• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.124-132
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• 2016

In order to estimate the effect of flow distributors connected to an upper nozzle of CMT(Core Makeup Tank) on the thermal-hydraulic characteristics in the tank, a simplified 2 inch Small Break Loss of Coolant Accident(SBLOCA) was simulated by skipping the decay power and Passive Residual Heat Removal System(PRHRS) actuation. The CMT is a part of safety injection systems in the SMART (System Integrated Modular Advanced Reactor). Each test was performed with reliable boundary conditions. It means that the pressure distribution is provided with repeatable and reproducible behavior during SBLOCA simulations. The maximum flow rates were achieved at around 350 seconds after the initial opening of the isolation valve installed in CMT. After a short period of decreased flow rate, it attained a steady injection flow rate after about 1,250 seconds. This unstable injection period of the CMT coolant is due to the condensation of steam injected into the upper part of CMT. The steady injection flow rate was about 8.4% higher with B-type distributor than that with A-type distributor. The gravity injection during hot condition tests were in good agreement with that during cold condition tests except for the early stages.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.9 no.12
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• pp.1252-1262
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• 1999

The effect of microstructures on the strength-flangeability of Nb bearing hot-rolled high strength steel was investigated in order to improve the strength-flangeability of conventional TS 580MPa grades HSLA steel for the automotive wheel disc. The low temperature coiling method using 3-step controlled cooling pattern after hot rolling was effective to produce the Nb-bearing high strength steel with the polygonal ferrite and bainite duplex microstructures. It was suggested that the suppressed precipitation of grain boundary cementites and the decreased hardness difference between ferrite matrix and bainite cause the excellent stretch-flangeability of ferrite-bainite duplex microstructure steel. Therefore, the formation and propagation of microcracks were suppressed relative to the conventional HSLA steel with ferrite and pearlite microstructure. In addition, the elongation was improved as compared with that of hot-rolled steel sheets using conventional early cooling pattern because the volume fraction of polygonal ferrite was increased.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.93-101
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• 1987

Residual stresses have remained around welding areas of a steel structure member after welding operation. The major causes to occur these residual stresses are the local heat due to a welding, the heat stresses due to a irregular and rapid cooling condition, the material and rigidity of a steel structure. Ultimatly, these residual stresses have been known to decrease a brittle fracture strength, a fatigue strength, a buckling strength, dynamic properties, and the corrosion resistance of the material. This paper deals with the residual stresses on a steel structure member through experimental studies. SWS 58 plates were welded by the method of X-groove type. These plates were layed on the heat treatment at four different temperatures; $350^{\circ}C$, $500^{\circ}C$, $650^{\circ}C$ and $800^{\circ}C$. The resulting residual Stresses were measured by hole drilling method, and the followings were obtained. The residual stresses on the vicinity of a welding point were relieved most effectively at the temperature of $650^{\circ}C$, and these stresses relieved completly when the ratio of a hole diamerter to a hole depth became unity. Hardness test shows that the higher value of hardness at the heat affected zone dropped to belower as the temperature went up from $350^{\circ}C$ to $800^{\circ}C$. The Welding input heats have not influenced the magnitude of residual stresses at the input heat range between above and below one forth than standard.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.37 no.7
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• pp.857-864
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• 2013

A laser machining process has been applied in many manufacturing fields and it provides an excellent energy control for treating materials. However, a heat effect during laser machining can deteriorate material properties. Specifically, a thermally induced stress can be a problem in laser-machined structures on a metal surface. In this study, temperature and stress on cold-rolled carbon steel sheet machined with laser hole drilling were explored in an experimental approach and a numerical method. Stresses by temperature gradients inside the materials were generated in fast cooling. The stresses were measured by using a hole-drilling method and the material properties of carbon steel (SCP1-S) were obtained in the experiment. It was found that the stress predicted from the numerical analysis was in agreement with the stresses measured by using the hole-drilling method. The analysis can be applied for evaluating structure characteristics machined with a laser.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.223-230
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• 2003

A study was performed to measure and analyze the gas-side fouling of heat exchanger to cool the exhaust gas from sludge incinerator at ironworks. The incinerator gas passes through inside of the vertical tubes of heat exchanger to preheat the combustion air. This kind of fouling occurs at the entrance region of the heat exchanger and thus the perforated fouling plate was designed to measure the gas-side fouling and to analyze the particulate deposit. As a result of analysis, the particulate deposition rate was influenced by temperature, particulate composition and size and also the deposition patterns were different according to the location of perforated fouling plate. The computational analysis was performed to obtain the deposition rates at the perforated fouling plate and the calculation showed that the deposition rate was varied with the hole size and particulate size. It was proved that the fouling at the entrance region of heat exchanger could be measured by the perforated fouling plate designed in this study.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.209-213
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• 2020

