• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2003.07d
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• pp.2591-2593
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• 2003

본 논문에서는 CEMTool환경에서 수행된는 일반적 형태 분산 시뮬레이터의 구조를 제안한다. 먼저, 분산시뮬레이션을 할 수 있도록 SIMTool에서 전체 시스템을 패럴랠블록의 형식으로 여러개의 서브시스템으로 분할한다. 그런후에 CEMTool환경에서 분할된 시스템에 대하여 초기화, one step ahead 시뮬레이션, distribute와 ordering의 과정을 진행한 후 각각의 서브시스템에 대하여 독립적인 C code과 실행파일을 생성한다. 여러 대의 PC에서는 분할된 각각의 서브시스템을 독자적으로 실행시키는 동시에 서로간에 reflective memory를 통해 데이터를 주고반는다. 본 논문의 실험대상인 냉간압연 시스템은 각각의 서브시스템 내부의 계산량이 통신량보다 훨씬 많기 때문에 분산처리를 하기에 아주 적합하며, 본 논문에서는 냉간압연 시스템에 대한 분산시뮬레이션의 결과를 분석하고 제시된 방법으로 확실한 속도향상의 결과를 보여준다는 것을 설명하고자 한다.

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.43.2-43.2
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• 2009

니켈기 초내열합금 Inconel 617은 Cr, Mo 등의 첨가물이 함유된 고용 강화된 합금으로써, 우수한 고온 강도, 크립 저항성, 내부식성 및 내산화성을 가지고 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 또한 Inconel 617의 주된 carbide은 $M_{23}C_6$와 미량의 $M_6C$ carbide로 형성되어있다. 본 연구에서는 냉간 압연 및 고온열화가 carbide의 크기, 분율 그리고 상 변화에 미치는 영향을 평가하였다. 냉간 압연은 50%까지 수행하였으며, 50% 냉간 압연한 시편을 $1050^{\circ}C$에서 1시간 동안 재결정을 수행하였다. 이로 인해 미세한 결정립과 carbide을 가지는 시편을 확보할 수 있었으며, as-received 시편 보다 균일하게 carbide을 분산 시킬 수 있었다. 또한 재결정 후 $950^{\circ}C$에서 고온열화에 의한 carbide의 변화를 평가함으로써, 냉간 압연 및 고온열화에 의한 carbide의 크기, 분율 그리고 상 변화에 미치는 영향을 평가할 수 있었다. Carbide의 분율을 평가하기 위하여 BSE image을 관찰하였으며, Image analyzer을 이용하여 계산되었다. 그리고 carbide의 성분 분석을 통한 $M_{23}C_6$와 $M_6C$의 상을 평가하기 위하여 EPMA 분석을 수행하였으며, carbide의 분산에 의한 균질도를 평가하기 위하여 비커스 경도를 측정하였다.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.271-277
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• 2013

Skin pass rolling is a very important process for applying a certain elongation to a strip in the cold rolling and annealing processes, which play an important role in preventing the stretching of the yield point when the material is processed. The exact prediction of the rolling force is essential for obtaining a given elongation with the steel grade and strip size. Unlike hot rolling and cold rolling, skin pass rolling is used to apply an elongation of within 2% to the strip. Under a small reduction, it is difficult to predict the rolling force because the elastic deformation behavior of the rolls is complicated and a model for predicting the rolling force has not yet been established. Nevertheless, the exact prediction of the rolling force in skin pass rolling has gained increasing importance in recent times with the rapid development of high-strength steels for use in automobiles. In this study, the possibility of predicting the rolling force in skin pass rolling for producing various steel grades was examined using foil rolling theory, which is known to have similar elastic deformation behavior of rolls in the roll bite. It was found that a noncircular arc model is more accurate than a circular model in predicting the roll force of high-strength steel below TS 980 MPa in skin pass rolling.

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.48.1-48.1
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• 2009

Ti합금은 생체적합성이 우수하여 생체재료로 널리 사용되어 왔으며, 특히 Nitinol로 알려진 Ti-Ni합금은 형상기억특성 및 초탄성특성을 지녀 치열교정용 와이어나 혈관확장용 스텐트 등으로 사용되어 왔다. 최근 Ni과 같은 세포독성 합금원소의 용출가능성이 문제가 되어 Ni을 함유하지 않는 Ti합금이 주목받고 있다. 본 연구에서는 Ti-Nb-Ge 합금의 집합조직과 초탄성 및 기계적 특성의 관계를 고찰함으로써, 사용목적이나 요구특성에 부합되는 가공열처리방법을 도출하고자 하였다. 비소모전극식 진공아크용해장치를 이용하여 Ti-Nb-Ge 합금 버튼을 만들고, 이를 $1000^{\circ}C$에서 30분간 유지 후 얼음물에 급랭처리하였다. 이후 집합조직 제어를 위해 등속압연 및 이속압연의 두가지 방법으로 냉간압연한 후, $850^{\circ}C$에서 30분~2시간까지 열처리하였다. 광학현미경과 투과전자현미경을 이용하여 미세조직을 관찰하고, X-선 회절분석법을 이용하여 집합조직을 분석하였다. 또한 순환식 인장시험을 통해 시편의 초탄성 특성 및 기계적 성질을 평가하였다. 등속압연재는 {001}<110>에서 {111}<110>에 이르는 $\alpha$-fiber가 발달하는 한편, 이속압연재는 {001} 및 {111}가 발달하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 압연방향으로 <110>이 평행한 집합조직이 발달할수록 초탄성 특성이 높게 나타났다. 이는 응력유기 마르텐사이트 변태 시 $\beta$의 <110>방향이 $\alpha$" <010>방향으로 변할 때 길이가 증가하므로, 시편에 인장방향으로 <110>이 평행한 집합조직이 발달할수록 응력유기 마르텐사이트 변태가 용이해지기 때문인 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.511-517
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• 2009

