• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.62-79
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• 2024

Garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata) is a species that has devastated the United States and Canada. It is known to play a role in destroying the ecosystem. In this study, the domestic distribution of garlic mustard was confirmed and a detailed distribution map was created for the Samcheok region, where the largest population has been established in South Korea. This study investigated the growth environment, life cycle, and population dynamics of the species in the Samcheok region. Garlic mustard was found in a total of 301 locations in Samcheok, with a total distribution area of 2,957 square meters. Annual plants germinated in mid-April, overwintered in rosette form, underwent vegetative growth from April 10 to April 24 the following year, and flowered from April 24 to May 7. Individuals producing seeds began to die off from June. Both annual and biennial individuals showed a trend of increasing and then decreasing in number around April 27 (118 days). Garlic mustard grew well under favorable light conditions in early spring. They showed less growth on leaf litter, short distance from roads, lower altitude, deciduous broad-leaved forest of middle and lower parts of the slope and forest edge. Without proper control measures in the Samcheok region, it is likely to spread more rapidly in deciduous broad-leaved forests along hiking trails in the Galyasan Mountains. In particular, it is more likely to extend to oak community where light enters the site during flowering than to pine community where there is less light in the site.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.237-244
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• 2009

When the symptom of periapical infection is not released by mechanical instrumentation. anti-microbial agents including antibiosis become necessary in order to remove microorganisms from the root canal. Since anti-microbial agents of natural origins are currently popular, more natural remedies are being sought out. As it turns out, it is well known isothiocyanates (ITCs) in horseradish root extract have anti-microbial activity from many studies. In this research, anti-microbial effects of horseradish root extract and chlorhexidine, a typical anti-microbial agent, were investigated and compared against two kinds of obligate anaerobes. Fusobacterium nucleatum and Prevotella nigrescens, that are often discovered in infected root canal, and Clostridium perfringens, which is resistant to antibiotics and frequently used as a control strain for antibacterial studies 1. The MIC and MBC of horseradish root extract were ranged from 87 to 470 ppm and from 156 to 625 ppm against three kinds of obligate anaerobes, respectively. Horseradish root extract showed the strongest anti-bacterial activity (MBC, 156 ppm) against F. nucleatum and also showed anti-bacterial activity against antibiotic resistant obligate anaerobes. C. perfringens. 2. The MIC and MBC of chlorhexidine were ranged from 3.12 to 6.25 ppm and 10.94 ppm against three kinds of obligate anaerobes, respectively. 3. The MIC with 87-470 ppm of horseradish root exact has the same growth inhibiting effect as the one of 3.12-6.25 ppm of chlorhexidine. Likewise, the MBC with 156-625 ppm of horseradish has the similar bactericidal effect as 10.94 ppm of chlorhexidine.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.217-226
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• 2009

Allyl isothiocyanate (AIT), the principle ingredient of antimicrobial ingredients from horseradish root, can be prepared from extracts of horseradish root or synthetic method. It is reported that the horseradish root extract has the antimicrobial effect against various oral microorganisms, while there is no further study about the antimicrobial effect against the oral microorganisms of synthetic AIT derived from synthetic method. The aim of the study is to compare the difference of the antimicrobial effect between horseradish root extracts and synthetic AIT. To evaluate the antimicrobial effect, we measured the minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), and the results are like following. 1. The MIC of horseradish root extract against 7 kinds of oral pathogenic microorganisms is about 117$\sim$1,750 ppm(0.0117$\sim$0.175%), and the MIC of the synthetic AIT is about 344$\sim$3,000 ppm(0.0344$\sim$0.3%), which have the antimicrobial effects against all kinds of microorganisms. 2. The MBC of the horseradish root extracts against the 7 kinds of oral microorganisms is about 625.2$\sim$6,000 ppm(0.06252$\sim$0.6%), and the MBC of the synthetic AIT is about 1,750$\sim$7,000 ppm(0.175$\sim$0.7%), which have the antimicrobial effects against all kinds of microorganisms.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.311-316
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• 2011

