively with increasing rate(IR) (P<0.001) and C/N ratio(P<0.05) respectively. Number of cocoons (NC) and fresh weight of cocoons(WC) were positively(P<0.01) correlated with fresh weight of young worms (WY) and digested matter(DI) but negatively(P<0.001) correlated with residual matter(WY) and digested matter(DI) but negatively(P<0.001) correlated with residual matter(RW). Number of young worms(NY) and fresh weigh of young worms(WY) were negatively(P<0.001) correlated with increasing rate(IR), however increasing rate(IR) of earthworm was positively(P<0.05) correlatedd with C/N ratio.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.177-181
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• 2015

Food waste has been widely considered as a recycling resource to be applied to agricultural lands due to the effects of organic matter and nutrient for plant productivity. but the maturity and salt concentration in the compost produced from food waste processing facilities should be considered firstly, which was little information on compost quality produced from food waste treatment facility. In this study, we examined actual situation of food waste processing facility on the composting of food waste and evaluated the characteristics of composts produced from food waste processing facilities. The quality of composts was analyzed on the basis of the criteria of fertilizer processing manual. The 46% of food waste treatment facility registered composting produced actually the compost mixed with food waste or animal waste. The compost maturity and salt concentration as indicators of the quality of compost were not met 46.8% of composts collected from food waste processing facilities to the criteria of fertilizer processing manual. Also, 15.6%(moisture) were not satisfied with the criteria. In conclusion, the compost produced from food waste processing facilities is firstly required with better compost maturity and reduced salt concentration in order to use to agricultural lands as an amendment.