• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.50-59
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• 2018

Recently, huge life losses occurred in the elderly long-term medical care fires due to lack of escape safety. As part of the measures to enhance the effectiveness of fire escape safety, while they prolong the available safe egress time (ASET) of non fire compartments, a measure to shorten fire-fighter's arrival time by fire alarm notifying device should be implemented in these facilities. The four categories from the aspects of fire prevention/protection engineering were provided with the necessary component technologies for carrying out these helper-guided evacuations. Fire prevention engineered technology was presented by two provisions; one for ensuring small compartment sections by installing the fire rated wall between bed rooms and another for ensuring the fire retardant or/and non-flammable performance of finishing materials. Also fire protection engineered technology was presented by two items; one for imposing cooling effects by sprinklers and another for providing automatic fire alarm notifying functions to fire stations. In order to improve the escape safety of these facilities in Korea, alternative revisions may presented by considering insufficient provisions in the architectural/fire law provisions by analyzing the provisions of Japanese and domestic laws in detail.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.235-243
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• 2020

In recent years, the use of high-strength concrete has increased with increasing height and enlarging scale of the buildings However, it has been pointed out that the use of high-strength concrete is the most serious problem compared to ordinary concrete in terms of the spalling of concrete cross sections caused by fires. For this reason, fiber cocktail methods, which are made of polypropylene fibers, nylon fibers, etc., are mainly used to improve the fire resistance performance. However, the majority of research on high-strength concrete to which the fiber cocktail method was applied is mainly focused on the effect of reducing spalling, and few studies have investigated and analyzed the effect of micropores produced by melting PP fibers on the long-term durability of high-strength concrete after a fire. Therefore, in this study, the effect of micropores on the depth of carbonation was examined through carbonation tests and microstructure analysis, assuming high-strength concrete to which fiber-mixed construction method was applied, which caused fire damage.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.81-89
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• 2018

Austenitic stainless steels have excellent corrosion resistance, durability and fire resistance. Especially, since STS304L among austenitic types is a low-carbon variation of STS304 and has excellent intergranular corrosion resistance, it can often be used under the welded condition without heat treatment after field welding. This paper investigated ultimate behaviors such as ultimate strength and weld metal fracture mechanism of STS304L fillet-welded connections with TIG(tungsten inert gas) welding through test results. Main variables of specimens are weld length and welding direction against loading. Fracture of specimens are classified into three modes(tensile fracture, shear fracture and block shear fracture). Ultimate strengths were compared according to the welding direction and weld length and TFW series with transverse fillet weld had the highest strength compared with other types(LFW series with longitudinal fillet weld and FW series with all round weld). It is known that current design specifications such as KBC 2016 and AISC2010 underestimated the strength of TFW and LFW specimens and provided unconservative estimates for FW specimens. Finally, strength equations were proposed considering material properties of STS 304L material.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.63-73
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• 2009

Recently, the use of lightweight panels in building structures has been increasing. Of the various lightweight panel types, styrofoam sandwich panels are inexpensive and are excellent in terms of their insulation capacity and their constructability. However, sandwich panels that include organic material are quite vulnerable to fire, and thus can numerous casualties in the event of a fire due to the lack of time to vacate and their emission of poisonous gas. On the other hand, lightweight foamed concrete is excellent, both in terms of its insulation ability and its fire resistance, due to its Inner pores. The properties of lightweight concrete is influenced by foaming agent type. Accordingly, this study investigates the insulation properties by foaming agent type, to evaluate the possibility of using light-weight foamed concrete instead of styrene foam. Our research found thatnon-heating zone temperature of lightweight foamed concrete using AP (Aluminum Powder) and FP (animal protein foaming agent) are lower than that of light-weight foamed concrete using AES (alkyl ether lactic acid ester). Lightweight foamed concrete using AES and FP satisfied fire performance requirements of two hours at a foam ratio 50, 100. Lightweight foamed concrete using AP satisfied fire performance requirements of two hours at AP ratio 0.1, 0.15. The insulation properties were better in closed pore foamed concrete by made AP, FP than with open pore foamed concrete made using AES.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.80-86
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• 2015

This study analyzed recent cases of ship fires explosions and investigated their problems and coping plans. Through analysis on the statistical figures, it was found that our nation's situations of maritime accidents by kind during the period of 2009~2013 showed the ratios of ship accidents caused by fires explosions was the highest in 2012 with 7.58% (55 cases) followed by year 2009 with 3.39% (34 cases), year 2010 with 3.39% (25 cases), year 2011 with 6.03% (57 cases) and year 2013 with 6.74% (43 cases), which indicates a steady increase in the number of ship accidents. Majority of reasons for ship fires explosions were lack of safety awareness. Since those accidents happen on the sea, fires, once they happen, tend to get serious due to absence of on board & nearby fire extinguishing facilities, public fire service's uneasy access to them and great influences of natural factors such as wind and etc. Ship fires explosions are special cases unlike what happens to general edifices. So, their coping plans should focus on preventive measures since the damages those cases bring about can be detrimental. For this reason, it's necessary to research precise evacuation plans, develop ship structure & materials reinforcing fire resistance to secure more time for evacuation and enhance people's safety awareness by implementing thorough safety training.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.95-102
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• 2017

The fires in the traditional markets often occur recently with the most of them expanded into great fires so that the damage is very serious. The status of traditional markets handling the distribution for ordinary people is greatly shrunk with the aggressive marketing of the local large companies and the foreign large distribution companies after the overall opening of the local distribution market. Most of the traditional markets have the history and tradition from decades to centuries and have grown steadily with the joys and sorrows of ordinary people and the development of the local economy. The fire developing to the large fire has the characteristics of the problem that the fire possibility is high since all products can be flammable due to the deterioration of facilities, the arbitrary modification of equipment, and the crowding of the goods for sale. Furthermore, most of the stores are petty with their small sizes so that the passage is narrow affecting the passage of pedestrians. Accordingly, the traditional markets are vulnerable to fire due to the initial unplanned structural problem so that the large scale fire damage occurs. The study is concerned with systematically classifying and analyzing the result by applying the TRIZ tool to the fire risk factors to extract the fundamental problem with the fire of the traditional market and make the active response. The study was done for preventing the fire on the basis of it and the expansion to the large fire in case of fire to prepare the specific measure to minimize the fire damage. On the basis of the fire expansion risk factor of the derived traditional market, the study presented the passive measures such as the improvement of the fire resisting capacity, the fire safety island, etc. and the active and institutional measures such as the obligation of the fire breaking news facilities, the application of the extra-high pressure pump system, the divided use of the electric line, etc.