This study aimed to determine the effect of EC (electrical conductivity) levels of nutrient solution in hydroponic culture on allyl-isothiocyanate (AITC) content within plant tissues, Vitamin C content and physiological responses in wasabi plant (Wasabia japonica M. 'Darma'). The 'Darma' was grown for 5 weeks with a deep flow technique (DFT) system controlled at 5 different EC levels, including 0.5, 1, 2, 3, and $5dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$. In result, the highest total content of AITC showed at EC level 5 and $3dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ for 1 or 5- week, respectively. The total content of AITC increased about 1.2-1.4 times when the plants were grown in the EC levels between 0.5 and $2dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$, whereas the content decreased about 6 and 56 % in the EC level 3 and $5dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$, respectively. The content of AITC was relatively higher in petiole tissue, about 53 %, taken from 1 week-grown plants when the EC was controlled between 0.5 and $2dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$. Root tissue also had relatively higher content of AITC, about 45.1 %, when the EC was controlled at 3 and $5dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$. However, a 5-fold decrease in the AITC content was found in blade tissue and a 6.8-fold decrease in root when the EC was controlled at $5dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ for 5 weeks. There was no significant difference in the vitamin C content in 1-week grown leaf tissues under the different EC level treatments; but, the content increased about 27% in 5-week grown plants at the EC level between 0.5 and $2dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$, compared to the 1 week-grown leaf tissue. Electrolyte leakage of leaf tissue taken from 3-week grown plant was 3-fold higher at the EC level $5dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$, compared to the EC level between 0.5 and $2dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$. Chlorophyll content, photosynthesis rate and transpiration rate were decreased when the EC was controlled at higher than $2dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$. Leaf water content, specific leaf area and growth were decreased when the EC was controlled at $5dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ for 5 weeks. All the integrated results in this study suggest that the EC level of nutrient solution should be maintained at lower than $3dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ in order to improve nutritional value and quantity required for hydroponically grown wasabi as functional vegetable.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.147-156
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• 1997

The survey of weed population in apple orchard was conducted to investigate basic information on weed flora and its ecology at 27 locations in 1996. The weed species observed include 7 species of grasses, 60 species of broadleaves and 2 species of sedges, and the ratio of annual weed vs perennial weed was 64 : 36. Major dominant weed species by frequence were Chenopodium album, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Digitaria sanguinalis, Rorippa islandica, Alopecurus aequalis and Erigeron canadensis. While, on the basis of dry weight, the most dominant weeds were C. album followed by E. canadensis, A. aequalis, R islandica and R indica. The dominant weed species in middle-north Kyeongbuk region were C. bursa-pastoris, C. album, R indica and R islandica, were E. canadensis, Persicaria hydropiper, A. aequalis and Arenaria serpylliforia in Chungbuk region and were A. aequalis, E. canadenris and R islandica in Honam region.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.73-85
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• 2016

This study was carried out to allelopathic effects of aqueous extracts on Coronopus didymus in order to investigate the competitive dominant in plant ecosystem and possibility application in natural herbicide. Number of species and species diversity for close to patch of C. didymus was decreased gradually site #1 (7, 1.76), site #2 (5, 1.34) and site #3 (5, 1.25). It was generally decreased the relative germination ratio (r=-0.731, p<0.01), the mean germination time, the relative elongation ratio (r=-571, p<0.01, r=-0.730, p<0.01), the relative fresh weight (r=-0.743, p<0.01), development of root hairs of receptor plants by concentration of the aqueous extracts from C. didymu. But they were different from the growing regions, the kind of receptor plants and the treatment of the aqueous extracts. Especially, it was differently effected among growing regions that inhibited more radicle than shoot by the aqueous extracts concentration of C. didymus. Total phenolic compound in the aqueous extracts of C. didymus analyzed about $23.0{\pm}1.1mg/g$. Total phenolic compounds of soil in survey area was increased gradually site #1 ($0.072{\pm}0.002mg/g$), site #2 ($0.082{\pm}0.003mg/g$) and site #3 ($0.092{\pm}0.004 mg/g$). We think that the aqueous extracts of C. didymu showed allelopathic effects on other plants. Therefore, C. didymu hold the competitive dominant of plant ecosystem in Jeju Island and possibility application of natural herbicide.

• Vending industry
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• v.8 no.1 s.22
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• pp.22-23
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• 2008

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 1980.05a
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• pp.45.1-45.1
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• 1980

• The Science & Technology
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• no.11 s.438
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• pp.78-83
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• 2005

• 한국상하수도협회지
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• s.19
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• pp.46-47
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• 2007