In this study, the model A with the existing shape used at racing car and the model B with light weight were designed. The structural analysis with thermal deformation and stress were carried out. Model A shows that the maximum temperature is lower than model B. The cooling performance due to the shape of the disk without any other cooling conditions can be shown to be better for model A. Model A was seen to be superior in durability as the thermal stress reduced by almost twice as much as model B. The part where the greatest stress occurred appeared to be the hole jointed with the hub regardless of its shape. The analysis results at this study are seen to be useful at designing the shape of the actual vehicle brake disc. The analysis results obtained in this study can be applied at grasping the strength of the brake disk for racing car practically. By utilizing the analysis result of the brake disk for racing car, this study is seen as the convergence study that the aesthetic design and analysis are applied.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.269-274
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• 2011

A CFD analysis was performed to examine the inner channel blockage of dual-cooled fuel which has being developed for the power uprate of a pressurized water reactor (PWR). The dual-cooled fuel consists of an annular fuel pellet($UO_2$) and dual claddings as well as internal and external cooling channels. The dual-cooled annular fuel is different from a conventional solid 려el by employing an internal cooling channel for each fuel pellet as well as an external cooling channel. One of the key issues is the hypothetical event of inner channel blockage because the inner channel is an isolated flow channel without the coolant mixing between the neighboring flow channels. The inner channel blockage could cause the Departure from Nucleate Boiling (DNB) in the inner channel that eventually causes a fuel failure. This paper presents the CFD simulation of the flow through the side holes of the bottom end plug for the complete entrance blockage of the inner channel. Since the amount of coolant supply to the inner channel depends on largely the pressure loss at the side hole, the pressure loss coefficient of the side hole was estimated by the CFD analysis. The CFD prediction of the loss coefficient showed a reasonable agreement with an experimental data for the complete blockage of both the inner channel entrance and the outer channel. The CFD predictions also showed the decrease of the loss coefficient as the outer channel blockage increases.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.121-129
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• 1981

Three most outstanding maximum flow rate formulas are identified from many existing models. Outlines of the three limiting mass flow rate models are given along with computational procedures to estimate approximate amount of fission products released from a containment to environment for a given characteristic hole size for containment-isolation failure and containment pressure and temperature under a loss of coolant accident. Sample calculations are performed using the critical ideal gas flow rate model and the Moody's graphs for the maximum two-phase flow rates, and the results are compared with the values obtained from the mass leakage rate formula of CONTEMPT-LT code for converging nozzle and sonic flow. It is shown that the critical ideal gas flow rate formula gives almost comparable results as one can obtain from the Moody's model. It is also found that a more conservative approach to estimate leakage rate from a containment under a LOCA is to use the maximum ideal gas flow rate equation rather than tile mass leakage rate formula of CONTEMPT-LT.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2016.02a
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• pp.425.1-425.1
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• 2016

고온의 플라즈마를 긴 펄스 및 장시간 연속운전 유지기술 개발 및 연구를 위해서는 플라즈마는 더욱 가열되어야 하고, 고온 고밀도의 플즈마 상태를 유지시켜야 한다. 이러한 고성능 플라즈마 개발은 향후 핵융합 에너지의 상용화를 위한 절대필수적 기반기술이다. 현재 KSTAR 토카막에서는 플라즈마를 가열하기 위한 장치들 중 하나로서, 출력 6 MW 급의 중성입자빔을 입사하는 NBI (Neutral Beam Injection) 가열장치가 설치 운영 중에 있다. 이 NBI 가열장치는 진공환경에서 고온, 고압, 고전압 방전 및 수냉 등이 작동 및 운전되고 있기 때문에, 구성 부품 들의 미세한 구조적 결함에도 장치의 치명적 failed로 이어질 수 있다. 이번 연구에서는 NBI 가열장치의 특성상 극한 운전 환경에 있는 진공용기 부품 중 하나 인 빔인출을 위한 가속 그리드 (accelerating grid)의 구조적 손상및 결함 여부를 고속중성자 이미지 기법을 적용하여 내부를 투시 진단하였다. 가속 그리드는 copper로 제작되었고, 빔인출을 위한 원형의 구멍과 냉각관을 가진 평면판 형태로 되었다. 본 연구에서 내부투시 및 진단할 수 있는 고속중성자 이미징 기법의 적용으로 진공용기 부품 및 장치의 구조적 결함 및 손상 여부를 판단 가능하다는 연구 결과를 얻었다.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.375-380
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• 2017

This paper reports the results of an acceleration test to predict the contact-induced failure that could occur at the cylinder-to-hole joint for the fuel rod of a sodium-cooled fast reactor (SFR). To incorporate the fuel life of the SFR currently under development at KAERI (around 35,000 h), the acceleration test method of reliability engineering was adopted in this work. A finite element method was used to evaluate the flow-induced vibration frequency and amplitude for the test parameter values. Five specimens were tested. The failure criterion during the life of the SFR fuel was applied. The S-N curve of the HT-9, the material of concern, was used to obtain the acceleration factor. As a result, a test time of 16.5 h was obtained for each specimen. It was concluded that the $B_{0.004}$ life would be guaranteed for the SFR fuel rods with 99％ confidence if no failure was observed at any of the contact surfaces of the five specimens.