• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.58-66
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• 2015

This study is to review the historical documents about Cinnamomum camphora SIEB. in Goryeo and Joseon Dynasty. First of all, we defined it's feature and used case by the most appropriate word 'Jang(樟)' meaning Cinnamomum camphora SIEB. We also discovered some illusions and should suggest a new possibility. First, we analyzed the definition and examples of Cinnamomum camphora SIEB. and come to the conclusion that 'Jang(樟)' seems to be the most appropriate word. Second, we confirmed that Cinnamomum camphora SIEB. grew in extralimital area. It is believed that it's because of making a mistake. Third, we confirmed that it is confused Cinnamomum camphora SIEB. with Koelreuteria paniculata in Yi, Gyu-Gyeong's records. However, it's required to verify the other cases of the Cinnamomum camphora SIEB.'s records. We expect a follow-up study about it by classifying modern feature and comparing literature matching.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.52-63
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• 2019

This study analyzed the characteristics of vegetation structure of the camphor tree (Cinnamomum japonicum) community in the area of mount Tachibana, Kasuya county, Fukuoka Prefecture designated as a special natural monument in Japan. The survey showed overwhelming dominance of canopy tree in the canopy layer (about 30 m in tree heights and 92.79 cm in average breast height diameter) but no appearance in the understory layer or the shrub layer. In the understory layer and the shrub layer, Castanopsis sieboldii, Machilus thunbergii, Neolitsea sericea, and Cinnamomum yabunikkei, which were the competing species to the canopy layer and the late-successional species in the warm temperate climate zone, were mainly distributed. Moreover, the species diversity was generally low, indicating the vegetation characteristics that was not typical of evergreen broad-leaved forests. This is presumably because camphor trees were actively planted, protected, and cultivated to produce camphor which was valuable in the past. Although this site has not been artificially managed for the past 90 years as the raw materials of camphor have not been collected, vegetation transition did not proceed, which is unique. It is probably due to the fact that camphor was overwhelmingly dominant in the canopy layer so that the inflows of species were restricted, and young tree germination did not occur due to the allelopathy effects of camphor trees.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.9
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• pp.1336-1343
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• 2005

In the present study, we screened candidates for enhancing insulin action and secretion from Cinnamomum camphora (CC) fractions, in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and Min6 cells by investigating insulin- stimulated glucose uptake and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, respectively. CC were extracted by $70\%$ ethanol followed by XAD-4 column chromatography with serial mixture solvents of methanol and water, and the fractional extractions were utilized for determining insulin action and secretion, and $\alpha$-glucoamylase suppressing activity, A significant insulin-stimulated glucose uptake was observed in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, giving 0.5 or $5{\mu}g/mL$ of $40\%\;and\;60\%$ methanol fractions plus 0.2 nM insulin, compared to the treatment of DMSO plus 0.2 nM insulin. The treatments of $40\%\;and\;60\%$ methanol fractions plus 0.2 nM insulin reached the glucose uptake of 10 nM insulin treatment. The $40\%$ methanol fraction increased triglyceride accumulation by stimulating differentiation and triglyceride synthesis similar to pioglitazone, PPAR-$\gamma$ agonist. No inhibition of $\alpha$-glucoamylase activity of CC fractions was observed. They did not modulate the insulin secretion capacity In either low or high glucose media. These results suggest that $40\%$ methanol fraction contains a potential insulin sensitizer to have a similar function of PPAR-$\gamma$ agonist. Crude CC extract may improve glucose utilization by enhancing insulin-stimulated glucose uptake without elevating glucose stimulated insulin secretion.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.9-15
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• 2015

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has been emerging worldwide as one of the most important hospital and community pathogens. At the same time, because of the difficulty in developing chemical synthetic drugs and because of their side-effects, scientists are making more efforts to search for new drugs from plant resources to combat clinical multidrug-resistant microbial infections. Cinnamomum camphora (C. camphora) is a plant of family Lauraceae, and grown Jeju island in South Korea that are used as a drug to treat neurasthenia, epilepsy, cystitis, pyelonephritis, digitalis, cancer, and diabetes mellitus in folk remedies. In this study, antibacterial activites of 80% ethanol extract of C. camphora leaves (CCE) were investigated in combination with antibiotics against clinical isolates of MRSA. The results showed that CCE was determined with MIC and MBC values ranging from 156 to 313 and 313 to $625{\mu}g/ml$, oxacillin from 128 to 256 and 128 to $512{\mu}g/ml$, ampicillin from 4 to 64 and 8 to $128{\mu}g/ml$. The combination of CCE with oxacillin or/and ampicillin were synergistic effect against MRSA 1, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13, and 15/ MRSA 1, 2, 6, and 7.

• Landscaping Tree
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• v.65 no.11_12
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• pp.19-20
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• 2001

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.72 no.1
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• pp.9-15
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• 1986

The taxonomy of the broad-leaf evergreen trees (4 genera, 5 species) of Lauraceae was studied by the morphological characteristics of stipules. The results obtained were summarized as follows; 1) The stipules of Lauraceae were arranged alternately with 5-31 stipules of simple leaf. The venations or stipules were basal reticulate and pinnated vein. The shapes of stipule blade were oblong, oblanceolate, rhomboid and oval. The stipule apex was acuminate and obtuse, the stipule base was attenuate, and the stipule margin was entire margin. The trichomes of stipules were sericeous, tomentose and villous. The five species of Lauraceae could be identified by the morphological characteristics of stipules. 2) The morphologically changing forms of stipule vein were classified into three groups; A form - the form of pinnate vein with the distinguished main vein (lozoste lancifolia), B form - the three vein grows into the form of basal reticulate vein (Neolitsea sericea, Cinnamomum japonicum and C. camphora), C form - the parallel vein grows into the form of basal reticulate vein (Marhilus thunbergii). 3) The changing forms of stipule's width from stipule "a" to "j" were three forms; (1) a>d>g>j form: C. japonicum, C. camphora and I. lancifolia, (2) a>cj,(aj,(a

