• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.333-341
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• 2010

The aim of this study was to investigate the hypolgycemic activity of water extract of fermented yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) leaves tea (Yacon LWE) in high-fat diet (HFD)/streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. Male ICR mice were fed with a HFD (37% calories from fat) for 4 weeks prior to intraperitoneal injection with STZ (100 mg/kg body weight). Diabetic mice were supplemented with two doses of Yacon LWE (0.16% and 0.8%, wt/wt) for 6 weeks. The supplementation of high-dose Yacon LWE significantly lowered blood glucose levels and plasma ALT and AST activities compared with the control group. High-dose Yacon LWE also improved the insulin tolerance without any changes in plasma and pancreatic insulin concentrations in HFD/STZ-induced diabetic mice. Yacon LWE supplementation increased the insulin staining of pancreatic $\beta$-cells in a dose-dependent manner. Both 0.16% and 0.8% of Yacon LWE significantly elevated plasma leptin concentration, hepatic glucokinase activity and glucokinase/glucose-6-phosphatase ratio compared with the control group. However, glycosylated hemoglobin concentration was not different among the groups. These results suggest that high-dose Yacon LWE lowers the blood glucose level partly by enhancing insulin sensitivity and hepatic glucose metabolism in type 2 diabetic mice.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.808-813
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• 2002

This study investigated the effects of different kinds of dietary fibers, cellulose, psyllium husk, pectin and the Psyllium husk Plus Pectin, on the lipid concentration and hernobiochemical enzyme activity in male Sprague-Dawley rats. The experimental groups were divided into four groups : the cellulose group, the psyllium husk group, the pectin group and the psyllium husk Plus Pectin group. Dietary fiber was supplemented at 10% (w/w) levels in the diet. Body weight gain, food intake and relative tissue seight were not significantly different among the dietary groups. Concentrations of triglyceride and phospholipid of serum in the psyllium husk and the pectin groups were significantly lower than those of the cellulose and the psyllium husk plus pectin groups. Concentration of total cholesterol of serum in the psyllium husk plus pectin group was lower than other dietary groups. However, concentrations of triglyceride and phospholipid of liver in the psyllium husk and the pectin groups were significantly higher than those of the cellulose and the psyllium husk plus pectin groups. The hemobiochemical Parameters, total protein, albumin, glutamic pyruvic transaminase, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase and blood urea nitrogen in serum of the psyllium husk group were lower than other dietary groups. These results showed that dietary psyllium husk could have lowering effects on serum triglyceride concentration without any side effect of hemobiochemical enzyme activity in rats.

• Proceedings of the Membrane Society of Korea Conference
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• 1994.04a
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• pp.43-44
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• 1994

일반적으로 다공성막을 사이에 두고 막을 통한 물질전달이 일어날 때 물질전달 속도는 압력차 $\Delta P$, 유속 V, 농도차 $\Delta C$ 등의 함수로 알려져 있다. 따라서 이들 여러 변수들 중에서 어느 한가지 변수만을 독립시키고 다른 변수들을 일정하게 고정시키면, 그 특정 변수가 물질전달 속도 J에 미치는 영향을 관찰할 수 있게 된다. 본 실험에서도 물과 에탄올 양쪽상의 유입 농도를 일정하게 유지시킴으로써 그 영향을 배재하고 유속과 압력차를 각각 독립시켜 그 영향을 살펴보았다.

• Proceedings of the Membrane Society of Korea Conference
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• 1993.06a
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• pp.1-29
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• 1993

막 분리는 막의 물리화학적 특성, 분리대상 물질의 물리화학적 특성, 그리고 물질의 이동현상을 조절하는 압력차, 농도차 및 전위차 등의 추진력, 이 세가지 요소의 조합에 의해 행해진다. 막은 막을 구성하고 있는 물질의 물성, 구조, 막의 응용분야 및 역할 등에 의하여 세공막(Macroporous membranes), 미세공막(Microporous membranes), 비공성막(Nonporous membranes)등으로 분류된다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.123-124
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• 2000

대기 환경중 아황산가스, 먼지와 같은 1차오염물질은 배출량의 감소에 따라 대기중의 농도도 감소하는 반면 오존과 같은 2차오염물질은 점차 증가하는 추세로 대도시 지역의 지표면 오존농도가 환경기준을 초과하는 빈도가 점차 증가하고 있다. (백성옥, 2000) 특히 서울시의 경우는 오존주의보를 발령하는 고농도 오존농도 0.12ppm을 초과한 횟수는 오존주의보를 시행한 이래로 96년 11회, 97년 19회, 98년도 18회, 99년도16회 2000년도엔 22회로 증가하고 있는 추세이다. (중략)

• 전기의세계
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.13-17
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• 1978

