• Agrochemical news magazine
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• v.24 no.8 s.191
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• pp.6-9
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• 2003

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.349-354
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• 1999

This study was conducted to propose residue limits of organophosphorus pesticides in functional foods produced from peels of citrus fruits. For these, not only reduction factors of pesticides in cooking and processing were estimated, but factors needed in order to produce residue limits were identified and their application method was devised. The results were as follows: (1) reduction factors appeared as 0.09-1.60 by different processings of various foods, (2) residue limits of pesticides on dietary fiber and bioflavonoid products could be computed from maximum residue limit of pesticides on the raw agricultural produce, reduction factors, and the anticipated amount of consumption of the functional foods. (3) residue limits of 18 organophosphorus pesticides were proposed in the range of 0.01-3.0mg/Kg on the dietary fiber product and 0.1-80mg/Kg on the bioflavonoid product from citrus fruit peels.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.336-341
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• 2014

In order to determine the residual characteristics of pesticides in fruits and their effects on human health, monitoring of pesticide residues were conducted in apples, peaches, pears, grapes and citrus from the major cultivation areas in 2010. Safeties of the pesticides detected from the fruits were evaluated using the amounts of pesticide residue detected and dietary risk index (DRI). Samples were taken from 4-5 major fruit cultivation areas and then pesticide residues in the test fruits were analyzed with a liquid chromatographymass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Mean residue levels of the pesticides in fruits were 0.001-0.144 mg/kg. The DRIs were 0.55 for apple, 0.066 for peach, 0.008 for pear, 0.025 for grape, and 0.37 for citrus, respectively. The results indicated that the amounts of pesticide residues in domestic fruits might be safe, considering the regulatory concerning level 1.0.

• 발명특허
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• v.30 no.7 s.349
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• pp.50-53
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• 2005

제 2차 세계대전이 끝난 후 전 세계의 인구는 경제발전과 함께 폭발적으로 증가하였고, 인류는 "식량증산"이라는 새로운 현실에 부딪히게 되었다. 그리고 1960년대 이후 현대농업에 있어서 화학기술의 발전으로 탄생한 현재의 농약은 획기적인 생산성 향상으로 식량의 자급자족과 소득증대를 가져오는데 일익을 담당한 필요불가결한 농자재가 되었다. 그러나 현재의 농약은 식량 생산증대에 큰 도움을 주었지만, 농작물에 잔류하는 농약의 잔류독성으로 인한 폐해로 인해 부정적인 측면도 함께 가지게 되었다. 잔류농약의 치명적 위협은 지금 전 세계를 혼란케 하는 발암물질인 다이옥신으로 인해 극명하게 밝혀진 바 있다. 내분비계 교란물질인 환경호르몬의 대표격인 다이옥신의 원인물질 67종 중 41종이 농약성분이기 때문이다.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.317-324
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• 2006

Pesticide residues were monitored in agricultural products purchased at Gyeongin and Jeolla-do provinces. Total 245 pesticides were analysed by GC-MS and LC-MS/MS, and residual pesticides were detected in 70 samples (19.7%), with spinach and chard showing high detection frequency of 35%. Fifteen samples (4.2%) exceeded Korea Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs), and 30 types of pesticides were detected in samples with azoxystrobin, procymidine, endosulfan showing considerably high frequencies in respectively 14, 13, and 13 samples. The amount of 11 pesticide including chlorpyrifos, indoxacarb among them were detected over Korea MRLs. No residual pesticides were detected in 285 (80.3%) samples, and residual pesticides levels of 55 samples (15.5%) were lower than Korea MRLs, indicating 95.8% samples were relatively safe.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.421-430
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• 2019

