• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.6-12
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• 2014

The survey of weed occurrence was conducted to identify problem weed species in the paddy field. The 320 sites of the 13 regions in Gyeongbuk Province were investigated from June to July, 2013. In the whole region, 51 weed species were identified including 34 annuals and 17 perennials. The highest importance value of annual weed and perennial was dominant 88.4 and 48.7%, in Gumi region, respectively. The most dominant weed species in paddy fields of Gyeongbuk Province were Monochoria vaginalis var. plantaginea (10.80%), followed by Lemna paucicostata (10.74%), Bidens tripartite (8.77%), Echinochloa oryzoides (7.17%), and Scirpus juncoides (6.20%). The similarity of paddy weeds in 13 regions observed through TWINSPAN analysis was distinguished by Ludwigia prostrata, Scirpus juncoides, Lindernia dubia, Polygonum aviculare, and Alopecurus aequalis var. amurensis. The weed species, Ludwigia prostrata, was divided into the four regions, Gyeongju, Gumi(direct seeding cultivation), Youngcheon and Euiseong and ten regions, Gumi, Bonghwa, Sanju, Goryung, Youngdeog, Pohang, Sanju, Andong, Yecheon, and Cheongdo.

• 농업기술회보
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.16-17
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• 2015

농사는 잡초와의 싸움이라고 하였다. 벼농사에서 파종, 육묘, 이앙 등의 재배과정은 기계화로 인해 투입 시간이 매년 절감되고 있으나 잡초 방제 투입 시간은 증가하고 있을 뿐만 아니라 제초제 사용 횟수도 증가하고 있다. 이러한 원인의 가장 큰 이유는 논에서 제초제 저항성 잡초들이 전국적으로 빠르게 확산하고 있기 때문이다. 제초제 저항성 잡초의 발생 원인과 잡초 제거 방법에 대해 알아본다.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.1-4
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• 2016

The Rural Development Administration of Korea conducted a series of surveys of paddy weeds from 1971 to 2013 in approximately 10-year cycles and the results have been used for the efficient weed management of paddy fields. In 1971, annual weeds such as Rotala indica, Eleocharis acicularis f. longiseta, and Monochoria vaginalis were dominant. In 1981, the population of Echinochloa species decreased whereas broadleaf weeds such as M. vaginalis, Sagittaria pygmaea, and S. trifolia were dominant. In 1991, perennial weeds such as Eleocharis kuroguwai, S. pygmaea, and S. trifolia were dominant over annual weeds. In 2000, M. vaginalis was the most abundant species, followed by E. kuroguwai, Echinochloa species, and S. trifolia. In 2013, herbicide-resistant Echinochloa species and M. vaginalis were most dominant, followed by E. kuroguwai, Scirpus juncoides, and S. trifolia. It has been predicted that the prevalence of Echinochloa species will continue to increase and that perennial weeds will be more abundant than annual ones in the near future. The occurrence of herbicide-resistant weeds and exotic weeds will also increase due to global warming and changes in agricultural patterns.

• Agrochemical news magazine
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• v.20 no.4 s.151
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• pp.25-29
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• 1999

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.352-357
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• 2013

A survey was performed to investigate major paddy field weeds and frequently used herbicides in Gyeonggi province, Korea in order to establish a system to efficiently control herbicide-resistant weeds. The dominant paddy field weeds included Echinochloa spp. (22%), Eleocharis kuroguwai (14%), Sagittaria trifolia (13%), Scirpus juncoides (12%), Monochoria vaginalis (9%) and Sagittaria pygmaea (7%), and the most widely used herbicides were butachlor 33% CS (25%), benzobicyclon + fentrazamide + imazosulfuron 11.5% SC (9%), cyclosulfamuron + mefenacet 22.2% SC (9%), butachlor 5% GR (6%), and oxadiazon 12% EC (6%) in Gyeonggi province, Korea. Many paddy rice growers considered S. juncoides, M. vaginalis, S. pygmaea and C. difformis as herbicide-resistant weeds. An extensive research deserves to be conducted to monitor occurrence of herbicideresistant paddy weeds in Gyeonggi province, Korea.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.247-255
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• 2016

This study was conducted to provide basic information for weed control by surveying the occurrence of weed species in turf sod production areas. Surveys of weed species occurred in turf sod production areas were conducted in Jangsung-gun, Jeonnam province from September 2014 to May 2016. Total 50 sites of turf sod production areas in two soil conditions were investigated. On the upland soil condition in turf sod production areas, 66 weed species in 27 families were identified and classified to 49 annuals and 17 perennials and on the paddy soil condition, 69 weed species in 22 families were identified and classified to 53 annuals and 16 perennials. Based on the importance values, the most dominant weed species on the upland soil condition in the first survey (September 2014) was Digitaria ciliaris (8.49%), followed by Erigeron annuus (7.94%) and Rorippa indica (6.56%). In the second survey (May 2016) was Oxalis corniculata (7.26%), followed by Capsella bursa-pastoris (6.21%) and Conyza canadensis (6.21%). Whereas the most dominant weed species on the paddy soil condition in the first survey (September 2014) was Erigeron annuus (9.52%), followed by Mazus pumilus (7.41%) and Cyperus iria (6.82%). In the second survey (May 2016) was Commelina communis (5.08%), followed by Alopecurus aequalis (5.08%) and Erigeron annuus (4.79%). This information could be useful for estimation of future weed occurrence and effective weed control methods in turf sod production areas in Jangsung-gun, Jeonnam Province.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.131-137
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• 2013