물에 떨어진 한 방울의 짙은 잉크는 넓게 퍼져서 되돌아오지 않는 것과 같이 짙은 용질은 항상 기회만 있으면 엷게 될려고 한다. 이 기능은 물리학적인 포텐셜로 설명할 수 있으며 농도변화는 엔트러피의 변화와 더불어 발열, 흡열 및 기타 에너지의 출력을 동반하고 있다. 금번 동경공업대학의 일색상차박사는 농도변화에 따르는 에너지의 출입으로서 동력발생의 가능성이 있다는 것을 고찰하였다. 특히 농도가 짙은 중성감수용액은 증기를 흡수, 발열하면서 엷게 될 때의 열에너지로서 동역을 발생시키는 간단한 엔진시스팀에 성공하였는데 이것을 감수엔진차라고 명명하였다. 또한 이것을 각종 에너지나 폐열 등에 활용할 수 있는 에너지시스팀으로 제안하였다.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.357-365
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• 1994

The effects of garlic concentrations on the properties of squid sik-hae such as the chemical and microbial changes were investigated. pH, the amounts of lactic acid showed significant differences at early stages of fermentation and no significant differences at later stages with increasing garlic concentrations. The amount of TMAO decreased with increasing storage periods and garlic concentrations, whereas that of TMA increased significantly at early stages of fermentation and showed no significant differences with increasing garlic concentrations. At later stages of fermentation, the amount of TMA at $2\%$ garlic concentration was higher than those at 3 and $4\%$. The number of lactic acid bacteria increased significantly garlic concentrations at early stages of storage and had no significant differences at later stages. The numbers of proteolytic bacteria, psychrotroph, and fungi increased in proportion to length of storage and garlic concentrations at early stages of storage whereas, the number of bacteria decreased significantly at later stages of storage with increasing garlic concentrations.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.111-114
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• 2003

산소는 인간의 신체 및 정신 활동에 필수적인 물질이며, 특히 뇌 기능에 중요한 역할을 수행한다. 본 연구에서는 일반 공기 중의 산소 농도(21%) 환경에 비해 외부에서 고 농도(30%)의 산소 공급이 인지 능력 중 특히 공간 지각 능력에 어떠한 변화를 유발하는지 관찰하고자 한다. 8명의 남자 대학생(평균 23.5세)을 본 연구의 실험 참여자로 선정하였다. 21%와 30% 산소 농도를 각각 8L/min의 양으로 일정하게 공급할 수 있는 장치를 개발하여, 마스크를 통하여 실험 참여자에게 전달하였다. 공간 지각 능력 측정으로 위해 각각 20문항을 포함하는 두 개의 문제지를 제작하였고, 과제 수행 결과로부터 정답률과 평균 반응 시간을 산출하였다. 평균 정답률은 21%와 30% 산소 농도에서 각각 50.63 $\pm$ 8.63과 62.50 $\pm$ 9.64 이었고, 두 농도간의 통계적 유의차가 발생하였다. 평균 반응 시간의 21%와 30% 산소 농도에서 각각 6.60 $\pm$ 0.77〔sec〕이었고, 두 농도간의 통계적 유의차가 발생하지 않았다. 본 연구 결과로부터 외부에서의 고농도의 산소 공급이 공간 지각 능력 증가에 긍정적인 영향을 미친다는 결론을 도출할 수 있다.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.148-156
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• 1998

Diffusion dialysis is a membrane process driven by concentration difference using ion-exchange membranes and has been employed for many years for the acid recovery from acidic waste generated in steel, metal-refining and dectro-plating industries. Theoretically acid flux increases in propomon to the acid concentration difference. At acid concentrations higher than 3 N HCl, however, the acid flux had not increased linearly with the concentration difference. In this paper the effects of acid concentrations on diffusion dialysis for hydrochloric acid recovery and the acid transport mechanism in an anion exchange membrane were studied by membrane sorption tests and diffusion clialysis cell tests. The experimental results showed that the molecular diffusion was a major transport mechanism in a low acid concentration range and the proton leakage through an anion exchange membrane played an important role at higher acid concentrations. Also osmotic water transport and membrane dehydration retarded the transport of protons and caused the permeate flux to decrease.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.1094-1100
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• 1997

Effects of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) concentration, temperature and pH on oxidation mechanism of corn starch were investigated. The rate of oxidation was dependent on the concentration of hypochlorite, pH and temperature of oxidation. The reaction was either first or second order depending on the concentration of NaOCl. At oxidant concentration of $0.75{\sim}3.0%$ active Cl/g starch, the reaction was first-order and it was second-order at $3.75{\sim}4.5%$ active Cl/g starch. The first-order rate constants were increased with increasing oxidant concentration. The rate of oxidation of starch was highest at pH 7 and decreased with increasing acidity or alkalinity of the medium. As the reaction temperature increased, the rate of oxidation was increased.