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.39
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• pp.5-38
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• 2006

Although in Korea there are only three examples of wooden coffins being found in burial mounds - from the Daho-ri, Songhyun-dong, and Munyung tombs, in Japan data on the shape and structure of wooden coffins from the Gofun era is relatively abundant. The wooden coffins of the Gofun era of Japan can be classified into either the dugout log style or the combined boards style according to their method of manufacture. They can also be divided by shape, into such categories as the boat shape, the split bamboo shape, the box shape, and so on. The box shape category can be further divided into the assembled type and the nailed type, according to how the boards are put together. Japanese Umbrella Pine (Sciadopitys verticillata) was favored as coffin-wood in all ages, but during the later Gofun era easily obtained woods such as the Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) or the Hinoki Falsecypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa) were also used. The coffins found at Daho-ri and Songhyun-dong are similar to the Japanese dugout log style in shape and manufacture, while the king's and queen's coffins excavated at Munyung Tomb are seen to have had direct influence on the appearance of nailed coffins Japan. The coffin in Songhyun-dong 7th mound was originally a dugout log boat. It was probably used for practical reasons such as the bugproof, anti-corrosion qualities of camphor wood, not because of ideological reasons such as in a boat burial (in which the boat takes the deceased to the after world). Because the Changnyong region is inland, where camphor trees do not grow, using an already existing boat may have been the only way to procure a camphor-wood coffin. From historical circumstances, it may be inferred that the camphor trees were imported into Korea from Japan, between which there was much cultural exchange.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.503-514
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• 2020

Climate change leads to changes in phenological response and movement of plant habitats. Korea's evergreen broad-leaved forest has widened its distribution area compared for the past 20 years, and the range of its native habitats is moving northward. We analyzed climate indices such as the warmth index, the cold index, the lowest temperature in the coldest month, and the annual average temperature, which are closely related to vegetation distribution, to predict the change in the native habitat of Lauraceae evergreen broad-leaved trees. We also analyzed the change and spatial distribution to identify the habitat climate characteristics of 8 species of Lauraceae evergreen broad-leaved trees distributed in the warm temperate zone in Korea. Moreover, we predicted the natural habitat change in the 21st century according to the climate change scenario (RCP 4.5/8.5), applying the MaxEnt species distribution model. The monthly average climate index of the 8 species of Lauraceae evergreen broad-leaved trees was 116.9±10.8℃ for the temperate index, the cold index 3.9±3.8℃, 1495.7±455.4mm for the annual precipitation, 11.7±3.5 for the humidity index, 14.4±1.1℃ for the annual average temperature, and 1.0±2.1℃ for the lowest temperature of winter. Based on the climate change scenario RCP 4.5, the distribution of the Lauraceae evergreen broad-leaved trees was analyzed to expand to islands of Jeollanam-do and Gyeongsangnam-do, adjacent areas of the west and south coasts, and Goseong, Gangwon-do on the east coast. In the case of the distribution based on the climate change scenario RCP 8.5, it was analyzed that the distribution would expand to all of Jeollanam-do and Gyeongsangnam-do, and most regions except for some parts of Jeollabuk-do, Chungcheongnam-do, Gyeongsangbuk-do, and the capital region. For the conservation of Lauraceae evergreen broad-leaved trees to prepare for climate change, it is necessary to establish standards for conservation plans such as in-situ and ex-situ conservation and analyze various physical and chemical characteristics of native habitats. Moreover, it is necessary to preemptively detect changes such as distribution, migration, and decline of Lauraceae evergreen broad-leaved trees following climate change based on phenological response data based on climate indicators and establish conservation management plans.

• Proceedings of the Zoological Society Korea Conference
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• 1995.10b
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• pp.274.1-274
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• 1995

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.200-208
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• 2024

Chung's equations-IX and Chung's equation-XII were utilized to predict the fire risk and evaluate fire risk ratings for four types of wood: camphor, cherry, rubber, and elm trees. The combustion tests were conducted using a cone calorimeter test method by ISO 5660-1 standards. The fire risk and fire risk rating (FRR) were compared for Fire Risk Index-IX (FRI-IX) and Fire Risk Index-XII (FRI-XII). The results yielded Fire Performance Index-XI (FPI-XI) ranging from 0.08 to 11.48 and Fire Growth Index-XI (FGI-XI) ranging from 0.67 to 111.89. The Fire Risk Index-XII (FRI-XII), indicating fire risk rating, exhibited an increasing order of cherry (0.45): Grade A (Ranking 5) < PMMA (1): Grade A (Ranking 4) < elm (1.23): Grade A (Ranking 3) < rubber (1.56): Grade A (Ranking 2) << camphor (148.23): Grade G (Ranking 1). Additionally, the fire risk index-IX (FRI-IX) was cherry (0): Grade A (Ranking 3) ≈ rubber (0): Grade A (Ranking 3) ≈ elm tree (0): Grade A (Ranking 3) < PMMA (1): Grade A (Ranking 2) << camphor tree (66.67): Grade G (Ranking 1). In general, camphor was found to have the highest fire risk. In conclusion, although the expression of the index is different as shown based on the standards of FRI-IX and FRI-XII, predictions based on fire risk assessment of combustible materials showed similar trends.