In this paper an finite element approach for the edge crack analysis of silicon-steel sheet during cold rolling is presented. Based on the damage mechanics, the proposed approach follows the analysis steps which are composed of damage initiation, damage evolution and fracture. Through those steps, we can find out the initiation instant of crack and resulting propagated length and shape of the crack. The material constants related to fracture is experimentally obtained by tension tests using standard sheet-type specimen and notched sheet-type specimen. To evaluate the prediction accuracy, we performed a pilot rolling test with a initially notched sheets. It is shown that the results obtained by the approach converged to the experimental one concerning about the direction and length of propagated crack. The capability of the proposed one is demonstrated through the application to the actual silicon-steel rolling mill.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.237-244
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• 2012

This paper studies the design of a two-DOF optimal controller for the strip gauge-tension of cold tandem mill processes, that uses a reference shaping filter and a disturbance observer. First, a mathematical model of the strip gauge and tension system is constructed using the gauge meter equation and Hooke's law, respectively. Next, a two-DOF controller considering of a feedforward controller and a feedback controller is designed. The former is based on the reference shaping filter and the disturbance observer, and the latter is based on the ILQ optimal control algorithm. Finally, it is shown through a computer simulation that the proposed optimal controller is able to improve the strip gauge accuracy and the tension variation more than the conventional MV-AGC controller.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 2009.04a
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• pp.117-120
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• 2009

The rolling of flat slabs or sheet metal is probably the most advanced technique of metalworking technology. In spite of this very intensive activity, the problem if edge cracking has not been resolved. Although edge cracking is a major industrial problem, relatively little well-documented experimental work has been published on subject. Despite the paucity of exact experiments, it is reasonably certain from published data that three causes contribute to its occurrence; (1) limited ductility of the rolled material (2) uneven deformation at the edges and (3) variations in stresses along the width of the rolled material, particular near the edge. The present study was carried out to show the generation of edge cracking using ductile fracture criteria and FE-simulation. The validity of simulated results was verified by rolling experiments of steel strip.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.129-135
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• 2009

In this paper, a finite element model is presented for the prediction of roll force and strip thickness in a backup-roll-drive mill. The proposed FE model is focused mainly on analyzing the elastic/plastic behavior between a work roll and a strip as well as the rigid/plastic behavior between a backup roll and a work roll. The capability of the proposed model is demonstrated through application to 4-high silicon steel rolling mill at POSCO. Results show that the predicted roll force and strip thickness rolled accurately agree with the measured them. It is also illustrated that the proper position of work roll displaced to one side from the vertical centerline of the backup-roll may be determined by minimizing the horizontal force of work roll.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.36 no.12
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• pp.1619-1625
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• 2012

An electrical steel strip is commonly used as a core material in all types of electric transformers and motors. It is produced by a cold rolling process. In this paper, a damage-mechanics-based approach that predicts the edge fracture of an electrical steel strip during cold rolling is presented. We adopted the normal tensile stress criterion and the fracture energy method as a damage initiation criterion and a damage evolution scheme, respectively. We employed finite element analysis (FEA) to simulate crack initiation and propagation at the initial notch located at the edges of the strip. The material constants required in FEA were experimentally obtained by tensile tests using a standard and a notched sheet-type specimen. The results reveal that the edge crack was initiated at the entrance of the roll bite and that it rapidly evolved at the exit. The evolution length of the edge crack increased as the length of the initial notch as well as the front tension reel force of the strip increased.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.634-641
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• 2001

Shape memory alloy has been used to improve the tensile strength of composite by the occurrence of compressive residual stress in matrix using its shape memory effect. In order to fabricate shape memory alloy composite, TiNi alloy and A16061 were used as reinforcing material and mix, respectively. In this study, TiNi/A16061 shape memory alloy composite was made by using hot press method. However, the specimen fabricated by this method had the bonding problem at the boundary between TiNi fiber and Al matrix when the load was applied to it. A cold rolling was imposed to the specimen to improve the bonding effect. It was found that tensile strength of specimen subjected to cold rolling was more increased than that of specimen which did not underwent cold rolling. In addition, acoustic emission technique was used to quantify the microscopic damage behavior of cold rolled TiNi/A16061 shape memory alloy composite at high temperature.