• The Korean Publising Journal, Monthly
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• s.134
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• pp.4-5
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• 1993

"상록수"는 30년대 후반기부터 금지되어 지하화한 비제도권 농민운동의 상징으로 남았다. 8.15 이후에도 야학 등을 통한 비제도권의 농민운동이 성행했는데 좌우를 떠나서 그 형식에서는 "상록수"의 경향을 띠었다. 특히 산업사회로 치닫는 오늘에서도 이 작품은 여전히 농민운동의 핵으로 남아 재현되고 있으며 농민소설의 대명사로 불리고 있다.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.545-553
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• 2018

This study analyzes the animal symbolism shown in the novella by Hyoseok Lee and seeks to shed light on the consciousness of the author expressed through such symbolism. Lee used animal symbolism since 1933 which was a literary turning point for him. Animal symbolism in his novels are more than an analogical theme but is used as a core meaning and image. This has a clear intention of the author underneath. Novella which is seen as the starting point of pure literature for Lee, uses the animal pig as a key symbol. The pig serves as a symbol of the capital for poor farmers, while also serving as an amplifier for the desires of the protagonist. The death of the pig that appears at the closing of the novella stands for the tragic reality of the farmers of the time who could not seek growth in their capital or realization of their desires. As such, has characteristics of pure literature but also represents the consciousness of the author who brings attention to the tragic reality of farmers. That is, is a work that realized the unique writing style of Lee and his animal symbolism to bring to life a middle way appraoch to realism and romanticism.

• The Korean Publising Journal, Monthly
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• s.144
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• pp.2-3
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• 1994

올해는 갑오경장.청일전쟁.동학혁명의 백주년이다. 그중에서도 특히 동학혁명을 기념하는 문화적 행사들이 줄을 잇는다. 그것은 오늘날의 역사의식의 수준일 터이다. 햇수로 14년만에 완간된 송기숙씨의 장편소설 "녹두장군"(전12권)은 그 동학혁명 백주년의 문학적 기념비이다. 이 소설은 농민들이 역사의 바다에 이르는 과정을 총체적으로 그려낸다.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.101-141
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• 2014

Idealistic Rural Community Movement(Rural Utopia Movement) was one of the most powerful rural community movements in the world. Regardless of the East or the West, people started dreaming of happiness through idealization of rural communities as early as several centuries ago and have tried to implement this as a social movement to make the dream come true. Western rural utopia movement started when Thomas More published "Utopia" in England in 1516 and spread to many other countries in various forms. Chinese version of rural utopia was well portrayed in both "So Gook Gwa Min" (small population in a small country) written by Lao-tzu in the 6th century B.C. and "Arcadia" by Do, Yun-Myoung in the $4^{th}$ century. In Korea, the rural utopia people pursued was vividly described in the following three. First, Yul Do Gook portrayed in "Hong Gil Dong Jun" written by Hu Gyoon. Second, Gong Do portrayed in "Hu Sang Jun" written by Park Ji Won. Third, Sin Min Hwe's rural utopia movement made in the entire nation as well as Manchuria and America so as to save the country, which contributed to protecting the rural communities and arousing hopes in farmers by making a good model. This movement is especially important in that it became the foundation of modernization of Korea through Ga Na An(Canaan) Farmers' School and Sae Ma Ul Woon Dong(New village movement), which were heavily influenced by continued Sin Min Hwe's rural utopia movement.

• 기호학연구
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• no.56
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• pp.137-158
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• 2018

In 1999, the French semiotician Jacques Fontanille published his work on discourse semiotics as an attempt to overcome the limitations of structuralism. Discourse semiotics has expanded the realm of semiotics by taking a phenomenological approach that examines the structure of consciousness. Phenomenology pays special attention to the operation of human consciousness, which, instead of staying put, moves from one place to another-unbeknownst to its agent. This paper examines "Bulls" through a phenomenological approach as the short story depicts the stream of consciousness that unfolds within the inner world of Pau, the young male protagonist. The rhetorical approach to literary analysis works at the level of the speech act and directly relates to speech act theory. In rhetorics, figures and tropes are dominated by speech acts. Whereas conventional rhetorical analysis lacks a kinetic perspective as it revolves around flat semantic inspections, the discourse semiotics approach applied in this paper allows for an indepth multidimensional analysis where the analyses of ${\acute{e}}nonc{\acute{e}}$ and ${\acute{e}}nonciation$ complement each other. Presenting a peasant movement to the reader through the eyes of the young male protagonist Pau, "Bulls" is considered a significant literary feat in the history of Korea's New Literature as the work is highly regarded for its impressive depiction of a communal movement. This paper reinterprets and reevaluates the story under a new light, mainly through a rhetorical approach and a phenomenological approach that hinges on discourse semiotics.