In this study, 195 pesticide residues in fruit samples (n=150) at local markets in Chungcheongnam-do Chungnam, Korea were monitored using a multi-residue method combined with GC-MS/MS and LCMS/MS. Among 150 fruit samples, 40 types of pesticides were detected in 63 samples and the detection rate was 42.0%. However, the amounts were below the maximum residue limit (MRL). Detection rates for pesticides in each thpe of fruit were as follows ; citrus fruits (55.2%), pome fruits (41.3%), berries (38.7%) and stone fruits (36.0%). Although the sample size was small (n=2), pesticide residues were not detected in tropical fruits. Occurrences of detection of pesticide residues in apple showed the highest level, and mainly, insecticides were detected most frequently. The most commonly detected pesticides residues were bifenthrin (21), pyraclostrobin (17), novaluron (13), boscalid (10), chlorfenapyr (9), trifloxystrobin (9), furathiocarb (9), acetamiprid (8) and chlorpyrifos (8). Five types of residual pesticides (bifenthrin, chlorfenapyr, deltamethrin, fenpropathrin and fenvalerate) were detected in quince, and out of these five, fenpropathrin exceeded the MRL based on the Positive List System (PLS). These results suggested that pesticide residues in fruit samples should be continuously monitored, although residue levels in 63 other fruit samples were evaluated as being within a safe level.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.61-68
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• 2014

Dissipation constants and half-lives of acaricides etoxazole and flufenoxuron in apples were calculated to establish their pre-harvest residue limits (PHRLs). The acaricides were sprayed on apples with single and triple doses based on safe use guidelines, and their residual patterns in the apple were interpreted using first order kinetics equation. The residual amounts of acaricides during the experimental period were below their maximum residue limits (MRL) for apple. The dissipation constants of acaricides in the apples were calculated at 0.0788 for etoxazole and 0.0319 for flufenoxuron corresponding to their biological half-lives; 8.8~21.7 days for etoxazole and 21.7~23.1 days for flufenoxuron. The PHRLs of acaricides in the apple showed the residual amounts of etoxazole and flufenoxuron at the harvesting date would be below their MRLs if their residual amounts were less than 0.87 and 0.88 mg/kg, respectively, at 7 days prior to harvesting the apples.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.404-412
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• 2010

This paper specifically discusses the risk assessment on the pesticide residues in vegetables collected from traditional markets, big marts and departments in the southern part of Seoul. Vegetable samples were 6,583 cases from January to December in 2009. Monte-Carlo simulation was used to calculate the uncertainty for the risk index using pesticide residues, average dietary intake for vegetables and acceptable daily intake. Deterministic risk indexes were 7.33% of diethofencarb, 5.13% of indoxacarb, 3.96% of EPN, 3.92% of diniconazole and 3.09% of chlorothalonil, respectively. And other pesticides were below 3%. Distributions of risk indexes obtained by the Monte-Carlo simulations were similar to the deterministic values, even though the confidence intervals for 95% were very wide. We confirmed that health risks caused by eating vegetables exceeded maximum residue limits of pesticide are very low and the population is generally safe, judging from the risk indexes located between 0.07 to 9.49%.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.303-307
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• 2010

The researches with pesticides in soil were divided several categories such as run off from soil surface, adsorption and desorption in soil, leaching through soil, degradation and decomposition studies, fates in soil, monitoring survey and development of analytical procedures and so on. In this paper it was reviewed that the research results published in Korean journals since 1996, in connection with the former review as 'Evaluation on the effects of pesticide residues to agroecosystem in Korea'.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.86-94
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• 2010

This study was conducted to monitor the current status of pesticide residues in agricultural products before auction at whole markets in Busan area from March 2006 to December 2008. Of the 7,237 samples that were analyzed by multiresidue methods, 1,164 samples (16.1%) had pesticide residues and 231 samples (3.2%) exceeded the maximum residue limits (MRLs). 181 samples of the 231 samples exceeding MRLs were applied to the tentative limits because the use of the pesticides for the agricultural products was not established against the MRLs in the Korea Food Code, and it is equivalent to 78.4%. The order of pesticides exceeding MRLs was endosulfan, procymidone, chlorothalonil, ethoprophos, chlorpyrifos, diethofencarb, kresoxim-methyl and EPN. Of 211 samples with two or more pesticides residues, the residues exceeded the MRLs in 80 samples and it is equivalent to 37.9%. This study results suggested that pesticide residues exceeding MRLs could be attributed to the use of inapplicable pesticides for agricultural products and the use of two or more pesticides.