The study was carried out to obtain the basic information on distribution and occurrence of weeds including resistant weeds to sulfonylurea herbicides in paddy fields of Gyeongbuk province. In weed distribution on life cycle, annual weed was occupied by 91.8% and perennials were 8.2%, respectively. In morphological distribution of weeds, broad leaf weeds were 85.7%, sedges was 9.1%, and grass weed was 3.8%, respectively. Sulfonylurea-resistant weeds in paddy fields of twelve regions were widely occurred except for Yecheon region. The six sulfonylurea resistant biotypes occurred in paddy fields of Gyeongbuk province were Lindernia dubia, Eleocharis kuroguwai, Monochoria vaginalis and Ludwigia prostrata. It revealed that occurrence rate and area of sulfonylurea-resistant weeds were about 15.9 % and 22,420 ha in Gyeongbuk province.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.86-94
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• 2014

Survey was carried out in paddy fields to investigate the dominance of weed species and weed occurrence on 200 fields of southern Gyeonggi region in Korea during the year 2013. We observed 3 species of grass, 5 species of sedge, and 11 species of broadleaf and other weeds. The most dominant weed species was Eleocharis kuroguwai, followed by Echinochloa crus-galli, Sagittaria trifolia, Monochoria vaginalis, Scirpus juncoides and Bidens tripartita. The dominance value of E. kuroguwai and B. tripartita decreased compared to the survey results performed in 2005 but that of M. vaginalis, S. juncoides, S. trifolia and E. crus-galli increased. Weed occurrence increased from 2.83 g in 2005 to 3.51 g in 2013 based on weed dry weight per $m^2$. Occurrence ratio of annual weeds to perennial weeds changed from 45.2% : 54.8% in 2005 to 45.8% : 54.2% in 2013. If we analyze dominance of weed species based on the rice transplanting timing, E. kuroguwai and E. crus-galli were the most dominant weed species at mid-May transplanting, and M. vaginalis and S. juncoides were the most dominant weed species at late- May transplanting, and M. vaginalis and E. kuroguwai were the most dominant weed species at early-June transplanting. Since paddy weeds resistant to sulfonylurea herbicides are expected to be continuously increased, the regular monitoring of their occurrence and efficient control methods should be considered in future.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.295-307
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• 2015

Surveys of weed species in paddy fields were conducted to identify weed occurrence on July 2013. Total 237 sites of paddy fields in 9 City/Gun, Jeonnam Provinces in Korea were investigated. From the survey, 45 weed species in 18 families were identified and classified to 33 annuals and 15 perennials. Based on the occurrence ratio, the most weed species belonged to Poaceae (9 species) and 8 and 4 weed species belonged to Cyperaceae and Scrophulariaceae, respectively. These 21 weed species in the most four families accounted for 46% of total weed occurrence. The most dominant weed species in Korean paddy fields were Echinochloa spp. (18.5%), followed by Monochoria vaginalis (12.3%), Lemna perpusilla (8.2), Eleocharis kuroguwai (5.2%) and Scirpus juncoides (5.2%). The most dominant weed species in machine transplanting paddy fields were Echinochloa spp. (14%), followed by Monochoria vaginalis (12%) and in water seeded rice paddy fields were Echinochloa spp. (25%), followed by Monochoria vaginalis (11%). This information could be useful for estimation of future weed occurrence, weed population dynamics and establishment of weed control methods in paddy fields.

• The Bimonthly Magazine for Agrochemicals and Plant Protection
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• v.5 no.6
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• pp.31-35
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• 1984

''없애고자 하는 대상잡초의 종류를 제대로 알지못하고 제초제를 사용할려고 한다면 적을 알지 못하고 전쟁터에 나선 병사(兵史)와 같다고 할수 있다.'' 잡초에 의한 피해는 작물의 수량감소, 품질감소, 생산비증가, 병해충매개등 여러가지가 있지만 그중에서도 수량감소는 치명적이라 할 수 있다. 효과적인 잡초방제를 위해서는 우선 잡초군락의 연차적인 변화에 대하여 신속 정확하게 이를 파악하여 여기에 합리적인 방제 대책을 강구해 나가는 지혜가 필요하다. 제초제를 사용할때는 먼저 자기논의 환경조건과 토양조건 그리고 어떤 잡초가 발생하는지를 잘 파악해야한다.